RU2302120C2 - Degraded polymer for gum - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: degraded polymer comprises polymer, polymerized agent of at least one tri-functional or high-functional initiator, at least two different monomers that define the main chain of the polymer, and at least one monomer from the group composed of carbonate monomers.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of gum.

64 cl, 16 dwg, 3 tbl, 12 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1.

State of the art

US Pat. No. 5,672,367 describes a biologically degradable chewing gum elastomer. The term "elastomer" is usually defined as biologically degradable ester-based polymers obtained by polymerization of one or more cyclic esters. This patent provides two specific examples.

Example 1 describes an amorphous non-crystallizable copolymer, which consists of 80 mol% L-lactide and 20 mol% D-lactide and which was obtained by melt polymerization with ring opening in the presence of 0.1 wt.% Tin octoate as a catalyst. To this polymer was added 20 wt.% Epsilon-caprolactone, and then the mixture was heated to 150 ° C. To this homogeneous mixture was again added 0.1 wt.% Tin octoate as a catalyst, after which the polymerization was completed. The resulting polymer had a glass transition temperature (DSC, heating rate of 10 ° C / min) of 15 ° C.

Example 3 describes an amorphous non-crystallizable copolymer consisting of 25 mol% L-lactide, 25 mol% D-lactide and 50 mol% epsilon-caprolactone, which was obtained by melt polymerization with ring opening in the presence of 0.1 wt.% Octoate tin as a catalyst. The resulting polymer had a glass transition temperature (DSC, heating rate of 10 ° C / min) -10 ° C.

It was found that both of these polymers differed in that the organoleptic sensations during chewing were almost the same as when chewing standard chewing gum.

However, the disadvantage of the above polymers was that the properties of these polymers were different from the properties of elastomers of standard chewing gum, for example, such as the structure of the polymers themselves, and especially when introduced into the composition of standard chewing gum.

WO 01/47368 describes chewing gum containing a biologically degradable copolymer obtained by polymerizing two different monomers, a first monomer that polymerizes by polycondensation and a second monomer that acts as an inhibitor of crystallization of the copolymer. However, the problem associated with the use of the described copolymer is that the elastomeric properties of the obtained polymer are different from the properties of standard chewing gum. Therefore, it is obvious that it is very difficult to obtain a fully biologically degradable chewing gum based on the described copolymer, as indicated by the fact that in this example only partially biodegradable chewing gum is described.

An object of the present invention is to provide a chewing gum polymer having properties comparable to those of standard chewing gum elastomers, both for the polymer itself and for its interaction with chewing gum ingredients incorporated into the chewing gum composition.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a degradable chewing gum polymer, wherein said degradable polymer is a polymer polymerized from

at least one trifunctional or more highly functional initiator,

at least two different monomers forming the main polymer chain, and

at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of carbonate monomers.

In accordance with the present invention, the obtained polymer has elastomeric properties suitable for chewing gum.

In accordance with the present invention, a polymer structure has been obtained which is most suitable for a chewing gum polymer / elastomer.

In accordance with the present invention, it was found that to obtain a final product with improved properties when a polymer, preferably an elastomer, is introduced into chewing gum, a certain degree of branching of the main chain is necessary. In addition, it was found that in order to avoid the formation of a very large number of branched cross-links, the degree of branching should be carefully regulated.

In accordance with the present invention, it has surprisingly been found that such a balance between branching / crosslinking can be controlled by creating a suitable initiator-carbonate monomer pair. With this pairing, one of the most important "regulation factors" is the correction of the relative concentrations of initiators and carbonate monomer.

In addition, the relative concentration can be modified taking into account the structure of the initiator. The higher the functionality of the initiator, the lower the concentration of carbonate monomer.

In accordance with the present invention, the term “hyperbranched” preferably means that such a branching structure has a dendritic rather than comb-like nature. That is, branches branching from other branches are similar to a tree, and not just a multitude of separate branches branching from a clearly defined segment of the main chain (comb-like branching). Therefore, hyperbranching can be defined as a “dendritic branching”. Branching in this system is an intermediate step leading to crosslinking. Molecules first become branched, and then when the branching of one molecule reacts with the branching of another molecule, a cross-link is formed. In the intermediate stages of this process, both branched and crosslinked molecules are present. The person skilled in the art will understand the processes of branching and cross-linking, the differences between dendritic and comb-like branching. A detailed description of dendritic branching compared to branching of another type can be found in the following manual: Odian G. "Principles of Polymerization", 3rd Ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY (1991); p. 17.

Preferably, said at least two different monomers are cyclic.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least two different monomers forming the main chain of the polymer include at least one main chain monomer and at least one main chain comonomer.

In one embodiment, at least one backbone comonomer contributes disorder to the backbone monomer chain.

In accordance with the present invention, it was found that the main chain includes at least two different monomers.

In one embodiment, at least one backbone comonomer is effective for introducing amorphous regions into the backbone monomer chain.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least two different monomers forming the main polymer chain are selected from the group of lactone monomers.

In one embodiment, the lactone monomers are selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone and β-propiolactone. Such lactones are also ε-caprolactones, δ-valerolactones, γ-butyrolactones or β-propiolactones substituted with one or more alkyl or aryl substituents at any non-carbonyl carbon atom on the ring, including compounds in which two substituents are present on the same atom carbon.

Examples of the lactones described above include, but are not limited to, ε-caprolactone, tert-butylcaprolactone, zeta enantolactone, delta valerolactones, monoalkyl delta valerolactones, for example monomethyl, monoethyl, monohexyl delta valerolactones and. P.; monoalkyl, dialkyl and trialkyl epsilon caprolactones, e.g. monomethyl, monoethyl, monohexyl, dimethyl, di-n-propyl, di-n-hexyl, trimethyl, triethyl, tri-n-epsilon-caprolactones 5-nonyloxepan-2-one, 4,4,6- or 4,6,6-trimethyloxepan-2-one, 5-hydroxymethyloxepan-2-one, and the like; beta lactones; for example beta-propiolactone, beta-butyrolactone, gamma-lactones, for example gamma-butyrolactone or pivalolactone; dilactones, for example lactide, dilactides; glycolides, e.g. tetramethyl glycolides and the like; ketodioxanones, for example 1,4-dioxan-2-one, 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and the like. Lactones may consist of optically pure isomers, or of two or more different optical isomers, or they may consist of mixtures of isomers.

