RU2304263C1 - Method of generating cold in absorption-diffusion refrigerating apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: refrigeration engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises supplying strong solution to the generator by means of a steam lift pump actuated by coolant steam supplied from the generator. The pump lifts the solution at a level higher than that of the discharge of the weak solution to the absorber. The generator provides boiling the strong solution in the space between the inner and middle cylinders due to the heat withdrawn from the heater through the space between the fire sleeve and inner cylinder. The space is partially filled with evaporated solution produced by boiling of the strong solution. During the boiling of the strong solution the boiling solution splashes out of the space between the inner and mid cylinders, and then the partially boiled solution is directed to the space between the fire sleeve and inner cylinder through the space between the mid and outer cylinders.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

Description

The invention relates to household refrigeration and can be widely used in domestic refrigerators equipped with absorption-diffusion refrigeration units (ADHA).

There is a known method by which ADHA works (RF Patent No. 2038548, IPC: 6 F25В 15/10, 1995), comprising a cylindrical boiler body with a refrigerant vapor outlet fitting, a cylindrical heat exchanger shell with a weak solution outlet fitting, an absorber, three cylinders, forming annular gaps between themselves and the body, an electric heater.

The disadvantage of this method is its low profitability.

A known prototype method by which ADHA works (RF Patent No. 2207473, IPC: 7 F25B 15/10, 2003), comprising a boiler body with a refrigerant vapor outlet fitting, a heat exchanger shell with a weak solution outlet fitting, an absorber and three cylinders, ring gaps forming between themselves and the housing, the inner cylinder being made with a muffled lower end, hermetically connected to the housing, and an electric heater is placed in it, while the upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder are hermetically connected respectively to the inner and middle cylinders ami, and the open upper end of the middle cylinder is located with a gap relative to the closed end of the outer cylinder, in addition, there is a steam pipe in the middle cylinder, the upper end of which is brought into the vapor cavity of the gap between the middle and external cylinders, and the lower one is connected with the formation of a water seal to the lift pipe pump. In this case, the heat exchanger casing is mounted on the casing with the formation of a gap, and its upper and lower ends are hermetically connected to the casing, and the liquid cavities of the gaps between the middle and outer cylinders, as well as between the casing and the casing of the heat exchanger, are connected by a pipeline. In addition, the upper end of the lift pipe of the parlift pump is discharged into the steam cavity of the housing, and the lower end is connected with the formation of a water seal to the capacity of the absorber, while the upper part of the gap between the housing and the casing of the heat exchanger is connected via a weak solution outlet fitting to the absorber.

A known method of operation of ADHA is that as a result of heat removal from the electric heater, a strong solution boils in the gap between the middle and inner cylinders, which leads to the exit of the vapor-liquid mixture from the annular gap into the vapor cavity of the outer cylinder. In this case, it is divided into refrigerant vapors and a weak solution. A weak solution in the form of a film flows down the heated middle and outer cylinders, during which it is evaporated. From the gap between the middle and the outer cylinders, the weak solution through the pipeline enters the gap between the casing and the casing of the heat exchanger, from where it is discharged into the absorber through the outlet for the weak solution.

Due to the excess pressure, the refrigerant vapor presses out a strong solution in the steam line and enters the riser pipe of the steam lift pump. In this case, a two-phase mixture is formed, which is fed through the lifting pipe into the steam cavity of the housing.

After the strong solution exits the lift pipe of the parlift pump, it flows down the heated inner cylinder into the gap between the outer cylinder and the housing. When a strong solution moves in the gap between the external cylinder and the body, it is preheated due to the temperature potential of the weak solution in the three-flow heat exchanger formed by the middle and external cylinders, the pipeline, the body, and the heat exchanger casing. Next, a strong solution in the gap between the middle cylinder and the steam pipe enters the gap between the middle and inner cylinders for evaporation.

A strong solution from the tank through the hydraulic lock is supplied to the lower part of the lift pipe of the steam lift pump, which works with the help of refrigerant vapors, and then it is supplied to the upper part of the body cavity.

The disadvantage of this method of operation of ADHA is the high energy consumption in the production of cold due to the insufficient use of the temperature potential of a weak solution for preheating a strong solution.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the daily energy consumption of ADHA due to the efficient use of heat of a weak solution for preheating a strong solution before evaporation.

The problem is solved due to the presence of the following set of essential features.

