RU2352873C1 - Method of obtaining cold in absorptive-diffusion cooling unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating.

SUBSTANCE: method of obtaining cold can be used in domestic refrigerators, equipped with absorptive-diffusion cooling units (ADCU). The method lies in the feeding a strong solution into generator 1 through a steam-lift pump 3, operation with the help of vapour of the coolant from the generator at the level ∇a, which is higher than level ∇b of the discharge of the weak solution in absorber 7. Boiling of the strong solution is ensured in the generator in the clearance between the inner 10 and middle 9 cylinders due to the removal of heat from the heater 12 through the clearance between the heat container 11 and the inner cylinder, filled partially with the evaporated solution, obtained during the heating of the strong solution, in the process of which occurs the spillage of the boiling solution from the clearance between the inner and middle cylinders. After this the partially evaporated solution between the middle and intermediate 8 cylinders are directed to the clearance between the heat container and the inner cylinder, where the final evaporation of the solution takes place with it level higher than the level ∇a of the strong solution in the generator and not lower than the heat container. Weak solution obtained is directed to the cooled channel of the heat exchanger (in the clearance between the intermediate 8 and the outer 6 cylinders), which is connected to the line of the weak solution between the cavity of boiling partially evaporated solution (clearance between the heat container and the inner cylinder 10 and carbine 18 for removing the weak solution from the generator to the absorber).

EFFECT: daily power consumption is reduced.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to household refrigeration and may find application in domestic refrigerators equipped with absorption-diffusion refrigeration units (ADHA).

There is a known method by which ADHA works (RF patent No. 2207473, IPC F25B 15/10), comprising a boiler body with a refrigerant vapor outlet fitting, a heat exchanger shell with a weak solution outlet, an absorber and three cylinders forming annular gaps between themselves and the housing, moreover, the inner cylinder is made with a muffled bottom end, hermetically connected to the housing, and an electric heater is placed in it, while the upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder are hermetically connected respectively to the inner and middle cylinders, and open in rhny medium cylinder end is located with a gap relative to the closed end of the outer cylinder, furthermore, the cylinder is the average steam pipe whose upper end is withdrawn into the steam cavity gap between the middle and outer cylinders and the bottom connected to form a water seal for the riser parliftnogo pump. In this case, the heat exchanger casing is mounted on the casing with the formation of a gap, and its upper and lower ends are hermetically connected to the casing, and the liquid cavities of the gaps between the middle and outer cylinders, as well as between the casing and the casing of the heat exchanger, are connected by a pipeline. In addition, the upper end of the lift pipe of the parlift pump is brought out into the steam cavity of the housing, and the lower end is connected with the formation of a water seal to the absorber tank, while the upper part of the gap between the housing and the heat exchanger casing is connected via the outlet of the weak solution to the absorber.

As a result of heat removal from the electric heater, a strong solution in the gap between the middle and inner cylinders boils, which leads to the exit of the vapor-liquid mixture from the annular gap into the vapor cavity of the outer cylinder. In this case, it is divided into refrigerant vapors and a weak solution. A weak solution in the form of a film flows down the heated middle and outer cylinders, during which it is evaporated. From the gap between the middle and the outer cylinders, the weak solution through the pipeline enters the gap between the casing and the casing of the heat exchanger, from where it is discharged into the absorber through the outlet for the weak solution.

The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption of the unit during the production of cold due to the insufficient use of the temperature potential of a weak solution for preheating a strong solution.

As a prototype, the method of producing cold in ADHA (RF patent No. 2304263, IPC F25B 15/10) was selected by supplying a strong solution to the generator by means of a steam pump working with the help of refrigerant vapor from the generator to a level that is higher than the level of discharge of a weak solution into the absorber . At the same time, a strong solution is boiled in the generator in the gap between the inner and middle cylinders as a result of heat removal from the heater through the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder filled with partially evaporated solution obtained by boiling the strong solution, during which the boiling solution splashes out of the gap between the inner and middle cylinders, after which the partially evaporated solution through the gap between the middle and outer cylinders is sent to the gap between the heat can and friction cylinder, where the final dovyparivanie solution occurs. The weak solution obtained in the process of final evaporation through a drain pipe located in the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder, the upper end of which is not higher than the level of strong solution in the generator and not lower than the heat cup, is sent to the heat exchanger cavity and removed from the generator.

The disadvantage of this method is the high power consumption of the unit during the production of cold due to the need to install a drain pipe in the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder, which increases the boiling cavity of a weak solution and, accordingly, the time for the ADHA to reach the stationary mode of operation, provided that the unit is turned on and off periodically, those. the daily energy consumption of ADHA will not be minimized, ceteris paribus (heater power, parameters of refueling ADHA with the working fluid, the identity of the structures of the other main units of the unit - the absorber, evaporator and condenser).