In one embodiment, at least one backbone monomer comprises ε-caprolactone.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, ε-caprolactone is selected as the main monomer of the main chain, which ensures that this main component of the main chain will have a sufficiently low Tg.

In one embodiment, at least one backbone monomer has a Tg below -40 ° C, preferably below -50 ° C.

In one embodiment, at least one backbone comonomer comprises δ-valerolactone.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, δ-valerolactone forms a suitable main chain comonomer. Moreover, it was found that the low Tg requirements for this comonomer can be slightly reduced compared to the requirements for the main monomer of the main chain.

It should also be noted that the Tg of the comonomer or comonomers increases slightly with increasing concentration.

In one embodiment of the invention, said biologically degradable polymer is polymerized by a metal-catalyzed ring opening.

Preferably, the carbonate monomer is selected from the group consisting of trimethylene carbonate, 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, or 5-alkyl-5-alkyloxycarbonyl-1 , 3-dioxan-2-one.

Examples of suitable cyclic carbonates are ethylene carbonate, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyltrimethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, trimethylene carbonate, trimethylolpropane monocarbonate, 4,6-dimethyl-1,3-propylene carbonate, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and 1,3-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate mixtures thereof.

In accordance with the present invention, several different carbonate monomers can be used. A preferred carbonate monomer is trimethylene carbonate (TMS).

In one embodiment, at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of carbonate monomers provides a means for introducing additional branching and / or crosslinking into the elastomeric polymer during ring opening polymerization.

In accordance with the present invention, the cyclic carbonate in the mixture of monomers allows you to precisely control the degree of branching and the number of cross-links in the final polymer. The mechanism by which the cyclic carbonate monomer affects the crosslinking is based on the well-known tendency of metal catalysts, a non-limiting example of which is tin octoate (2), to initiate the transesterification and transcarboxylation reactions (transfer of the intermolecular chain to the polymer) during polymerization.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one trifunctional or more highly functional initiator comprises a polyol.

In accordance with the present invention, the interaction between the polyol initiator and the carbonate monomer provides the desired degree of branching of the resulting biologically degradable polymer.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to the production of star-shaped polymers.

Examples of preferred multifunctional initiators include, but are not limited to, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, ethoxylated or propoxylated polyamines and other molecules with many hydroxyl or other reactive groups, and mixtures thereof.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol are preferred initiators.

In one embodiment, a degradable chewing gum polymer is polymerized from

about 20-80 wt.%, at least one main chain monomer,

about 19.5-79.5 wt.%, at least one main chain comonomer and

about 0.5-25 wt.%, at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of carbonate monomers.

In one embodiment of the invention, the degradable chewing gum polymer is also polymerized from about 0.01-1.0 wt.% Of at least one initiator.

In one embodiment of the invention, the properties of the polymer chewing gum are adjusted by selecting a multifunctional initiator of the appropriate order.

The higher the functionality of the initiator, the less carbonate is required to provide the desired level of hyperbranching and crosslinking.

In one embodiment, the rheological properties of the degradable polymer are controlled by adjusting the functional number of initiators.

In addition, it was found that increasing the functionality of the initiator leads to an improvement in the consistency and / or to an improvement in the release profile of the chewing gum ingredients when polymer is introduced into it.

The molecular weight of the lactone monomer should be 50-16000 g / mol, preferably 100-3000 g / mol.

The molecular weight of the carbonate monomer should be 50-15000 g / mol, preferably 100-2300 g / mol.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum ingredients include flavoring agents.

In one embodiment of the invention, said flavoring agents contain natural and synthetic flavoring agents in the form of natural plant components, essential oils, essences, extracts, powders, including acids and other substances capable of affecting taste characteristics.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises a flavor in an amount of from 0.01 to about 30 wt.% Of the total weight of the chewing gum.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises a flavor in an amount of 0.2 to about 4% by weight based on the total weight of the chewing gum.

In one of the embodiments of the invention, the specified flavoring agent contains water-soluble ingredients.

In one embodiment of the invention, said water soluble flavor contains acid.

In accordance with the present invention, an unexpected initial acid release was obtained.

In one embodiment of the invention, said flavoring agent contains water-insoluble ingredients.

In one embodiment, the ingredients of said chewing gum include sweeteners.

In one embodiment of the invention, said sweetener comprises bulk sweeteners.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises bulk sweeteners in an amount of from about 5 to about 95 wt.% Chewing gum, usually from about 20 to about 80 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment, said sweetener comprises high intensity sweeteners.

In one embodiment, said high intensity sweeteners include sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame salts, alitam, saccharin and its salts, cyclamic acid and its salts, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones, thaumatin, monellin, steroside, taken separately or in combination.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises high intensity sweeteners in an amount of from about 0 to about 1 wt.% Chewing gum, usually in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment, said chewing gum comprises at least one emollient.

In one embodiment of the invention, said at least one emollient comprises tall oil, hydrogenated tall oil, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, lecithin, various waxes, mono-, di- and triglycerides, acetylated monoglycerides, fatty acids such as stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises emollients in an amount of from about 0 to about 18 wt.% Chewing gum, usually from about 0 to about 12 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment, the ingredients of said chewing gum include the active ingredients.

In one embodiment of the invention, said active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylsir, buprenorphine, bromhexine, celoxib, codeine, diphenhydramine, diclofenac, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, morofoxoxib, morumoxoxib, lumiraxoxib, piroxicam, pseudoephedrine, rofecoxib, tenoxicam, tramadol, valdecoxib, calcium carbonate, magaldrate, disulfiram, bupropion, nicotine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clotrimazole, erythromycin , tetracycline, granisetron, ondansetron, promethazine, tropisetron, brompheniramine, ceterisin, leco-ceterisin, chlorocyclisin, chlorpheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, phenofenadinodinodinodinodinodinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinodinidinodinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinidinodinidinidinidinodinidinodinidinodinidinodinidinidinidadinidinidinidinidinidadinidinadinidadinidinidinodinidinadinidadeninapidinidinodinidinodinidinidadinidininaptininapina , methylphenidate, benzalkonium chloride, benzethidine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, ecobet sodium, halogenperidol, allopurinol, colchinine, theophylline, propanolol, prednisolone, prednisone, fluoride , urea, miconazole, actot, glibenclamide, glipizide, metformin, miglitol, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, apomorphine, cialis, sildenafil, vardenafil, diphenoxylate, simethicone, cimetidine, aspotorin, benzoferin tetrinfin tetrin, ratinidin tetrinfin tetrin, ratinidin tetrine, ratitinidineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridinetaridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridinitaridineteridinitridinitinidinitridinitinitridina and rattinidaridinetridinidinetaridinetridinitinitridin , phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, cisapride, domperidone, metoclopramide, acyclovir, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, phenolphthalein, almotriptan, eletriptan, ergotamine, mighea, naratriptan, risatriptan, sumatriptan, solit aluminum, calcium salts, iron salts, silver salts, zinc salts, amphotericin B, chlorhexidine, miconazole, triamcinolone acetonide, melatonin, phenobarbital, caffeine, benzodiazepiner, hydroxyzine, meprobamate, phenothiazine, buclizine, brometazinfinfindenine, cinnine, cinnine, cinnamine, dynefinfinfinfin amide, cinnin , amphetamine, caffeine, ephedrine, orlistat, phenylephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, sibutramine, ketoconazole, nitroglycerin, nystatin, progesterone, testosterone, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, B itamine E, pilocarpine, aluminum aminoacetate, cimetidine, esomeprazole, famotidine, lansoprazole, magnesium oxide, nizatide and / or ratinidine or their derivatives and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, said chewing gum is substantially free of biologically non-degradable polymers.

