RU2392979C2 - Method of electrical myostimulation training - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to medicine, aims at electrical myostimulation and can be used for development of power qualities and muscle endurance, correction of body composition. Performing the procedures involve multichannel exposure on various grounds of muscles by multiple stimulations K within 1 to 10 of acoustical frequency currents, variable sinusoidal current of frequency 2200-2500 Hz and amplitude modulation of frequency 40-70 Hz. The exposure is continuous and includes pulse chains t of duration to time ratio T: t/T=1/n, where 1≤n≤5 is an integer.

EFFECT: enhanced and more effective electrical myostimulation.

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Description

The invention relates to medicine and is intended for the development of muscle strength and regulation of human body weight.

A known method of stimulation of the motor apparatus of an athlete (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1344356, 1982), in which to increase the strength and amplitude of muscle contraction, muscle antagonists are subjected to vibration stimulation, and synergistic muscles are subjected to electrical stimulation.

The method turned out to be ineffective due to the fact that the antagonist muscles do not receive enough load, and the synergist muscles can be injured during the load.

There is also a known method of developing muscle strength (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 492228, 1977), when under the influence of electrical impulses the extensor muscles tend to extend the limb segment, and the patient stimulated by volitional effort, using the flexor muscles, bend the same limb segment.

However, this method is not universal enough and also not effective enough, since the scope of muscle groups to be affected is limited.

There is a method of treating patients with obesity (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1052237, 1982), in which the region of the rectus muscles of the patient’s abdomen and thighs is affected by sinusoidal modulated currents in an alternating mode with a frequency modulation of 20-30 Hz and a modulation depth of 70-100%, strength a current of 15-20 mA for 10-15 minutes daily against a low-calorie diet.

However, the method is applicable only with a low-calorie diet and is suitable for use on a limited number of muscle groups.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is a method of developing a person’s muscle strength and regulating his body weight, carried out by electrical stimulation training using a device of the type “Stimulus-1” (passport, VNIIMP, 1977). To stimulate the muscles, an alternating sinusoidal modulated sound current of 2000 Hz with amplitude modulation at a frequency of 50 Hz and a modulation depth of 100% is used, while the front of rise and fall of the pulse with an interval of 0.1-0.9 s. The strength of the annoying current is limited by the patient himself (to the tolerable limit). In the vast majority of cases, such a current provides an involuntary muscle contraction greater than with an arbitrary (volitional) contraction of the irritated muscle, up to the maximum. When training atrophied muscles, the value of the maximum transferred current is 1.5-2 times greater than when stimulating healthy muscles.

The training procedure consists of several repeated stimulations until the muscle is completely tired.

However, the disadvantage of this method is a single-channel effect on stimulated muscles, while the method is not very effective when exposed to a large number of muscle groups. More effective is the sequential stimulation of the trained muscles in one session. From a medical and physiological point of view, sequential stimulation provides, firstly, more favorable conditions for the blood supply to the stimulated muscles compared to single-channel stimulation, and, secondly, the “electric field” acts on the patient less than with prolonged single-channel stimulation of several muscle groups.

The problem solved by the invention is to create a method of electrical stimulation training, devoid of the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result provided by the invention is to expand the functionality of the method of electrical stimulation while increasing its effectiveness.

This is achieved by the fact that the effect is carried out by multichannel multiple stimulations K ranging from 1 to 10, by an alternating sinusoidal current with a frequency of 2200-2500 Hz with amplitude modulation with a frequency of 40-70 Hz, and the effect is carried out continuously by sending pulses t with a ratio of duration to repetition period T : t / T = 1 / n, where 1≤n≤5 is an integer.

The duration of the bursts of pulses t and the repetition periods of the bursts T is selected depending on the muscle being trained and the task. The following modes are used (in seconds): "2.5-2.5"; "2.5-5"; "5.0-10.0"; "10.0-50.0".