The objective of the invention is to reduce the daily energy consumption of ADHA by minimizing the time the unit goes to a stationary mode of operation due to a decrease in the width of the gaps with solutions during heat transfer.

The task is achieved due to the presence of the following set of essential features.

A method of producing cold in an absorption-diffusion refrigeration unit is carried out by supplying a strong solution to the generator by means of a steam lift pump operating with the help of refrigerant vapor from the generator. The generator provides boiling of a strong solution in the gap between the inner and middle cylinders as a result of heat removal from the heater through the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder filled with partially evaporated solution. In the process of boiling a strong solution, partially evaporated solution is splashed out, which is sent to the gap between the middle and intermediate cylinders and then into the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder, from which, during boiling, the weak solution is splashed into the cooled channel of the heat exchanger, included in the weak solution line between the boiling cavity of the partially evaporated solution and the fitting for withdrawing a weak solution from the generator to the absorber. The process of final evaporation of the partially evaporated solution in the gap between the glass and the inner cylinder is carried out at a solution level above the level of a strong solution in the generator and not lower than the glass.

The drawing shows a refrigeration unit, allowing to implement the inventive method of producing cold in ADHA.

ADHA contains a generator 1, the steam cavity of which is connected through a steam line 2 with the formation of a water seal to the riser pipe of the steam lift pump 3, which works from the refrigerant vapor from the generator 1 and feeds a strong solution from the receiver 4 through the water seal at level ∇ to the vapor cavity of the annular gap between the housing 5 generator 1 and an external cylinder 6 to the level of a boiling strong solution ∇a, which is higher than the level ∇b of supplying a weak solution to the absorber 7. Inside the generator case 5, an intermediate cylinder 8, medium the bottom cylinder 9, the inner cylinder 10 and the flame cup 11, in which the heater 12 is placed.

The upper and lower ends of the outer cylinder 6 are hermetically connected to the flame cup 11 and the lower end of the intermediate cylinder 8, respectively. The open upper end of the inner cylinder 10 is located above the open upper end of the middle cylinder 9, located below the entrance of the lift pipe of the steam lift pump 3 into the steam cavity of the gap between the housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6, which is connected via a reflux condenser 13 to the ADHA condenser (not shown), but not lower than the glass 11.

The upper end of the generator housing 5 is connected hermetically to the outer cylinder 6, and its lower end is hermetically closed by the bottom 14, located with a gap between the bottom 15 of the casing 16 of the heat exchanger and the sealed lower end of the inner cylinder 10.

The presence of a gap between the sealed lower end of the inner cylinder 10 and the bottom 14 of the generator housing 5 ensures that a strong solution gets from the gap between the generator housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6 into the gap between the middle 9 and the inner 10 cylinders. The gap between the bottom 14 of the generator housing 5 and the bottom of the heat exchanger 15 allows a weak solution to enter from the gap between the outer 6 and the intermediate 8 cylinders into the gap between the heat exchanger housing 16 and the generator housing 5 through a connecting pipe 17. The upper end of the heat exchanger housing 16 is hermetically connected to the generator housing 5 and in its upper part there is a fitting 18 for withdrawing a weak solution from the generator 1 to the absorber 7 at the level ∇b, which is lower than the level ∇a of the strong solution in the generator 1.

The open upper end of the intermediate cylinder 8 is located between the level ∇g of the open upper end of the inner cylinder 10 and the level ∇a of the open upper end of the middle cylinder 9, and its lower end is hermetically connected to the lower end of the inner cylinder 10.

The gap between the middle 9 and the intermediate 8 cylinders is connected to the lower part of the inner cylinder 10 by the pipe 19.

The ADHA evaporator (not shown in the drawing) is connected to the vapor cavity of the receiver 4 through the pipe 20 cold vapor-gas mixture (ASG).

The upper end of the inner cylinder 10 is made with a flared flange 21, which provides the drainage of a weak solution after splashing out of the gap between the heat cup 11 and the inner cylinder 10 into the gap between the intermediate 8 and outer 6 cylinders. The upper end face of the intermediate cylinder 8 is made with a rolled bead 22, the edge of which is located with a gap between the expanded bead 21, the inner cylinder 10 and the open upper end of the middle cylinder 9, which ensures that only partially evaporated solution gets out of the gap between the middle 9 and inner 10 cylinders into the gap between the middle 9 and intermediate 8 cylinders.

To reduce heat loss, the generator 1 is closed by thermal insulation (not shown in the drawing).

The work of ADHA is as follows.