In one embodiment, at least two or more cyclic esters are selected from the group consisting of glycolides, lactides, lactones, cyclic carbonates, or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, said lactone monomers are selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone and β-propiolactone. Such lactones are also ε-caprolactones, δ-valerolactones, γ-butyrolactones or β-propiolactones substituted with one or more alkyl or aryl substituents at any non-carbonyl carbon atoms on the ring, including compounds in which two substituents are present on the same same carbon atom.

In one embodiment, the carbonate monomer is selected from the group consisting of trimethylene carbonate, 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5-alkyl -5-alkyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, ethylene carbonate, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl, propylene carbonate, trimethylolpropane monocarbonate, 4,6-dimethyl-1,3-propylene carbonate, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and 1, 3-dioxepan-2-one and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, cyclic ester polymers and their copolymers obtained by polymerization of cyclic ether monomers are, but are not limited to, poly (L-lactide); poly (D-lactide); poly (D, L-lactide); poly (mesolactide); poly (glycolide); poly (trimethylene carbonate); poly (epsilon-caprolactone); a copolymer of L-lactide and D, L-lactide; a copolymer of L-lactide and mesolactide; a copolymer of L-lactide and glycolide; a copolymer of L-lactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and mesolactide; copolymer of D, L-lactide and glycolide; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of mesolactide and glycolide; a copolymer of mesolactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of mesolactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of glycolide and trimethylene carbonate; and a copolymer of glycolide and epsilon-caprolactone.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises a filler.

If necessary, the chewing gum base composition may include one or more fillers / builders, including, for example, magnesium and calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate, crushed limestone, silicate compounds such as magnesium and aluminum silicate, kaolin and clay, alumina , silica, talc, titanium oxide, mono-, di- and tricalcium phosphates, cellulose polymers such as wood, and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the chewing gum contains a filler in an amount of from about 0 to about 50 wt.% Chewing gum, and usually from about 10 to about 40 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum contains at least one dye.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the chewing gum may contain colorants and bleaches, such as colorants and varnishes of the FD&C type, fruit and vegetable extracts, titanium dioxide, and combinations thereof. Other suitable chewing gum base components are antioxidants, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate and tocopherols, and preservatives.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum has an outer coating.

In one embodiment of the invention, said outer coating is solid.

In one embodiment of the invention, said hard coating is a coating selected from the group consisting of a sugar coating and a sugarless coating and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, said hard coating comprises 50-100% by weight of a polyol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, lactitol and isomaltite.

In one embodiment of the invention, said outer coating may be a food film comprising at least one component selected from the group consisting of a food film-forming agent and a wax.

In one embodiment, the film-forming agent is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose derivative, modified starch, dextrin, gelatin, shellac, gum arabic, zein, vegetable gum, a synthetic polymer, and any combination thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, said outer coating comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a binding agent, a moisture-absorbing component, a film-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a tackifier, a filler, a flavoring agent, a coloring agent, and pharmaceutically or a cosmetically active component, a lipid component, a wax-containing component, a sugar, an acid and an agent capable of accelerating the degradation of a degradable polymer after chewing.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, said outer coating is a soft coating.

In one embodiment of the invention, said soft coating comprises a sugar free coating substance.

In one embodiment, chewing gum comprises polymers or resins commonly used in chewing gums.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one biologically degradable polymer comprises at least 5% of the chewing gum polymers.

In one embodiment, all biologically degradable polymers present in chewing gum comprise at least 25%, preferably at least 50% of the chewing gum polymers.

In one embodiment of the invention, the biodegradable polymers contained in chewing gum comprise at least 80%, preferably at least 90% of the chewing gum polymers.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum comprises at least one biologically degradable ester-based copolymer forming a chewing gum plasticizer and at least one standard biologically degradable elastomer.

In accordance with the present invention, the biologically degradable polymer of the present invention can serve as a substitute for a conventional natural or synthetic resin.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum comprises at least one biologically degradable ester-based copolymer forming an elastomer of chewing gum, and at least one standard biologically non-degradable natural or synthetic resin.

In accordance with the present invention, the biologically degradable polymer of the present invention can serve as a substitute for a standard low molecular weight or high molecular weight elastomer.

In one embodiment of the invention, chewing gum comprises

at least one biologically degradable elastomer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% chewing gum,

at least one biologically degradable plasticizer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% chewing gum, and

at least one chewing gum ingredient selected from the group consisting of softeners, sweeteners, flavoring agents, active ingredients and excipients in an amount of from about 2 to about 80 wt.% chewing gum.

Description of graphic material

The present invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, where

figure 1 illustrates the reaction of re-carbonization in the process of catalyzed octoatom tin polymerization with ring opening;

FIGS. 2-5 and 10-12 illustrate various evaluated structural properties of the resulting biologically degradable chewing gum polymer;

6-9 illustrate the estimated LVR properties of the resulting polymers incorporated into chewing gum, which were evaluated during chewing for 15, 30, 60 and 120 seconds, respectively.

13-16 illustrate the release properties of the ingredients of the obtained polymers when incorporated into chewing gum.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following embodiments of the present invention do not limit the scope of the invention and are provided merely to illustrate it.

Unless otherwise specified, the term “molecular weight” as used herein means number average molecular weight (Mn).

