RU2304382C2 - Pig keeping method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves raising animals in brooder of isolated sections, with transition through said sections being provided according to processing order; forming mini-herds from pigs of adjacent brooders by providing for visual communication and immediate contacting therebetween, with beginning of said contacting being regulated by opening of passageways in partition walls of adjacent brooders.

EFFECT: reduced stress during pig grouping, increased animal productivity, and reduced pig raising time.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture of the invention and is intended for keeping pigs in specialized premises at the stages of reproduction and their cultivation.

A known method of raising animals and a device for its implementation according to the standard project 802-225 and 802-277 Institute Giproniiselkhoz for 1976. Under this project, pigsties of the reproductive and fattening workshops are located in two large-sized buildings measuring 73 × 306, 78 × 276. Between themselves, these buildings are connected by a gallery. Inside, they are divided along the continuation of the gallery, on both sides of which are specialized rooms-sections for various sex and age groups of animals.

The technology of keeping animals is 3-phase. Production rhythm 2 days. Heavily uterine uterus in the amount of 33 animals is transferred every two days to the farrowing section 7 days before they are performed. After farrowing, 3 uterus are returned to the section for single uterus as infertile, and the rest remain in the farrowing section until weaning piglets at the age of 26 days. After weaning, the piglets are kept in farrowing machines for about 5 days, and the sows are immediately sent to sections for single queens to repeat reproduction. After the end of the term of keeping the piglets in the farrowing section, they are transferred to the growing section. Each section holds 600 heads of weaned piglets. Therefore, it is filled for four days. In the growing section, piglets are kept up to 112 days of age. Then they are transferred to the fattening workshop. Each section of the fattening workshop holds 600 piglets. One such section is filled in 4 days. Piglets are fed up to 228 days of age. All animal hauls are carried out in the gallery.

Pigs of all age and sex groups are kept in isolated sections, in individual and group machines, equipped with wickets, feeders, bowel movements and walkways for staff.

Driving pigs from sections to sections is forced: pigs are driven out of machine tools into walkways, and through them, into communication galleries, through which pigs are distilled into subsequent (technology) isolated sections.

At the beginning of the process of growing piglets, suckers are kept in sowing farms for sows up to 26 days of age, then they are taken away from the queens, which are transferred to rest, and kept in these same machines until 32 days of age. During this time, the waste of piglets-suckers is 7-8%. Then the piglets are transferred to the growing area until 112 days of age. On this site group machines with a capacity of 25 heads are provided. Each machine has three continuous partitions, and the fourth, front one consists of a gate and self-feeders for dry feed. At the back of the machine is a bowel movement. In each machine, piglets are formed according to the exterior - according to the mass and size of the body of the piglets.

The disadvantages of the known method and device for growing pigs are as follows.

1. When transferring piglets from section to section according to the technological order, the groups are disbanded and re-created by selecting piglets of the same mass. The newly formed groups adapt to each other and leadership is established after a ranking struggle. During adaptation, the piglets do not give mass gain. In addition, often the struggle ends with painful injuries.

2. Large energy and labor costs for moving animals.

3. Animals are subject to negative stress due to forced passage from section to section and from building to building according to the technological order and production rhythm.

Thus, when transferring piglets from farrowing sections to weaning piglets, they are exposed to stresses from the disbandment of the initial groups, from transferring them to subsequent sections, from changing the old machines to the new one and from the formed new group, 2.5 times the initial one. All this combined is accompanied by a hierarchical struggle for leadership. All this reduces the productivity of piglets. Loss of piglets in this area is 2-3%.

Similar conditions are created when transferring weaned piglets to the feeding sector. During the transfer, the weak piglets are rejected and the groups are formed up to 25 goals. in the 1st machine.

Each feedlot machine is made of solid partitions, a side feeder, a bowel movement in the back of the machine, and wickets in the front. Loss of piglets in this area is 1.5-2%.

The closest analogue is the method of keeping pigs and a device for its implementation, patent (RF patent No. 1746968 A01K 67/02 of 12/26/89).

The method for keeping pigs includes raising animals sequentially in isolated sections, the duration of keeping animals during cultivation in each section is the same, and the number of stages (sections) is determined by the formula K = T / τ, where T is the total duration of keeping animals, days; τ is the duration of the farrowing stage, days, moreover, the animals are transferred from section to section by their independent free transition using the food search reflex, while the feed is fed to the feeders of the subsequent section and at the same time open the manholes in the partitions between the sections.