So, for example, for the development of muscle strength and regulation of the body’s dimensions, the training regime “10.0-50.0” is used with a current strength that causes maximum or close to maximum reduction. If the patient has excess fat mass, then the following modes are used: training regimen “10.0-50.0” with 8-10 repeated stimulations with maximum muscle contraction and massage regimen “2.5-2.5" for 3-4 minutes with muscle contraction power of 80-90% of the maximum value in training mode. When relieving fatigue after hard physical work and in order to increase working capacity, the “5.0-10.0” mode is used for 5 minutes with maximum muscle contraction, then the “2.5-2.5” massage mode for 5 minutes with force reduction to 70-80% of the maximum value.

Schemes for conducting electrical stimulation trainings of the muscle apparatus in a weekly cycle from 3 to 5 sessions with 1-2 days of break depending on the patient population (highly qualified athletes; people engaged or not engaged in physical education; patients with excess fat mass or insufficient muscle tissue), from specifics of the sport, the period of preparation (preparatory, pre-competition, etc.).

The achievement of the following technical results is determined by its combination of essential features.

1. This method, as a means of strength training of muscles, can be used both additional to general physical training, and independent. Compared to natural strength training, with less time and for a shorter period of time (4-6 weeks), it allows you to achieve a greater effect in the development and improvement of the functionality of the muscular system not only in physically active people and athletes, but also in people with average statistics physical abilities:

- increases muscle strength (up to 25%) and reduces the time of its manifestation (up to 45%), provides an increase in the "explosive" strength of the muscles of the hands (up to 18-20%) and legs (up to 66%), speed-strength endurance, for example, hands (up to 12-15%);

- increases the efficiency and power of the training work performed while stabilizing the activity of energy supply systems and reducing the activity of the cardiovascular system of the human body (this is the effect of economizing the activity of body systems);

- the muscle diameter increases by 10-15%, and in contrast to strength training in vivo this occurs due to approximately the same increase in the cross-sectional area of fast and slow muscle fibers;

- the increase in muscle strength remains almost unchanged for 3-4 months, depending on the level of physical activity;

- An increase in muscle strength occurs without a decrease in the speed properties of muscles and coordination skills;

- develops intermuscular coordination, improves muscle plasticity;

- allows you to selectively act on the main muscle groups, on muscles that are lagging behind in their strength development, as well as on muscles that are difficult to resist to natural strength training;

- restores the immune defense system of the body due to the production of immunoglobulin J by the interstitial tissue;

- significantly increases the overall performance of the body, including sports.

2. Means for correcting body composition, reducing excess fat mass and preventing cellulite:

- reduces the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer over stimulated muscles and volumes in various parts of the body (on average from 2 to 18 cm);

- changes the percentage ratio (up to 15%) of fat and skeletal muscle mass in the body in favor of muscles.

3. An effective tool to strengthen the muscular system in diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which are associated with insufficient muscle strength and occur, for example, in posture disorders (scoliosis, scoliotic deformation), post-traumatic, degenerative changes. This method restores the imbalance in the muscles of the agonist-synergist antagonists.

Selectively acting on a particular muscle group, especially difficult to access for natural physical exertion, in the absence of vertical and axial load on the spine, the proposed method allows to significantly strengthen the muscular system after fractures, bruises, sprains and sports injuries.

During the period of forced inactivity caused by trauma, pain syndrome or prolonged therapeutic diseases, it is necessary to train the main muscle groups in this way to create, maintain and improve muscle corset.

4. Means of correction of age-related changes in muscles and ligaments, prevention of physical inactivity and myofibrosis.

EXAMPLES

1. Athlete D., master of sports of international class, born in 1983, candidate for the Olympic team of the Russian Federation in water polo.

At the beginning and at the end of the course of electrical stimulation training of muscles, comprehensive testing was carried out, including:

- anthropometric examination;

- caliperometry;

- heart rate and timekeeping;

- special methods for assessing the speed-strength qualities of athletes (the level of "explosive" strength of arms and legs, speed-strength endurance of the hands);

- assessment of the activity of anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid system);

- electrocardiography of the heart before performing physical activity (assessing speed-power qualities) and after lying and standing (orthoprobe);

- mathematical-statistical and graphical research methods.