It has been unexpectedly discovered that biologically degradable elastomers suitable for the preparation of a chewing gum base composition can be prepared by metal-catalyzed ring opening polymerization using a combination of initiator containing a trifunctional or higher functional polyol and a mixture of cyclic monomers, including lactones, and, at least one cyclic carbonate monomer. These polymers have excellent elastomeric properties due to the fact that they are non-crystallizable polymers with a glass transition temperature below room temperature and are hyperbranched or contain a small number of cross bonds, and these properties give them excellent elasticity and elastic resilience.

To impart specific properties to the polymers of the present invention, a selection strategy for various monomers has been developed. The requirement of non-crystallinity is achieved by using two or more monomers, which can be included in the polymer chain in approximately arbitrary order, which creates disorder in this main chain. Crystallization is also hindered by the creation of a branch point introduced by a trifunctional or higher functional polyol initiator. The monomer, which is the main component of the main chain, which must also have a very low glass transition temperature, is selected from the family of aliphatic lactones, a non-limiting example of which is ε-caprolactone. The copolymer or copolymers used to introduce disordering in this structure should also be selected from the family of aliphatic lactones, but they must be different from the main monomer component. A representative, but not limiting, example of a monomer suitable for use with the main monomer component is δ-valerolactone.

An important and probably most unexpected discovery of the present invention was the fact that the addition of a small amount of a carbonate monomer, a non-limiting example of which is 1,3-dioxan-2-one (trimethylene carbonate), provides a means of introducing additional branching and / or crosslinking into elastomeric polymer during ring opening polymerization. Indeed, the level of cyclic carbonate in the monomer mixture provides precise control over the degree of branching and crosslinking in the final polymer. The mechanism by which the cyclic carbonate monomer promotes crosslinking is based on the well-known tendency of metal catalysts, a non-limiting example of which is tin octoate, to promote transesterification and transcarbonization reactions (intermolecular chain transfer to the polymer) during polymerization.

The re-carbonization reaction of lactone and carbonate monomers in the process of tin octo-catalyzed ring opening polymerization is illustrated in FIG. 1.

This mechanism is schematically illustrated in the drawings. Figure 1 shows the molecules of a star-shaped three-branched polymer obtained from a trifunctional polyol initiator (I), such as trimethylolpropane. The main chain of these polymers consists of randomly introduced monomer units of ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate, and the ends of each branch either carry a stannyl ether group that activates the polymerization specified in (1), or a hydroxyl group that does not activate the polymerization specified in (2). Transesterification (re-carbonization) involves the reaction of the stannyl ether group of one chain with the internal ester (carbonate) bond of another chain. In (3), the re-carbonization reaction between the molecules indicated by (1) and (2) is illustrated, as a result of which the intermediate compound (3) was obtained. This intermediate can degrade to form two different products, because the carbonate bond has two different acyl-oxygen bonds that can be broken. The decomposition path, schematically illustrated in this diagram, is one of the most important, since it leads to the formation of a new molecule (4), in which two branch points of the initiator are connected. This molecule is formed in the very early stages of hyperbranching. As similar reactions take place all the time, more and more branches are formed and the system ultimately becomes stitched. The degree of crosslinking depends on the partial loading of the cyclic carbonate monomer and on the degree of polymerization conversion. An alternative decomposition path that has not been illustrated does not result in branching and crosslinking. In addition, in the absence of a carbonate monomer, branching and crosslinking do not occur.

Molecule (5) is another unbranched copolymer.

The trifunctional or higher functional polyol initiators used in the present invention are glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, ethoxylated or propoxylated polyamines. Preferred initiators are trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol.

The monomer, which is the main component of the main chain, and the comonomer or comonomers used to make the molecule disordered can be selected from the same group. This group includes ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone and β-propiolactone. Such lactones are also ε-caprolactones, δ-valerolactones, γ-butyrolactones or β-propiolactones substituted with one or more alkyl or aryl substituents at any non-carbonyl carbon atoms on the ring, including compounds in which two substituents are present on the same same carbon atom. A preferred major monomer component is ε-caprolactone. A preferred comonomer is δ-valerolactone.

The carbonate monomers used in the present invention are trimethylene carbonate, 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, or 5-alkyl-5-alkyloxycarbonyl-1 , 3-dioxan-2-one. A preferred carbonate monomer is trimethylene carbonate.

In general terms, the level of crosslinking and the level of hyperbranching should be approximately the same, that is, if one of them is high or low, then the other should be the same.

In general terms, the greater the carbonate monomer / initiator ratio, the higher the level of hyperbranching and crosslinking.

In the polymerization process at high temperature, a small portion of the polymer chains contains a catalyst as part of its structure. This catalyst is transferred from chain to chain with the rapid onset of equilibrium of a chemical reaction. It is obvious that after polymerization, cooling and processing of the polymer, the catalyst is no longer part of the polymer structure.

Example 1

Getting the resin

A resin sample was obtained using a cylindrical glass 10-liter jacketed experimental reactor equipped with a glass rod stirrer with Teflon blades and bottom descent. The contents of the reactor were heated by circulating silicone oil, brought to 130 ° C using a thermostat, through an outer jacket. D, L-lactide (4.877 kg, 33.84 mol) was charged into the reactor and melted by heating to 140 ° C. for 6 hours. After the D, L-lactide was completely melted, the temperature was lowered to 130 ° C and tin octoate (2) (1.79 g, 4.42 x 10 ^-3 mol), 1,2-propylene glycol (79.87 g, 1.050 mol) and ε-caprolactone (290.76 g, 2.547 mol). After the mixture became homogeneous, stirring was continued for 24 hours at 130 ° C. After this time, the bottom descent opening was opened and the molten polymer was poured into a Teflon-coated dye tank.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 5700 g / mol, Mw = 7100 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with MALLS flow detector) and Tg = 30.7 ° C (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min).

Example 2

Obtaining a low molecular weight elastomer (LMWE)

515 mg of the LMWE sample was synthesized in a dry glove box under N ₂ , as described below. 0.73 g of 1,2-propanediol (3.3 ml of a 22.0% w / v solution in methylene chloride) and 0.152 g of Sn (0.25 g) were charged into a 500 ml polymer reactor equipped with a head (top) mechanical stirrer. Oct) ₂ (3.56 ml of a 4.27% (w / v) solution in methylene chloride) by blowing with dry gas N ₂ . Methylene chloride was evaporated by purging with N ₂ gas for 15 minutes. Then ε-caprolactone (300 g, 2.63 mol) and δ-valerolactone (215 g, 2.15 mol) were added. The polymer reactor was immersed in an oil bath with a constant temperature of 130 ° C and the contents were stirred for 14 hours. Then the reactor was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid elastic product was removed in small pieces with a knife and placed in a plastic container.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 59900 g / mol, Mw = 74200 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with MALLS flow detector) and T _g = -70 ° C (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min).

