RU2172865C2 - Method of generation of thrust - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: setting transport facilities in translational motion, space objects inclusive. SUBSTANCE: electrically insulated sources of electrical and magnetic fields with current sources connected to them are mounted for interaction of these fields. Current source is made in form of metal plates mounted on two opposite sides of flat or cylindrical core made from magnetic dielectric material; magnetic field source is secured to this core and magnetic field and rate of change of electrical field are changed in synchronism and in anti-phase. EFFECT: reduced overall dimensions; saving of power. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for producing traction (force) in closed systems for translational movement of vehicles, for example space vehicles.

 A known method of producing traction, which is that they install electrically isolated sources of electric and magnetic fields with the possibility of their interaction (see I.E. Tamm, "Fundamentals of the theory of electricity", M., Science, 1989, S. 241 , 404-408).

 In this method of producing traction, a permanent magnet is used as a source of magnetic field, between the poles of which a source of electric field is placed — a capacitor in the form of two coaxial cylinders arranged with a gap, which form the outer and inner plates of the capacitor.

 After connecting the electric field source - the capacitor to the AC voltage source, the charge on the capacitor plates will change, and the magnetic and electric fields intersecting at right angles cause small angular oscillations of the capacitor around its vertical axis. Those. as a result of the interaction of electric and magnetic fields, the described closed system (since the electric field outside the capacitor plates is practically absent) is able to acquire (and change) the resultant moment of forces, non-zero, applied to its material elements.

 The main disadvantage of the above method is that it does not allow translational movements. In addition, to obtain angular oscillations, as only the element that is directly exposed to the force moves, are forced to consume electricity from an external power source, and its value is incommensurably greater than the amount of current required to excite the electric field.

 The closest in its features to the proposed method is a method for producing traction, which consists in the fact that electrically isolated sources of electric and magnetic fields with power sources connected to them are installed with the possibility of their interaction (see Costa de Beauregard Olivier Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances Academic Scienes 263, N 23, B1279, 1966).

 In the noted method, a capacitor, the design of which is similar to the above, is located along the axis of the endless wire. If you connect the wire and the capacitor plates to the power sources, the magnetic field formed around the wire will intersect at right angles with the electric field between the external and internal capacitor plates. With a continuous change in the magnitude of the current in the wire (provided that its uniformity is maintained), the magnitude of the magnetic field acting on the capacitor plates also changes. The result is a resultant force other than zero that can move the capacitor along the wire.

 However, this method of obtaining traction has a number of significant disadvantages. The main one is the need (to provide a circular magnetic field) to conduct the current path endless. In practice, this makes the method unrealizable. In addition, in order to create a strictly radial electric field between the capacitor plates, the plates must also be practically infinite. Otherwise, at the borders of the plates, the electric field will cease to be homogeneous and limited, which leads to its interaction with the current lead. Another disadvantage of this method is the fact that when moving the capacitor along the wire, the energy of the current source supplying this capacitor will be consumed, because when the capacitor moves, a magnetic field appears, causing an electromotive force (EMF) in the wire, which counteracts the power source.

 The problem to which the present invention is directed is to obtain traction capable of translating a closed system and to prevent the formation of an induced electric field.

 The solution of this problem is achieved using the method of obtaining traction, which consists in the fact that electrically isolated sources of electric and magnetic fields with connected sources of electric current are installed with the possibility of interaction of these fields, the source of the electric field is in the form of metal plates that are installed on two opposite sides of a flat or cylindrical core of willows of magnetic dielectric material, with a source of magnetic field, and in phase or out of phase change the magnitude of the magnetic field and the rate of change of the electric field.

 The invention is illustrated using the drawing, which shows a diagram of a closed system by which thrust is obtained, and on an enlarged scale - an infinitely small volume of the core in the form of a parallelepiped with ribs "a", "b" and "h".

 The drawing shows the core 1, for example, in the form of a plate of magnetic dielectric material (magnet), to two opposite surfaces of which are attached, for example, metal plates 2. The metal plates 2 are connected to a power source 3. Around the core 1 is mechanically rigidly connected to it but electrically isolated from it, solenoid 4, powered by another power source 5.

 We determine the possibility of thrust in the closed system described above.

We take the relative dielectric constant of the magnet to unity, then in the case in which the electric and magnetic fields in the claimed system are constant, no forces arise, because free and bound electric charges in the core 1 are absent, and the plates 2 are non-magnetic. But, as follows from the above sources of information, if the electric and magnetic fields change, then in such a closed system as described above, in addition to the original (excited by power sources 3 and 5 magnetic and electric fields) induced electric and magnetic fields will appear that will act on the elements of this system. As a result, the indicated closed system as a whole will be affected by the force F _total - the resulting forces acting on individual elements of this system.

Consider what forces form F _total .