Twenty four sessions of stimulation of the main muscle groups were performed - the latissimus and trapezius muscles of the back, the gluteus maximus, the gluteus maximus muscle, the rectus abdominis muscle, the quadriceps adductus femoris muscle, the pectoralis major muscle, the deltoid, triceps, biceps muscles of the shoulder, and calf muscles of the calf. This method of strength training stimulated muscles specific for water polo players, on the one hand, and inaccessible for natural strength training, on the other. These are muscles that straighten the spine, obliques, lower abdominal muscles, rhomboid muscles of the back, flexor muscles of the leg, soleus muscle of the leg, flexor muscles and extensors of the hand, plantar muscles and extensors of the toes of the foot.

As a result of the course, a positive dynamics of indicators was noted:

- “explosive” leg strength: the force gradient increased by 63.7% due to an increase in the maximum repulsive force by 13.2% and a decrease in the time of manifestation of this force by 44.6%;

- “explosive” hand strength: the indicator increased by 16.4%;

- speed-strength endurance of the hands: the indicator increased by 6.1%;

- the power rate of a single reduction in hands increased by 4.1%;

- an increase in work efficiency in a 5-minute test was noted against the background of stabilization of the activity of the functioning of energy supply systems and a decrease in the activity of the cardiovascular system, which indicates a more economical mode of the body.

According to caliperometry at the end of the course:

- decreased skin-fat folds on the back (by 2 cm), on the thigh (by 1.5 cm), on the chest (1.5 cm);

- increased volumes of the shoulder (by 3 cm), forearms (by 1 cm) and lower leg (by 1 cm);

- the ratio of body composition has changed: body weight increased by 1.4 kg due to an increase in active cell mass, in particular skeletal muscle mass.

2. Patient B., 36 years old, weight 125 kg, height: 193 cm.

At the beginning of the course, every week during the course and at the end of the course, an anthropometric examination was carried out, body composition assessment (bio-impedance analysis). According to the initial data of this diagnosis, the patient: 41.4 kg (33.1%) of fat mass, 41.7 kg (49.9%) of muscle mass, 48.1 kg of active cell mass, 61.2 kg of total fluid.

36 sessions were conducted, stimulated the main muscle groups and muscles, inaccessible for natural strength training.

As a result of the course:

- the patient's weight decreased by 11 kg;

- waist and hips circumference decreased by 9 cm and 7 cm, respectively;

- active cell mass and muscle mass decreased by 1.2 kg and 1.4 kg, respectively, due to a loss of total fluid of 2.9 kg;

- fat mass decreased by 7 kg.

After 7 months, a second course was conducted - 32 sessions.

Compared to the results of the previous course:

- the patient's weight decreased by another 12 kg;

- waist and hips circumference decreased by 7 cm and 4 cm, respectively;

- the active cell mass decreased by 4.5 kg due to the loss of total fluid by 3.1 kg with stable muscle mass, which is very important in the process of correcting body composition;

- fat mass decreased by another 7.8 kg.

It should be noted that the patient did not sag the skin, did not form cellulite stretch marks.

In general, according to the bioimpedance analysis of body composition in one year, patient B. lost 23 kg of his weight, 15.5 kg of fat mass, 6 kg of total fluid, while the qualitative characteristics of muscle mass changed, not quantitative ones.

Thus, the proposed method in combination with a weekly assessment of body composition is highly effective for the prevention of excess fat mass without loss of muscle component, as well as in cases of prevention of age-related changes.

Claims (1)

A method of electrostimulation training of muscles, including exposure to muscles with currents of sound frequency, characterized in that the effect is carried out multichannel on muscle groups with multiple stimulations K ranging from 1 to 10, an alternating sinusoidal current with a frequency of 2200-2500 Hz and amplitude modulation with a frequency of 40-70 Hz, exposure is carried out continuously by sending pulses t with the ratio of the duration to the repetition period T: t / T = 1 / n, where 1≤n≤5 is an integer.