Example 3

Obtaining high molecular weight elastomer (HMWE) using a bifunctional initiator

An HMWE sample was synthesized in a dry glove box in an N ₂ atmosphere, as described below. 0.51 g of 1,2-propanediol (2.3 ml of a 22.0% (w / v) solution in MeCl ₂ ) and 0.15 g of Sn ( Oct) ₂ (2.6 ml of a 5.83% (w / v) solution in MeCl ₂ ) by blowing with dry gas N ₂ . MeCl _{2 was} evaporated by purging with N ₂ gas for 15 minutes. Then ε-caprolactone (274 g, 2.40 mol), TMS (49 g, 0.48 mol) and δ-valerolactone (192 g, 1.92 mol) were added. The polymer reactor was immersed in an oil bath with a constant temperature of 130 ° C and the contents were stirred for 14 hours. Then the reactor was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid elastic product was removed in small pieces with a knife and placed in a plastic container.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 72,400 g / mol, Mw = 103,300 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with flow MALLS) and T _g = -66 ° C (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min )

Example 4

Obtaining high molecular weight elastomer (HMWE) using a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches

A sample of the HMWE of the present invention was synthesized in a dry glove box in an atmosphere of N ₂ , as described below. 0.037 g of Sn (Oct) ₂ (3.4 ml of a 1.10% (w / v) solution in methylene chloride) was charged into a 500 ml polymer reactor equipped with a head mechanical stirrer while blowing with a dry N ₂ gas. Methylene chloride was evaporated by purging with N ₂ gas for 15 minutes. Then pentaerythritol (0.210 g, 1.54 x 10 ^-3 mol), ε-caprolactone (79.0 g, 0.692 mol), TMS (8.0 g, 0.078 mol) and δ-valerolactone (38.0 g, 0.380 mol). Then the polymer reactor was immersed in an oil bath with a constant temperature of 130 ° C and the contents were stirred for 14 hours. After that, the reactor was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid elastic product was removed in small pieces with a knife and placed in a plastic container.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 64600 g / mol, Mw = 165200 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with flow MALLS) and T _g = -66 ° C (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min )

Example 5

Gum base preparation

All gum bases were prepared in accordance with the following basic formulation:

Ingredients Weight percent Elastomer HMWE twenty Elastomer LMWE 40 Resin 40 Table 1 Gum base preparation No. Type of Elastomer HMWE Elastomer LMWE Resin 101 Standard Polyisobutylene
Mn = 73000 Polyisobutylene
Mn = 30000 Polyvinyl acetate
Mn = 5000 102 2 branch initiator The elastomeric polymer of example 3 The elastomeric polymer of example 2 The polymer resin of example 1 103 4 branch initiator The elastomeric polymer of example 4 The elastomeric polymer of example 2 The polymer resin of example 1

Gum bases were prepared as follows:

The HMWE elastomer was added to the stirred reactor equipped with a stirrer, for example in the form of horizontally arranged Z-shaped blades. This reactor was preheated for about 15 minutes to a temperature of about 60-80 ° C. The rubber was crushed into small pieces and mechanically softened in this reactor.

This resin was slowly added to the elastomer until the mixture became homogeneous. Then, the remaining resin was added to the reactor and stirred for 10-20 minutes. After that, the LMWE elastomer was added and the contents were mixed for 20-40 minutes until the whole mixture became homogeneous.

The mixture was then unloaded on a baking sheet at a temperature of 60-80 ° C and allowed to cool to room temperature, or the gum base mixture was immediately used to obtain chewing gum by adding, with continuous stirring, all the components of the chewing gum in the appropriate order.

Example 6

Getting chewing gum

All chewing gum compositions were prepared in accordance with the following basic formulation:

Peppermint

Ingredients Weight percent Gum base 40 Sorbitol 48.6 Lycazine 3 Peppermint Oil 1,5 Menthol crystals 0.5 Aspartame 0.2 Acesulfame 0.2 Xylitol 6 table 2 Getting peppermint chewing gum Type of Gum base 1001 standard 101 1002 bifunctional initiator 102 1003 4-star star initiator 103

Strawberries:

Ingredients Weight percent Gum base 40 Sorbitol 46.7 Lycazine 3 Lecithin 0.3 Wild strawberry oil 2 Apple acid 0.5 Lemon acid 1,1 Aspartame 0.3 Acesulfame 0.1 Xylitol 6 Table 3 Getting chewing gum with wild strawberries Type of Gum base 1004 bifunctional initiator 102 1005 4-star star initiator 103

Chewing gum products were prepared as follows:

The gum base was added to the stirred reactor equipped with a stirrer, for example in the form of horizontally arranged Z-shaped blades. This reactor was preheated for about 15 minutes to a temperature of about 60-80 ° C. Either chewing gum was obtained in one step immediately after receiving the gum base in the same mixer, where the gum base and the reactor had a temperature of about 60-80 ° C.

Peppermint composition:

One third of the sorbitol was added along with gum base and mixed for 1-2 minutes. Then another third of sorbitol and lacazin were added to the reactor, and the contents were mixed for 2 minutes. After that, the remaining third part of sorbitol, peppermint and menthol were added and the contents were mixed for 2 minutes. Then, aspartame and acesulfame were added to the reactor, and the contents were stirred for 3 minutes. After that, xylitol was added and the contents were mixed for 3 minutes. The resulting gum mixture was unloaded and transferred, for example, to a baking sheet at a temperature of 40-48 ° C. Then the gum mixtures were rolled and molded to obtain cores, sticks, balls, cubes and any other desired shapes, followed by optional coating and glossing, after which the product was packaged.