A method of producing cold in an absorption-diffusion refrigeration unit is carried out by supplying a strong solution to the generator by means of a steam lift pump operating with the help of refrigerant vapor from the generator to a level that is higher than the level of discharge of a weak solution into the absorber. At the same time, a strong solution is boiled in the generator in the gap between the inner and middle cylinders as a result of heat removal from the heater through the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder filled with partially evaporated solution obtained by boiling the strong solution, during which the boiling solution splashes out of the gap between the inner and middle cylinders, after which the partially evaporated solution through the gap between the middle and outer cylinders is sent to the gap between the heat can and friction cylinder, where the final dovyparivanie solution occurs. The weak solution obtained in the process of final evaporation through a drain pipe located in the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder, the upper end of which is not higher than the level of strong solution in the generator and not lower than the heat cup, is sent to the heat exchanger cavity and removed from the generator.

The presented schematic drawing of a refrigeration unit allows you to describe the features of the proposed method for producing cold in ADHA.

в паровую полость кольцевого зазора между корпусом 5 генератора 1 и внешним цилиндром 6 на уровень кипящего крепкого раствора

который выше уровня подачи слабого раствора в абсорбер 7. Внутри корпуса 5 генератора установлены с зазором средний цилиндр 8, внутренний цилиндр 9 и жаровый стакан 10, в котором размещен нагреватель 11.The unit contains a generator 1, the steam cavity of which is connected through a steam line 2 with the formation of a water seal to the riser pipe of the steam lift pump 3, which works from the refrigerant vapor from the generator 1 and delivers a strong solution from the receiver 4 through the water seal at the level

into the vapor cavity of the annular gap between the housing 5 of the generator 1 and the outer cylinder 6 to the level of boiling strong solution

which is higher than the level of supply of a weak solution to the absorber 7. Inside the generator housing 5, a middle cylinder 8, an inner cylinder 9 and a flame cup 10, in which the heater 11 is placed, are installed with a gap.

The upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder 6 are hermetically connected to the flame cup 10 and the lower end of the middle cylinder 8, respectively. The open upper end of the inner cylinder 9 is located above the open upper end of the middle cylinder 8, located below the entrance of the lift pipe of the steam lift pump 3 into the vapor cavity of the gap between the housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6, which is connected through a pipe 12 to an ADHA condenser (not shown), but not below the heat glass.

The upper and lower ends of the generator housing 5 are connected hermetically to the outer cylinder 6 and the lower end of the inner cylinder 9, respectively. Hermetically connected lower ends of the outer cylinder 6 and the middle cylinder 8, as well as the lower ends of the housing 5 and the inner cylinder 9 are arranged with each other to form a gap for the flow of strong solution from the gap between the generator housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6 into the gap between the middle cylinder 8 and the inner cylinder 9.

в паровой полости генератора 1 (на уровне

).A bottom 13 is installed in the lower part of the generator 1, hermetically connected to the lower end of the generator housing 5 and with a gap relative to the lower end of the inner cylinder 9, which ensures that a weak solution from the liquid cavity of the gap between the outer cylinder 6 and the middle cylinder 8 enters the cavity of the inner cylinder 9 through connecting tube 14. In addition, a drain pipe 15 is sealed on the bottom 13 and is located in the cavity of the inner cylinder 9 and in the gap between the heat cup 10 and the inner cylinder 9, the upper end of which th is located not higher than the level of strong solution

in the steam cavity of the generator 1 (at

)

On the housing 5 of the generator with the formation of the gap hermetically fixed casing 16 of the heat exchanger 17, installed with a gap relative to the bottom 13.

The upper part of the heat exchanger 17 is connected to the absorber 7 through a pipe 18.

To reduce heat loss, the generator 1 is closed by thermal insulation (not shown).

The work of ADHA is as follows.

The internal cavity of ADHA is evacuated and filled with a water-ammonia solution and hydrogen according to known parameters and proportions.

As a result of heat removal from the heater 11 through the gap between the flame cup 10 and the inner cylinder 9, filled with a weak solution, a strong solution in the gap between the inner cylinder 9 and the middle cylinder 8 boils. During boiling, the boiling solution splashes out into the gap between the middle cylinder 8 and the outer cylinder 6, according to which the partially evaporated solution through the connecting tube 14 enters the cavity of the inner cylinder 9 according to the law of communicating vessels and then into the gap between the heat cup 10 and the inner cylinder 9, where its final evaporation takes place. The weak solution resulting from the process of final evaporation through the drain pipe 15 enters the heat exchanger 17 and then is supplied to the absorber 7 through the pipe 18.