The internal cavity of ADHA is evacuated and filled with a water-ammonia solution and hydrogen according to known parameters and proportions. As a result of heat removal from the heater 12 through the gap between the flame cup 11 and the inner cylinder 10, filled with a weak solution, a strong solution in the gap between the inner cylinder 10 and the middle cylinder 9 boils. In the process of boiling, the boiling solution splashes out into the gap between the middle cylinder 9 and the intermediate cylinder 8, through which the partially evaporated solution through the pipe 19 according to the law of communicating vessels enters the cavity of the inner cylinder 10 and then into the gap between the heat cup 11 and the inner cylinder 10, where its final evaporation takes place. The weak solution resulting from the final evaporation process boils out during boiling and, along a flange expanded with a slope, 21 flows into the gap between the intermediate 8 and outer 6 cylinders, then through the connecting pipe 17 it enters the gap between the housing 5 and the casing 16 of the heat exchanger and then passes through the nozzle 18 into absorber 7.

Due to the excess pressure of the refrigerant vapor resulting from boiling of the strong solution, the strong solution is squeezed out of the hydraulic lock through the steam line 2 (level ∇в) and enters the riser pipe of the elevator pump 3. In this case, a two-phase mixture is formed, which is fed through the riser pipe to the vapor cavity of the gap between the generator housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6, where the strong solution and the refrigerant vapor are separated, which through the reflux condenser 13 enter the ADXA condenser, where they are liquefied. The liquid refrigerant then flows into the ADXA evaporator (not shown in the drawing), in which it boils at low pressure, producing a refrigerating effect. The resulting cold vapor-gas mixture through the pipe 20 through the receiver 4 enters the absorber 7.

The weak solution fed into the absorber 7 from the top of the heat exchanger 18 from the upper part of the heat exchanger absorbs ammonia vapors from the ASO when draining, and almost pure hydrogen enters the ADHA evaporator. The strong solution resulting from absorption accumulates in the receiver 4 and, through the steam lift pump 3, is fed into the gap between the generator housing 5 and the outer cylinder 6, through which it enters the gap between the inner cylinder 10 and the middle cylinder 9, where it boils. During the boiling process, the partially evaporated solution is poured into the gap between the middle 9 and intermediate 8 cylinders, and then, through the pipe 19 and the inner cylinder 10, it enters for the final evaporation into the gap between the inner cylinder 10 and the heat can 11. After this, the ADHA working cycle is repeated.

Thus, the essence of the claimed method of producing cold in ADHA consists in supplying a strong solution to the generator 1 by means of a steam lift pump 3, which works with the help of refrigerant vapor from the generator 1 to level ∇a, which is higher than the level сb of draining the weak solution into the absorber 7. Moreover, in the generator 1, boiling of the strong solution in the gap between the inner cylinder 10 and the middle cylinder 9 is provided as a result of heat removal from the heater 12 through the gap between the heat cup 11 and the inner cylinder 10, filled with partially evaporated p The solution obtained by boiling a strong solution, during which the boiling solution is splashed out of the gap between the inner cylinder 10 and the middle cylinder 9. After this, the partially evaporated solution through the gap between the middle cylinder 9 and the intermediate cylinder 8 is sent to the gap between the heat can 11 and the inner cylinder 10, where the final evaporation of the solution takes place.

The weak solution obtained during the final evaporation is sent to the cooled channel of the heat exchanger (into the gap between the intermediate 8 and the outer 6 cylinders), which is included in the line of the weak solution between the boiling cavity of the partially evaporated solution (the gap between the heat can 11 and the inner cylinder 10) and the fitting 18 the withdrawal of a weak solution from the generator 1 into the absorber 7. In this case, the process of final evaporation of the partially evaporated solution in the gap between the heat cup 11 and the inner cylinder 10 is carried out at a level e of the solution is higher than the level ∇a of the strong solution in the generator 1 and not lower than the heat glass 11.

Thus, the proposed method for producing cold in ADHA allows to reduce daily energy consumption by minimizing the time the unit goes to stationary operation due to the opportunity to use minimum width gaps filled with solutions that participate in the heat transfer process in the ADHA design. In addition, the manufacturing technology of ADHA is simplified.

The economic feasibility of implementing in practice the proposed method for producing cold in ADHA consists in reducing the daily energy consumption of household refrigerators by increasing the efficiency of the refrigeration unit.

Claims (2)

1. A method of producing cold in an absorption-diffusion refrigeration unit by supplying a strong solution to the generator by means of a steam lift pump operating with refrigerant vapor from the generator, while the generator provides boiling of the strong solution in the gap between the inner and middle cylinders as a result of heat removal from the heater through the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder filled with a partially evaporated solution, while in the process of boiling a strong solution, partially evaporated solution, characterized in that the partially evaporated solution after pouring is sent to the gap between the middle and intermediate cylinders and then to the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder, from which, during boiling, a weak solution is spilled into the cooled heat exchanger channel included in the weak solution line between the boiling cavity of the partially evaporated solution and the fitting for withdrawing a weak solution from the generator to the absorber. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the process of final evaporation of the partially evaporated solution in the gap between the heat cup and the inner cylinder is carried out at a solution level above the level of a strong solution in the generator and not lower than the heat cup.