RU2303850C2 - Electric motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering; multipurpose motors.

SUBSTANCE: proposed motor has frame carrying incomplete-turn current-carrying winding. Capacitor plates are arranged on opposing sides of winding for turning about frame axis or separately. Mentioned plates are physically coupled with current-carrying winding and electrically isolated therefrom by means of insulation. Capacitor and current-carrying winding form oscillatory electric circuit. Movement of entire structure is ensured due to interaction between self-induction forces and electric charges across capacitor plates produced in oscillatory electric circuit.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency due to direct electrical-to-mechanical energy conversion.

4 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to devices for converting the energy of an alternating electric current into kinetic energy of motion and controlling this movement.

The invention can be used as a universal engine, including as an alternative to jet type engines and unsupported engines using a turbulent flow of a medium and cavitation of a liquid.

Jet engines using the reactive power of a combustible fuel are known, screw propellers using the reactive power of an expelled motion medium are known, unsupported propulsion engines using a turbulent flow of medium according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2002123072 (publ. 2004.06.20) and the phenomenon of fluid cavitation according to the patent are known Russian Federation No. 94013559 (publ. 1995.12.20).

The disadvantage of jet engines is their potential explosion and fire hazard, low efficiency, low service life, high cost of manufacture and operation, as well as environmental hazard associated with the release of a large number of harmful combustion products. The disadvantage of screw propulsors is the obligatory presence of a fairly dense motion medium, as well as low efficiency associated with friction losses, vortex processes and dispersion of the motion medium. The disadvantage of unsupported engines using turbulent flow of the medium and cavitation of the liquid is their low efficiency, as well as the presence of mutually moving parts of the device, the obligatory presence of liquid, which makes the operation of engines in a wide temperature range very difficult.

The technical result, to which the claimed invention is directed, consists in eliminating the above disadvantages by using direct and non-reactive conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy of motion. The operation of the described engine does not require the presence of a medium of motion (movement in a full physical vacuum is possible), unlike a jet engine, it does not use any reactive force (liquids, gases, plasmas, etc.) and, unlike unsupported propulsors using the turbulent flow of the medium and the phenomenon of cavitation does not require any mechanical work of the components to achieve the effect of movement.

The engine is an inductor and capacitor plates located next to it. Each lining of the capacitor is designed to accumulate, hold and change the electric charge of the same polarity in accordance with the cycle of the engine, in the simplest case, it can be a plate of a material that conducts electric current.

The inductor and capacitor plates are structurally interconnected and during engine operation by means of a common electromagnetic flux.

Electrically the above elements form an oscillating circuit of the type "capacitor - inductor", where the capacitor plates act as a capacitor.

The invention allows to achieve not just the movement of free electrons in the oscillatory circuit, but the movement of the entire structure due to the interaction of the self-induction forces with electric charges on the capacitor plates that occur during vibrations.

To achieve this effect, the sum of the action of the vectors of the electromotive force of self-induction of the inductor on the capacitor plates in accordance with their charges and location should not be zero. This is determined structurally by the mutual arrangement of the capacitor plates and the inductance coil, as well as by the synchronism of changes in the electric charges on the capacitor plates in accordance with the direction of flow and the change in current in the winding. Synchronicity is due to the connection of the above elements into an oscillatory circuit.

The proposed engine is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-9. In Fig.1 shows a General view and the device of the coaxial motor, Fig.2 shows a General view and the device of the coaxial motor, Fig.3-6 shows the direction of action of the forces of the emf self-induction on the charged plates of the capacitor at different phases of the coaxial motor operation; Figs. 7 and 8 show possible electric circuits of the motor; Fig. 9 shows an example of determining the direction of the traction force.

The coaxial motor (Fig. 1) consists of a closed symmetrical (toroidal) core 1, on which a conductive winding 2 is wound. Inside the torus and from its outer side in one plane lying on the circular axis of symmetry, there are capacitor plates 3 so, that they form one or more (four equal) sectors. For constructive mechanical connection of the capacitor plates with the winding, as well as for their electrical insulation, a dielectric 4 is used. Electrically the capacitor plates and the winding form an oscillatory circuit (Fig. 7) of the "capacitor-inductor" type, where the capacitor plates 3 play the role of a capacitor. and in the role of an inductor - a motor winding 2.

The operation of the coaxial engine is as follows.

Initially, energy in the oscillatory circuit can accumulate both on the plates of the capacitor and in the motor winding.

Suppose that in the initial phase (Fig. 3) all the internal energy of the oscillatory circuit is concentrated in the motor winding, and this energy begins to flow in the form of electric charges onto the capacitor plates. As a result, we get charging capacitor plates, as well as an alternating electric field around the motor winding E _emf. caused by the phenomenon of self-induction of the winding and acting on the charging plates of the capacitor. It can be seen that the action vectors of the forces of the emf self-inductions on the charging plates of the capacitor F are directed in one direction, and in the absence of any external forces, the only force compensating them will be the inertia force, therefore, the motor will move.

After the complete flow of energy from the motor winding to the capacitor plates, the second phase begins. During it, the current begins to flow in the direction opposite to that in the first phase, but as a result of the phenomenon of self-induction, the direction of the electric field caused by self-induction of the winding E _emf , around the motor winding will not change, and therefore, this phase in the direction of the force vectors F is identical to the previous one (figure 3).

After the charges on all plates of the capacitor are equalized, that is, they become equal to zero, the third phase (Fig. 4) of the engine operation begins. This phase is similar to the first, except for the direction of current flow through the motor winding.

The fourth phase of operation is similar to the second phase with the exception of the direction of current flow (figure 4).