Strawberry Composition:

One third of the sorbitol was added along with gum base and mixed for 1-2 minutes. Then, another third of sorbitol, lacazin and lecithin were added to the reactor, and the contents were mixed for 2 minutes. After that, the remaining third part of sorbitol, strawberries and acids were added and the contents were mixed for 2 minutes. Then, aspartame and acesulfame were added to the reactor, and the contents were stirred for 3 minutes. After that, xylitol was added and the contents were mixed for 3 minutes. The resulting gum mixture was unloaded and transferred, for example, to a baking sheet at a temperature of 40-48 ° C. Then the gum mixtures were rolled and molded to obtain cores, sticks, balls, cubes and any other desired shapes, followed by optional coating and glossing, after which the product was packaged.

Example 7

This experiment was carried out in order to determine whether the HMWE elastomer containing the 4-branched star initiator has a closer rheological similarity to the standard HMWE elastomer obtained from, for example, polyisobutylene or butyl rubber, compared with the HMWE elastomer obtained using bifunctional initiator.

Accordingly, the following rheological parameters were measured on a rheometer type AR1000, TA Instrument. The oscillations were measured when a voltage was created in a linear viscoelastic region at a temperature of 130 ° C with a parallel system of plates (d = 2.0 cm, shaded). The value of G 'is given as a function of shear rate.

The results were systematized in Figs. 2, 3, and these results showed that the elasticity of the elastomer obtained using a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches had much greater similarity to the elasticity of a standard elastomer than the elasticity of an elastomer obtained using a bifunctional initiator. The same can be said of the compactness index G '.

Example 8

This experiment was carried out to test the gum bases obtained as described in example 5 and containing the same elastomers as described in example 7.

For example, a standard gum base containing 20% HMWE PIB (sample 101, table 1) was compared with a gum base containing 20% HMWE elastomer obtained using a bifunctional initiator (sample 102, table 1), and with a gum base containing 20% HMWE elastomer obtained using a 4-branched star-shaped initiator (Sample 103, Table 1). In accordance with this, the following rheological parameters G ′ and tan δ (tangent delta), depending on the shear rate at 130 ° C., were measured on a rheometer by the method described in the previous example.

The results were systematized in FIGS. 4 and 5, and these results showed that the gum base containing the star-shaped elastomer (103) had a closer rheological similarity with the gum base containing standard elastomers (101) compared to the gum base containing elastomer obtained with using a diol initiator (102).

Example 9

Chewing profile

This experiment was carried out to test the corresponding samples of chewing gum in comparison with the gum bases described in example 8. Chewing gums were obtained as described in example 6.

Chewing profile testing was carried out on chewing gum samples containing gum bases obtained using a star-shaped biologically degradable elastomer, a bifunctional elastomer and a standard elastomer (samples 1003, 1002 and 1001, respectively). The chewing gum cores were placed in a chewing machine (CF Jansson). The chewing frequency was set to 1 Hz, a buffer with an appropriate pH was used as saliva, and the temperature was 37 ° C. The chewing time was 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 120 seconds. After chewing, the spent chewing gum was evaluated on a rheometer, as described in example 7, by measuring vibrations at 37 ° C.

The results of these measurements are presented in FIGS. 6, 7, 8, and 9, which show the curves of the compactability indices (G ') as a function of the vibrational moment at various periods of chewing time and the changes in consistency during chewing are illustrated.

6, it can be seen that although the compositions of two chewing gums containing elastomers obtained using a bifunctional star-shaped initiator (1002) and a multifunctional star-shaped initiator (1003) in the initial chewing phase, that is, after 30 seconds, were softer, see Fig. 7, however, the standard elastomer (1001) was more similar to the other two samples, and sample 1003 had more similarities to the standard sample than to sample 1002.

As illustrated in FIG. 8, the difference between the three samples is similar to the difference illustrated in FIG. 7 after chewing for 60 seconds. After chewing for 120 seconds, see FIG. 9, this difference becomes smaller, and the values obtained for sample 1003 are most similar to those for the standard composition.

The above results of rheological properties assessment confirm the fact that the elastomer obtained using a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches has a greater structural similarity to standard elastomers, in contrast to an elastomer obtained using a bifunctional initiator, with the same time dependence.

Example 10

Sensory analysis of the consistency profile of the tested chewing gum

Three samples of chewing gum were tested by distributing them to members of the Sensory Analysis Commission located in tasting booths complying with ISO 8598 at room temperature in 40 ml odorless and tasteless plastic cups with arbitrary 3-digit codes. These test samples were evaluated after chewing for 0-0.5 minutes (initial phase 1), 0.5-1 minutes (initial phase 2), 1-1.5 minutes (intermediate phase 1), 1.5-2 minutes (intermediate phase 2), 2-2.5 minutes (intermediate phase 3), 2.5-3 minutes (intermediate phase 4), 4-4.5 minutes (final phase 1), 4.5-5 minutes ( final phase 2), respectively. After evaluating each sample, the taster took a break of 3 minutes. Each test was repeated.

Then evaluated the following parameters of consistency: softness, strength and elasticity. For each of these parameters, tasters were required to give an assessment on an arbitrary scale of 0-15. The data obtained were processed using the FIZZ computer program (French Bio System) and, based on the results obtained, diagrams of sensor profiles were constructed, as shown in Figs. 10-12. The main differences between the tested chewing gums in all phases of testing were as follows.

Chewing gums containing elastomers obtained using the initiator (1002, 1003) were softer compared to standard chewing gum (which was confirmed by rheological data obtained as described above in Example 9). Comparison of chewing gum containing the polymers obtained using the initiator 1002 and 1003 showed that the softness of chewing gum 1003 (with a star-shaped initiator) was more similar to the softness of standard chewing gum, except for the initial phases of chewing.

11 shows that chewing gum containing an elastomer obtained using a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches (1003) had higher strength than chewing gum containing an elastomer obtained using a bifunctional initiator (1002), with the exception of the initial phases chewing. The strength of chewing gum 1003 was more similar to the strength of standard chewing gum than the strength of chewing gum 1002.

The best elasticity of the elastomer obtained using a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches is supposedly due to its branching, as confirmed by the data presented in Fig. 12, from which it is seen that chewing gum 1003 has higher elasticity and is more similar to standard chewing gum than with chewing gum 1002 (obtained using a bifunctional initiator), approximately 70% of the test time.

Example 11

Sensory analysis of the taste profile of the test chewing gum

Three chewing gum samples were tested using the sensory method as described above in Example 10. These test samples were evaluated after chewing for 0-1 minutes (initial phase 1), 1-2 minutes (intermediate phase 1), 2-3 minutes (intermediate phase 2), 3-4 minutes (intermediate phase 3) and 4-5 minutes (final phase 1), respectively.