) и поступает в подъемную трубу парлифтного насоса 3. При этом образуется двухфазная смесь, которая по подъемной трубе подается в паровую полость зазора между корпусом 5 генератора и внешним цилиндром 6, где происходит разделение крепкого раствора и паров хладагента, которые через патрубок 12 поступают в конденсатор АДХА, где сжижаются. Жидкий хладагент далее стекает в испаритель АДХА (не показан), в котором кипит при низком давлении, производя холодильный эффект. Образовавшаяся холодная парогазовая смесь (ПГС) по трубе 19 через ресивер 4 поступает в абсорбер 7.Due to the excess pressure of the refrigerant vapor resulting from boiling of the strong solution, the strong solution is squeezed through the steam line through the steam trap (level

) and enters the riser pipe of the steam lift pump 3. This creates a two-phase mixture, which is fed through the riser pipe to the steam cavity of the gap between the generator housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6, where the strong solution and the refrigerant vapor are separated, which pass through the nozzle 12 to the condenser ADHA, where liquefied. The liquid refrigerant then flows into the ADXA evaporator (not shown), in which it boils at low pressure, producing a refrigerating effect. The resulting cold vapor-gas mixture (ASG) through the pipe 19 through the receiver 4 enters the absorber 7.

The weak solution fed to the absorber 7 from the upper part of the heat exchanger 17 during the runoff absorbs ammonia vapors from the ASG, and almost pure hydrogen enters the ADXA evaporator. The strong solution resulting from absorption accumulates in the receiver 4 and, through the steam lift pump 3, is fed into the gap between the generator housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6, through which it enters the gap between the inner cylinder 9 and the middle cylinder 8. After that, the ADHA working cycle is repeated.

который выше уровня

слива слабого раствора в абсорбер 7. При этом в генераторе 1 обеспечивается кипение крепкого раствора в зазоре между внутренним цилиндром 9 и средним цилиндром 8 в результате отвода тепла от нагревателя 11 через зазор между жаровым стаканом 10 и внутренним цилиндром 9, заполненным частично выпаренным раствором, полученным при кипении крепкого раствора, в процессе которого происходит выплескивание кипящего раствора из зазора между внутренним цилиндром 9 и средним цилиндром 8. После этого частично выпаренный раствор через зазор между средним цилиндром 8 и внешним цилиндром 6 направляют в зазор между жаровым стаканом 10 и внутренним цилиндром 9, где происходит окончательное довыпаривание раствора.Thus, the essence of the claimed method for producing cold in ADHA consists in supplying a strong solution to the generator 1 by means of a steam lift pump 3 operating with the help of refrigerant vapor from the generator 1, to the level

which is above level

the weak solution is drained into the absorber 7. In this case, a strong solution is boiled in the generator 1 in the gap between the inner cylinder 9 and the middle cylinder 8 as a result of heat removal from the heater 11 through the gap between the frying cup 10 and the inner cylinder 9 filled with partially evaporated solution obtained when boiling a strong solution, during which the boiling solution is splashed out of the gap between the inner cylinder 9 and the middle cylinder 8. After this, the partially evaporated solution through the gap between the middle ilindrom 8 and outer cylinder 6 is directed into the gap between the flame cup 10 and the inner cylinder 9, wherein the final dovyparivanie solution occurs.

крепкого раствора генератора 1 и не ниже жарового стакана 10, направляют в полость теплообменника 17 и выводят из генератора 1.The weak solution obtained in the process of final evaporation through a drain pipe 15 located in the gap between the heat cup 10 and the inner cylinder 9, the upper end of which is not higher than the level

strong solution of the generator 1 and not lower than the heat glass 10, is sent to the cavity of the heat exchanger 17 and removed from the generator 1.

Thus, the proposed method for producing cold in ADHA allows you to organize such a working cycle of the unit, in which a deep heat recovery occurs between the circulating solutions in the generator and ensures the efficient use of the heat of a weak solution for preheating a strong solution before evaporation, and thereby reduce energy consumption during production cold.

The economic feasibility of the practical implementation of the proposed method for producing cold in ADHA consists in reducing the daily energy consumption of household refrigerators due to the efficient utilization of heat.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing cold in an absorption-diffusion refrigeration unit by supplying a strong solution to the generator by means of a steam lift pump operating with refrigerant vapor from the generator to a level that is higher than the level of discharge of the weak solution into the absorber, characterized in that the generator provides strong boiling solution in the gap between the inner and middle cylinders as a result of heat removal from the heater through the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder filled with a partially evaporated solution, the floor when boiling a strong solution, during which boiling solution is splashed out from the gap between the inner and middle cylinders, after which the partially evaporated solution is sent through the gap between the middle and outer cylinders to the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder, where the final evaporation of the solution takes place. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the resulting weak solution obtained in the process of final evaporation through a drain pipe located in the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder, the upper end of which is not higher than the level of strong solution in the generator and not lower than the heat cup, sent to the cavity of the heat exchanger and removed from the generator.