The device for keeping pigs includes sections isolated from each other with machine tools for animals, equipped with manholes and wickets, and technological passages, the number of machines in each section being the same and equal to the number of machines in the farrowing section, all the machines being equal in width, and the length of the machines is determined by the formula I = S / b. Where S is the standard area of the machine of the I-th section, I - 1, 2, 3 ...; b is the width of the machine, while the machines in the section are placed in one or two rows, and the sections are parallel

The method for keeping pigs includes raising animals sequentially in isolated sections, the duration of the keeping of which is the same.

The transfer of animals from section to section is carried out by independent free transition using the food search reflex, in which the feed is fed to the feeders of the subsequent section and at the same time open the manholes in the partitions between the sections.

A device for keeping pigs is known, comprising isolated sections with passages and with machines equipped with feeders, defecation zones, solid partitions, wickets and manholes in the partitions between the sections.

This device allows for the independent transition of pigs from section to section through all technological stages of cultivation and feeding them through manholes in the partitions between them under the influence of a feed search reflex. Since in the known device the machines of the previous sections are located opposite the machines of the subsequent sections, then during all periods of growing and fattening the groups of pigs remain unchanged, excluding the natural loss (loss) of animals.

The disadvantages of this device are, firstly, the limited variation in the number of pigs in machine groups, for example, when using dry feed for feeding pigs of all ages, it is advisable to use automatic self-feeders, which are designed to service from 30 to 70 heads. For pig farms with groups of lactating queens less than 30 heads, this effective equipment is unacceptable, since it does not allow forming the required groups of pigs, and the simple use of this technological equipment will not be rational, since it is designed for a large number of serviced pigs.

Secondly, between piglets, during the formation of groups of animals in subsequent machines, after the farrowing section, an acute rank struggle occurs. As a result of this struggle, stressful situations and injuries arise that lead to a decrease in the productivity of piglets and do not allow the creation of a ministad from piglets of adjacent machines.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the method of keeping pigs from birth to completion of fattening by creating the required ministad from several groups.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the method of keeping pigs includes raising animals in isolated sections, the transition through which is carried out according to the technological order, and suckling piglets from adjacent machines are formed into a mini-farm by creating the possibility of visual contact and a gradual independent transition from machine to machine, the beginning of which is regulated by the opening of manholes in their partitions.

New significant features are as follows.

1. Creating the possibility of suckling piglets from adjacent machines to form in a ministad by visual contact and a gradual independent transition from machine to machine through manholes in these partitions.

2. The beginning of direct contact is regulated by opening the manhole.

The listed new essential features, together with the known ones, are necessary and sufficient to achieve a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

The technical result is as follows.

The struggle for leadership in piglets appears immediately after birth and ends after 3-4 weeks when feeding them with sows milk. With early weaning of piglets from the uterus to 3 weeks, the struggle for leadership ceases earlier, since when using group feeders, the struggle for feed places does not occur - everything is common. The ranking struggle of piglets at an early stage of their development is less acute and without any complications and in a shorter time. With the growth of piglets, the ranking struggle occurs more acutely, with more severe consequences and in a longer time due to a sharp increase in the activity of piglets during their growth.

According to the proposed method, suckling pigs, by virtue of curiosity, desire for communication and hierarchical ranking (establishing leadership), get to know each other visually, for example, through the lattice parts of partitions between adjacent machines and gradually pass from one machine to another through manholes in these partitions for direct contacting.

The formed group of piglets from animals of several machines is a mini-herd with its leader, and when moving to the machines of the section of the next growing period, hierarchical ranking is no longer required. Piglets behave calmly and follow the previously established orders; stressful situations do not arise.

With further cultivation, piglets of new ministacks from adjacent machines contact each other, for example, through the lattice parts of the inter-station partitions visually.

This method of keeping pigs allows you to increase their productivity, to avoid damage to the skins and meat (bruises, wounds), which always accompany feuds when establishing leadership in the herd. All this helps to increase the quantity and quality of products.

At the same time, if groups of piglets from adjacent machines are easy to mix, without using the method of gradual getting used to each other, then in the new ministad a rank struggle will take place for some time until leadership is established. This struggle is accompanied by injuries and stresses, resulting in reduced animal productivity.

In contrast to the known methods and devices for keeping pigs, the new method and the new device allow, in a shorter time, to minimize the effect of stress by grouping piglets at an early stage immediately after birth. At a later age of piglets, the manifestation of rank struggle occurs more sharply and with great complications due to the sharply increasing activity of piglets with their growth.

It is possible to group the piglets of adjacent machines and at the stages following the farrowing stage.

The feasibility of forming ministands is limited by the rationality of using all the functional properties of technological equipment.