Then, the following taste parameters were evaluated: sweetness, severity of taste and cooling effect. For each of these parameters, tasters were required to give an assessment on an arbitrary scale of 0-15. The obtained data were processed using the FIZZ computer program (French Bio System) and, based on the obtained results, diagrams of sensor profiles were constructed, as shown in Figs. 13-15.

The main differences between the tested chewing gums in all phases of testing were as follows:

chewing gum containing an elastomer obtained using a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches, 1003, gave a higher level of sensation of sweetness in the initial phase of chewing (Fig.13). Specified chewing gum gave a more pronounced cooling effect and taste compared to a chewing gum composition containing an HMWE elastomer obtained using a bifunctional initiator, 1002 (FIGS. 14 and 15).

Therefore, we can conclude that the use of a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches is advantageous in terms of basic taste properties.

Example 12

Sensory analysis of test chewing gum for the intensity of the release of ingredients versus time

Two samples of chewing gum with wild strawberries were tested by distributing them to members of the Sensory Analysis Commission located in tasting booths meeting ISO 8598 standards at room temperature in 40 ml odorless and tasteless plastic cups with arbitrary 3-digit codes. These samples were tested for 3 minutes and evaluated every 10 seconds. After evaluating each sample, the taster took a break of 3 minutes. Each test was repeated. To collect and process the data, the FIZZ (French Bio System) computer program was used and, based on the obtained results, sensor diagrams were plotted versus time, as shown in Fig. 16.

The severity of the strawberry flavor of the chewing gum containing the elastomer obtained using a star-shaped initiator with 4 branches, 1005, was generally higher than the severity of taste of the chewing gum composition containing the HMWE elastomer obtained using the bifunctional initiator 1004 (FIG. 16 )

Claims (64)