где ▽ - оператор дифференцирования по координатам "градиент",

(А/м) - вектор намагничивания вещества сердечника,

(Т) - вектор магнитной индукции внешнего (по отношению к магнетику) поля.It is known (see Tamm, p. 241) that a magnetic field induced by an alternating electric field (bias current) acts on a magnetized core with a force F _m :

where ▽ is the differentiation operator with respect to the coordinates "gradient",

(A / m) is the magnetization vector of the core substance,

(T) is the magnetic induction vector of the external (with respect to the magnet) field.

Кроме того, согласно Canadian Journal Physics, v. 57, N 5, 1979, p.p. 667-676, если магнетик, изменяющий величину своей намагниченности, помещен в электрическое поле, то на него действует, так называемая, магнитодинамическая сила

Силы

независимы друг от друга, т.к. они либо возбуждены разными индукционными полями, либо приложены к разным элементам описанной замкнутой системы, поэтому результирующая сила F_общ будет равна их сумме, т.е.

Рассмотрим, чему равны эти силы.If the magnitude of the magnetic field (magnetization vector) in the core 1 is changed, then an electric field is induced around it, which will act on the plates 2 connected to the power source 3 with force

In addition, according to Canadian Journal Physics, v. 57, N 5, 1979, pp 667-676, if a magnet that changes the magnitude of its magnetization is placed in an electric field, then the so-called magnetodynamic force acts on it

Forces

independent from each other, because they are either excited by different induction fields or applied to different elements of the described closed system, so the resulting force F _total will be equal to their sum, i.e.

Consider what these forces are equal to.

подают постоянное напряжение от источника питания 5 на соленоид 4 и намагничивают сердечник 1 (если магнетик может сохранять намагниченность продолжительное время, соленоид 4 может быть после этого отсоединен от сердечника 1), подключают металлические обкладки 2 к источнику питания 3 с переменным напряжением и получают меняющееся по времени электрическое поле.To determine the magnitude of the first force

apply a constant voltage from the power supply 5 to the solenoid 4 and magnetize the core 1 (if the magnet can maintain magnetization for a long time, the solenoid 4 can then be disconnected from the core 1), connect the metal plates 2 to the power supply 3 with an alternating voltage and get a variable time electric field.

 Suppose that in a negligible parallelepiped with sides "a", "b" and "h", mentally "cut" by us from the volume of core 1 (magnet), the magnetic field M will be directed along the edge "a", and the electric field E will along the edge "h".

As a result of the interaction of magnetic and electric fields, a force f _m arises, acting on the selected unit volume of the magnet perpendicular to the direction of their field lines.

Из уравнения Масквелла следует, что

где ε_o (Ф/м), μ_o (Гн/м) - электрическая и магнитная постоянные,

(В/м) - вектор напряженности электрического поля,

(Кл/м) - вектор индукции электрического поля,
t (с) - время.Since the magnetic field in this case is constant, therefore, the force f _m that acts on the elementary volume, according to (1), is determined by the formula

From the Musquell equation it follows that

where ε _o (Ф / м), μ _o (Гн / м) - electric and magnetic constants,

(V / m) is the electric field vector,

(C / m) is the electric field induction vector,
t (s) is time.

в пределах рассматриваемого объема (в силу его малости) однородны, поэтому первый член в правой части (1) равен 0.Since vector fields

within the considered volume (due to its smallness) they are homogeneous; therefore, the first term on the right-hand side of (1) is 0.

(вектор магнитной индукции внутри магнетика), получим

где c (м/с) - скорость света.Substituting (3) into (2), taking into account that

(magnetic induction vector inside the magnet), we obtain

where c (m / s) is the speed of light.

После интегрирования выражения (4) по занимаемому магнетиком объему V, получим силу F_m, действующую на весь объем магнетика, величина которой определяется по формуле

Для определения величины второй силы

на соленоид 4 от источника питания 5 подают переменное напряжение, а на металлические обкладки 2 подают постоянное напряжение от источника питания 3.From (4) it follows that the force acting on the selected negligible volume of the magnet

After integrating expression (4) over the volume V occupied by the magnet, we obtain the force F _m acting on the entire volume of the magnet, the value of which is determined by the formula

To determine the magnitude of the second force

an alternating voltage is applied to the solenoid 4 from the power source 5, and a constant voltage from the power source 3 is supplied to the metal plates 2.

направлено вдоль ребра "h", а магнитное поле

- вдоль ребра "a", поэтому в соответствии с теорией Максвелла вокруг объема магнетика V возникает индуцированная напряженность электрического поля

где E_l (В/м) - величина индукционной напряженности электрического поля,
l (м) - контур, охватывающий рассматриваемый объем по периметру сечения, перпендикулярного магнитному полю,
S (м²) - площадь сечения, перпендикулярного магнитному полю,

- проекция скорости изменения вектора магнитной индукции

на нормаль к сечению, перпендикулярному магнитному полю.Since, as we adopted above, the electric field

directed along the edge "h", and the magnetic field

- along the edge "a", therefore, in accordance with Maxwell's theory, an induced electric field strength arises around the volume of magnet V

where E _l (V / m) is the magnitude of the induction electric field,
l (m) is a contour covering the volume under consideration along the perimeter of a section perpendicular to the magnetic field,
S (m ² ) is the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the magnetic field,