From Figs. 3 and 4 it can be seen that the direction of action of the sum of the Coulomb forces ΣF, and hence the movement of the motor, is determined only by design parameters: the direction of winding of the winding and the order of its connection to the capacitor plates. The direction of action of the force ΣF (Fig.9) can be determined as follows:

the Coulomb force will act, and therefore, there will be a movement in the direction opposite to the incomplete winding of the winding formed when it is connected to the capacitor plates.

The engine forms an oscillating circuit of the type "capacitor - inductor", where during operation the energy is converted:

- the kinetic energy of the engine;

- into the energy of electromagnetic radiation;

- to thermal losses in the winding (the exception is an engine manufactured using a superconductor) and the core (if any).

As a result of energy loss, we get an engine with damped harmonic oscillations.

Determine the thrust of the engine. To simplify the calculations, we will not take into account energy losses.

When the engine is operating, the electric charges located on the capacitor plates are affected by the self-induction force arising in the transformer winding:

where F _k is the Coulomb force, N;

E _emf - electromotive force of self-induction, penetrating the charged capacitor plate, V;

Q _NESZ - the charge located on the plates of the capacitor, CL.

The equation of harmonic oscillations arising in the oscillatory circuit of the type "capacitor - inductor", where the capacitor plates act as the capacitor, and the motor winding acts as the inductor, it looks like:

where Q (t) is the sum of charges of the same polarity on the capacitor plates (i.e., either positive or negative), C;

A is the amplitude of the change in charges on the plates of a capacitor of the same polarity that occurs during harmonic oscillations, C;

w ₀ is the resonant frequency of oscillations of a given oscillatory circuit, Hz;

t is the time, s;

α is the initial phase displacement of the oscillations, radian.

Find the quantities A, w ₀ , α.

Suppose that initially the engine energy was accumulated only on the capacitor plates, whereas since the energy of the capacitor plates is essentially the energy of the capacitor, then

where W _c is the energy stored on the capacitor plates, J;

Q is the charge on the capacitor plates, C;

C is the capacitance of the capacitor, F.

It follows that

where Q _max - the maximum charge on the plates of the capacitor arising from harmonic vibrations, CL.

And since in this case W _c is the entire energy of the engine, then W _c = W _ect , therefore,

where W _ect is the total total electromagnetic energy circulating in the engine.

We find α: in the initial phase of oscillations t = 0, therefore,

the result of solving this equation is α = 0.

то перепишем уравнение в окончательном виде:And since

then we rewrite the equation in its final form:

since the voltage across the inductance U _L at any time is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the electromotive force of self-induction, then

The current in circuit I is equal to the rate of change of charge on the capacitor plates:

substituting the current in the expression for the electromotive force of self-induction in the inductor and designating the charge on the capacitor plates in time through q ′ ′, we obtain:

we find q ′ ′:

in this way

Assuming to simplify the calculations, that the capacitor plates are located in one plane lying on the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the motor winding and substituting expressions (7) and (12) in formula (1), we obtain:

в этом случае формула (13) примет вид:In the case when the initial energy is accumulated in the inductor, the phase displacement will be

in this case, formula (13) takes the form:

After making the necessary calculations, it is easy to verify that the effective value of the force will be numerically equal to the energy circulating in the engine, that is:

where F _{k (valid)} is the effective value of the engine traction force, N.

Based on these formulas (13) and (14), we see that the force acting on the capacitor plates from the self-induction side of the coil during harmonic vibrations arises is always directed in one direction, which confirms the principle of operation of the engine.

The Coulomb force vector (Fig. 9) will be directed perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the winding, along the bisector of the angle formed by the location of the plates of the capacitor, in the direction opposite to the location of the incomplete coil of the winding formed by connecting it to the plates of the capacitor.

This engine design provides movement along the perpendicular axis of symmetry of the engine (FIGS. 3 and 4), its rotation in place (FIGS. 5 and 6), as well as its rotation in motion when the capacitor plates are charged asymmetrically with respect to the perpendicular axis of symmetry of the engine.

The non-axial motor (Fig. 2) consists of a core frame 1, on which a conductive winding 2 is wound. On both sides of the winding in the plane of the axis of symmetry of the core opposite to each other are the plates of the capacitor 3. For the constructive connection of the plates of the capacitor with the motor winding, as well as for them electrical insulation applied dielectric 4.

The principle of operation of a misaligned motor is similar to the principle of operation of a coaxial motor.

This engine design provides movement perpendicular to the plane of the axis of the core in which the capacitor plates are located, as well as rotations in place and in motion similarly to a coaxial motor, in addition to any rotation, if you turn the capacitor plates 3 around the axis of the core frame 1.

To excite and maintain electrical vibrations in the engine at the required level, it is possible to supply power from an external energy source (Fig. 8) through an inductive coupling between the supply winding 1 and the motor winding 2, at a frequency of the supply current close to or equal to the resonant frequency of the engine.

Claims (4)

1. An engine comprising a frame on which a conductive winding with an incomplete turn is wound, capacitor plates are arranged opposite to each other on two sides of the winding, rotatable around the axis of the frame or without it, these plates are structurally connected to the conductive winding and are electrically isolated from it by an insulator, in this case, the capacitor and the conductive winding form an electrical oscillatory circuit. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the conductive winding is made in the form of a toroid, while the capacitor plates are inside and outside the toroid in the same plane of symmetry. 3. The motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame of the conductive winding is made rod, and the capacitor plates are located on both sides of the winding in the plane of its axis of symmetry. 4. The motor according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a supply winding inductively coupled to a conductive winding, through which electric energy is supplied from an external source at a frequency of the supply current equal to or close to the resonant frequency of the electric oscillatory circuit .

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