If automatic feeders are used, it must be taken into account that they can serve from 30 to 70 pigs. Therefore, the formation of ministands should be limited to 3 sections, since the herd already consists of more than 70 goals.

At the end of the feeding, the piglets should be sent to the processing station (slaughterhouse or meat processing plant) by the already formed ministries in order to exclude the rank struggle at this stage.

In general, when applying the new method of keeping pigs and devices for its implementation, the productivity of animals increases by 7-10% and the duration of growing pigs is reduced by 20-30 days.

Figure 1 shows a device for implementing the method of keeping pigs grouped by ministad. Figure 2 shows a hole with a flap.

A device for implementing the method consists of sections 1, 2, 3 adjacent to each other. In each section there are machines 4, 5, 6 for keeping pigs. In these machines, gates 7, 8 are provided for animals to enter and exit the passages 9, 10. Each machine has feeders 11, 12 and animal defecation zones 13, 14. In section 1, the feeders 11 are individual, and in section 2, self-feeders for dry compound feeds 12. In the partitions between sections 15, 16, manholes 17, 18 are provided for independent transfer of pigs from the previous to the next section according to the technological order, and for the formation of 4 grouped ministands from animal groups of adjacent machines in the partitions 19 of these machines except the lattice part 20, manholes are provided in the defecation zone 13. A part of the partitions 22 of the machines 5 above the defecation zone 14 is lattice 23. To overlap the manhole 21, shutters 24 with guides 25 and a lever 26 are provided. For fixing the positions of the shutter 24, a latch 27 is provided.

An example of a 3-stage animal welfare.

A group of pregnant sows 1-2 days before farrowing is delivered to section 1. After farrowing, the sows are kept with sucking pigs.

During this period, the sucking pigs through the grating part 20 of the partition 19 between adjacent machines 4 are contacted visually, and through the manholes 21 in the same partitions pass from the machine to the machine for direct contact. To do this, using the lever 26, raise the shutter 24 in the guides 25 and fix it with the latch 27 to the partition 19. During contacts between the piglets, a rank-and-file struggle for leadership takes place. It begins immediately after the birth of piglets and ends by 3-4 weeks of age. The first direct contact should be made at the age of 7-14 days. After the piglets get used to each other and the rank struggle is completed, the shutters 24 are opened for continuous operation. As a result, grouped ministands are formed from groups of piglets of adjacent machines 4.

With these grouped ministads, the piglets go through all subsequent stages of growing and fattening, during which the pigs visually contact each other through the trellised parts 23 of the partitions 22 of the adjacent machines 5 of section 2.

Such a device of the lattice part in the partitions of adjacent machines for visual contact of piglets is possible at any stages of keeping animals.

After the pigs reach slaughtering conditions, the piglets are sent to meat processing plants or to slaughterhouses, where they are delivered by a ministad or form delivery groups from ministands of adjacent machines, the leadership of which has already been established. Therefore, stressful situations are much simplified, since the ministad from adjacent machines previously contacted each other visually, for example through the lattice parts of the partitions between the machines.

In contrast to the known methods and devices for keeping pigs, the new method and the new device allow, in a shorter time, to minimize the effect of stress by grouping piglets at an early stage immediately after birth. At a later age of piglets, the manifestation of rank struggle occurs more acutely and with great complications due to the sharply increasing activity of piglets with their growth.

It is possible to group the piglets of adjacent machines and at the stages following the farrowing stage.

Returning to a specific example of the 3-stage pig maintenance, it would be possible to use the holes in the partitions of adjacent machines 15 at the 2nd stage in section 2 and form from the groups of piglets of adjacent machines the ministad No. 2 for machines of the 3rd stage of cultivation in section 3.

The feasibility of forming ministands is limited by the rationality of using all the functional properties of technological equipment.

If automatic feeders are used, it must be taken into account that they can serve from 30 to 70 pigs. Therefore, the formation of ministands should be limited to 3 sections, since the herd already consists of more than 70 goals.

At the end of the feeding, the piglets should be sent to the processing station (slaughterhouse or meat processing plant) by the already formed ministries in order to exclude the rank struggle at this stage.

In general, when applying the new method of keeping pigs and devices for its implementation, the productivity of animals increases by 7-10% and the duration of growing pigs is reduced by 20-30 days.

Claims (1)

The method of keeping pigs, including the raising of animals in machines in isolated sections, the transition through which is carried out according to the technological order, characterized in that they form a mini-cattle from sucking piglets from adjacent machines by creating the possibility of visual contact and a gradual independent transition from machine to machine, the beginning of which is regulated opening manholes in their partitions.

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