- projection of the rate of change of the magnetic induction vector

normal to the cross section perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Напряженность электрического поля воздействует на поверхностные заряды

формирующие исходное постоянное электрическое поле

с силой

направленной вдоль ребра b и равной по величине:

Перейдем к векторному произведению, учитывая направления векторов

получим:

Кроме того, как уже отмечалось выше, из Canadian Journal Physics, v. 57, N 5, 1979, p.p. 667-676, известно, что, если магнетик, изменяющий величину своей намагниченности, помещен в электрическое поле, то на него действует, так называемая магнитодинамическая сила

Теперь, для того чтобы найти F_общ, сложим полученные выражения сил

Из формул (9) и (10) следует, что силы F_i и F_e равны по величине и противоположны по направлению, поэтому получаем, что

Выражение (11) было получено из формулы (1), но, т.к. величина M в ней является мгновенным значением вектора намагничивания, поэтому формула (1) справедлива как для постоянных, так и для переменных магнитных полей.We assume that the core thickness P is many times smaller than its length and width, then from (6) we get that

Electric field strength affects surface charges

forming an initial constant electric field

with force

directed along rib b and equal in magnitude:

Let's move on to the vector product, given the directions of the vectors

we get:

In addition, as noted above, from Canadian Journal of Physics, v. 57, N 5, 1979, pp 667-676, it is known that if a magnet that changes the magnitude of its magnetization is placed in an electric field, then the so-called magnetodynamic force acts on it

Now, in order to find F _total , we add the obtained expressions of forces

From formulas (9) and (10) it follows that the forces F _i and F _e are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, therefore, we find that

Expression (11) was obtained from formula (1), but since the value of M in it is the instantaneous value of the magnetization vector; therefore, formula (1) is valid for both constant and variable magnetic fields.

в переменных электрическом и магнитном полях.Consider what will be equal to the force

in alternating electric and magnetic fields.

 To create alternating electric and magnetic fields, an alternating voltage is supplied to the solenoid 4 from the power source 5, and to the metal plates 2 - from the power source 3.

направлено вдоль ребра "h", а магнитное поле

- вдоль ребра "a", тогда, чтобы результирующая сила была отлична от нуля, необходимо, чтобы величина магнитного поля и скорость изменения электрического поля менялись синфазно или в противофазе, т.е. так, чтобы произведение величины магнитного поля на скорость изменения электрического поля было знакопостоянным. Пусть, например, напряжение электрического поля E изменяется по времени по синусоидальному закону, а напряжение магнитного поля M - по косинусоидальному, т. е. E = E_osinωt и M = M_ocosωt, где E₀ (В/м) - амплитудная величина электрического поля, M₀ (А/м) - амплитудная величина магнитного поля, ω (Гц) - частота колебаний.If, as we adopted above, the electric field

directed along the edge "h", and the magnetic field

- along the edge "a", then, in order for the resulting force to be different from zero, it is necessary that the magnitude of the magnetic field and the rate of change of the electric field change in phase or out of phase, i.e. so that the product of the magnitude of the magnetic field and the rate of change of the electric field is sign-constant. Suppose, for example, that the voltage of an electric field E varies in time according to a sinusoidal law, and the voltage of a magnetic field M - in a cosine manner, i.e., E = E _o sinωt and M = M _o cosωt, where E ₀ (V / m) is the amplitude the magnitude of the electric field, M ₀ (A / m) is the amplitude value of the magnetic field, ω (Hz) is the oscillation frequency.

Усредняя это выражение по времени получим:

Постоянная во времени сила

вызывает ускорение вышеуказанной системы в направлении действия этой силы и позволит осуществить поступательное перемещение системы из одной точки пространства в другую.Then, after the disclosure of the vector product (11) and differentiation, we obtain:

Averaging this expression over time we get:

Time constant force

It causes the acceleration of the above system in the direction of this force and will allow for translational movement of the system from one point in space to another.

 Moreover, since there is a joint movement of all elements of the system, the electromotive force (EMF) will not act on the metal plates 2, so there will also be no energy costs to overcome this EMF.

 The described method of obtaining traction can be used for translational movement of vehicles (including space vehicles) in space, without the expense of the types of fuel known to date, because kinetic energy consumed when using the proposed method, as if free (more precisely, it is obtained from vacuum or, as it was called before, ether). In addition, the use of this method allows you to drive electric power generators, as well as to abandon the bulky, space-consuming and heavy fuel system components that are currently used in vehicles.

Claims (1)

 The method of obtaining traction, namely, that electrically isolated sources of electric and magnetic fields with power sources connected to them are installed with the possibility of interaction of these fields, characterized in that the source of the electric field is in the form of metal plates that are installed on two opposite sides of a flat or a cylindrical core of a magnetic dielectric material, with a source of a magnetic field attached to it, and in phase or out of phase change elichinu magnetic field and the rate of change of the electric field.