1. A degradable chewing gum polymer, including a polymer polymerized from, at least one trifunctional or more highly functional initiator, at least two different monomers forming the main chain of the polymer, and, at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of carbonate monomers. 2. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, wherein said at least two different monomers are cyclic. 3. The degradable polymer of chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least two different monomers forming the main chain of the polymer include at least one main chain monomer and at least one main chain comonomer. 4. A degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 3, wherein at least one main chain comonomer introduces disorder into the main chain monomer chain. 5. A degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 3 or 4, wherein at least one main chain comonomer is effective for introducing amorphous regions into the main chain monomer chain. 6. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, where at least two different monomers forming the main polymer chain are selected from the group consisting of lactone monomers. 7. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 6, wherein the lactone monomers are selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone, β-propiolactone and mixtures thereof, and where the lactone monomers are optionally substituted with one or more alkyl or aryl substituents on any non-carbonyl carbon atom on the ring, including compounds in which two substituents are present on the same carbon atom, and mixtures thereof. 8. A degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 3, wherein at least one backbone monomer comprises ε-caprolactone. 9. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 3, where at least one main chain monomer has a glass transition temperature Tg below -40 ° C. 10. A degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 3, wherein at least one main chain comonomer comprises δ-valerolactone. 11. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, wherein said degradable polymer is polymerized by a metal-catalyzed ring opening. 12. A degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, wherein at least one monomer is selected from the group consisting of cyclic carbonate monomers. 13. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, wherein at least one monomer is selected from the group consisting of trimethylene carbonate, 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5,5-dialkyl-1,3 -dioxan-2-one, 5-alkyl-5-alkyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, ethylene carbonate, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl trimethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, trimethylene carbonate, trimethylol propane monocarbonate, 4,6-dimethyl-1, 3-propylene carbonate, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and 1,3-dioxepan-2-one, and mixtures thereof. 14. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, where at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of carbonate monomers provides means for introducing additional branching, cross-linking, or combinations thereof into the elastomeric polymer during ring-opening polymerization . 15. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, where at least one trifunctional or more highly functional initiator includes a polyol. 16. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, wherein said initiator is selected from the group consisting of glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, ethoxylated or propoxylated polyamines, molecules with many hydroxyl or other reactive groups, and mixtures thereof. 17. The degradable polymer of chewing gum according to claim 1, where the degradable polymer of chewing gum is polymerized from about 20-80 wt.%, at least one main chain monomer, about 19.5-79.5 wt.%, at least one main chain comonomer and about 0.5-25 wt.%, at least one monomer selected from the group of carbonate monomers. 18. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 17, wherein the degradable chewing gum polymer is polymerized from about 0.01-1.0 wt.% Of at least one initiator. 19. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, where the properties of the chewing gum polymer are adjusted by selecting the appropriate functional number of the multifunctional initiator. 20. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, wherein the rheological properties of the degradable polymer are controlled by adjusting the functional number of the initiator. 21. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 6, wherein the lactone monomers are selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone and β-propiolactone, and also include ε-caprolactones, δ-valerolactones, γ-butyrolactones or β-propiolactones substituted with one or more alkyl or aryl substituents at any non-carbonyl carbon atom on the ring, including compounds in which two substituents are present on the same carbon atom, and mixtures thereof. 22. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 1, wherein the carbonate monomer is selected from the group consisting of trimethylene carbonate, 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxan-2- she, 5-alkyl-5-alkyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, ethylene carbonate, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl, propylene carbonate, trimethylolpropane monocarbonate, 4,6-dimethyl-1,3-propylene carbonate, 2.2 -dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and 1,3-dioxepan-2-one and mixtures thereof. 23. The degradable chewing gum polymer according to claim 6, where the molecular weight of the lactone monomers is 50-16000 g / mol. 24. The degradable polymer of chewing gum according to claim 1, where the molecular weight of carbonate monomers is 50-15000 g / mol. 25. Chewing gum containing a degradable polymer according to claim 1 and the chewing gum ingredients. 26. Chewing gum according A.25, where these gum ingredients include flavorings. 27. Chewing gum according to claim 26, wherein said flavors include natural and synthetic flavors in the form of natural plant components, essential oils, essences, extracts, powders, including acids or other substances capable of affecting taste characteristics. 28. Chewing gum according to item 26, where the specified chewing gum contains a flavor in an amount of from 0.01 to about 30% of the total mass of chewing gum. 29. Chewing gum according to item 26, where the specified chewing gum contains a flavor in an amount of from 0.2 to about 4% of the total mass of chewing gum. 30. Chewing gum according to claim 26, wherein said flavoring comprises water-soluble ingredients. 31. Chewing gum according to claim 30, wherein said water-soluble ingredients contain acids. 32. Chewing gum according to claim 26, wherein said flavor contains water-insoluble ingredients. 33. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified ingredients of the specified chewing gum include sweeteners. 34. Chewing gum according to claim 33, wherein said sweetener comprises bulk sweeteners. 35. Chewing gum according to clause 34, where the specified chewing gum contains loose sweeteners in an amount of from about 5 to about 95 wt.% Chewing gum. 36. Chewing gum according to claim 33, wherein said sweetener comprises high intensity sweeteners. 37. Chewing gum according to clause 36, where these high-intensity sweeteners include sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame salts, alitam, saccharin and its salts, cyclamic acid and its salts, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones, thaumatin, monellin, stevioside, taken separately or in combination. 38. Chewing gum according to clause 36, where the specified chewing gum includes high intensity sweeteners in an amount of from about 0 to about 1 wt.% Chewing gum. 39. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified chewing gum contains at least one softener. 40. Chewing gum according to claim 39, wherein at least one emollient comprises tall oil, hydrogenated tall oil, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, lecithin, mono-, di- and triglycerides , acetylated monoglycerides, fatty acids such as stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, waxes, polyglycol esters or mixtures thereof. 41. Chewing gum according to § 39, where the specified chewing gum contains emollients in an amount of from about 0 to about 18 wt.% Chewing gum. 42. Chewing gum according A.25, where the ingredients of the specified chewing gum include the active ingredients. 43. Chewing gum according to claim 42, wherein said active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, buprenorphine, bromhexine, celoxib, codeine, diphenhydramine, diclofenac, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, lorofenofenofetrofen, ketoferofen, ketofrof, ketoprof, oxycodone, parecoxib, piroxicam, rofecoxib, tenoxicam, tramadol, valdecoxib, calcium carbonate, magaldrate, disulfiram, bupropion, nicotine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clotrimazole, erythromycin, tetracycline, border throne, ondansetron, promethazine, tropisetron, brompheniramine, ceterizine, lecoceterisine, chlorocyclisin, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, phenofenadine, guaifenesin, loratidin, benzodinodinofenedinofenedinofenedinofenedinofenedinodinofenedinofenidinodinodinodinofenidinodinodinodinamidinodinodinodinodinina , benzethidine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, ecobet sodium, haloperidol, allopurinol, colchinin, theophylline, propanolol, prednisolone, prednisone, fluoride, urea, miconazole, actota, glibenclam yes, glipizide, metformin, miglitol, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, apomorphine, Cialis, Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Diphenoxylate, Simethicone, cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, ratinidina, tsetrizina, loratadine, aspirin, benzocaine, dextromethorphan, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, cisapride, domperidone, metoclopramide, acyclovir, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, phenolphthalein, almotriptan, eletriptan, ergotamine, mighea, naratriptan, risatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, aluminum salts, calcium salts, iron salts, salt silver, zinc salts, amphotericin B, chlorhexidine, miconazole, triamcinolone acetonide, melatonin, phenobarbital, caffeine, benzodiazepiner, hydroxyzine, meprobamate, phenothiazine, buclizine, brometazine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, diphenhydrinfine, chenfenfedine, diphenhydrinfine, chenfenfedine, diphenhydrinfine, chenfenfedine, diphenhydrinfine, chenfenfedine, diphenhydrinfine, chenfenfedine, diphenhydrinfin phenylephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, sibutramine, ketoconazole, nitroglycerin, nystatin, progesterone, testosterone, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, pilocarpine, aluminum acetate Ia, cimetidine, esomeprazole, famotidine, lansoprazole, magnesium oxide nizatida and / or ratinidina or their derivatives and mixtures thereof. 44. Chewing gum according A.25, where the polymers of chewing gum are biologically degradable. 45. Chewing gum according A.25, where the chewing gum contains a filler. 46. Chewing gum of claim 1, where the chewing gum contains a filler in an amount of from about 0 to about 50 wt.% Chewing gum. 47. Chewing gum according A.25, where the chewing gum contains at least one dye. 48. Chewing gum according to claim 25, wherein the chewing gum has an outer coating. 49. Chewing gum according to claim 48, wherein said outer coating is hard. 50. Chewing gum according to claim 49, wherein said hard coating is a coating selected from the group consisting of sugar coating and non-sugar coating and combinations thereof. 51. Chewing gum according to § 49, where the hard coating contains 50-100 wt.% Polyol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, lactitol and isomaltite. 52. Chewing gum according to paragraph 51, where the specified outer coating is a food film containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of a food-based film-forming agent and wax. 53. Chewing gum according to claim 52, wherein said film-forming agent is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivative, modified starch, dextrin, gelatin, shellac, gum arabic, zein, vegetable gum, synthetic polymer and any combination thereof. 54. Chewing gum according to claim 48, wherein said outer coating comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a binding agent, a moisture absorbent component, a film-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a tackifier, a filler, a flavoring agent, a dye, a pharmaceutically or cosmetically active component, a lipid component, a wax-containing component, a sugar, an acid, and an agent capable of accelerating the degradation of a degradable polymer after chewing. 55. Chewing gum according to claim 48, wherein said outer coating is soft. 56. Chewing gum according to item 55, where the specified soft coating includes a substance for coatings that do not contain sugar. 57. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified chewing gum contains polymers or resins commonly used in chewing gums. 58. Chewing gum according to claim 25, wherein the at least one biologically degradable polymer comprises at least 5% of the chewing gum polymers. 59. Chewing gum according to claim 25, wherein all biologically degradable polymers present in chewing gum comprise at least 25% of the chewing gum polymers. 60. Chewing gum according to claim 25, wherein all biologically degradable polymers contained in chewing gum comprise at least 80% of the chewing gum polymers. 61. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified chewing gum contains said at least one biologically degradable ester-based copolymer forming a chewing gum plasticizer, and, at least one biologically non-degradable standard elastomer. 62. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified chewing gum contains said at least one biologically degradable ester-based copolymer forming an chewing gum elastomer, and, at least one biologically non-degradable standard natural or synthetic resin. 63. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified chewing gum contains, at least one biologically degradable elastomer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% chewing gum, at least one biologically degradable plasticizer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% chewing gum and, at least one chewing gum ingredient selected from the group consisting of softeners, sweeteners, flavorings, active ingredients and excipients in an amount of from about 2 to about 80 wt.% chewing gum. 64. Gum base, containing at least one degradable polymer of chewing gum according to claim 1.

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