RU2300201C2 - Chewing gum containing at least two different biodegradable polymers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: polymer materials and food industry.

SUBSTANCE: chewing gum contains at least two different biodegradable polymers having different glass-transition temperatures Tg. At least one of these polymers, preferably plasticizer, has glass-transition temperature at least +1°C and at least one of utilized biodegradable polymers has glass-transition temperature below 0°C. Thus composed chewing gum has texture comparable with customary chewing gum.

EFFECT: increased chewing gum production resource.

64 cl, 14 dwg, 4 tbl, 12 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to chewing gum containing at least two different biodegradable polymers.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Softeners are small molecular structures commonly used to modify the consistency (structure) of an elastomer used in chewing gum. The problem that arises when softeners are introduced into biodegradable polymers is that the softener tends to dissolve the polymer until the desired consistency is achieved.

The aim of the present invention is to obtain chewing gum having a certain desired consistency, when adjusted which does not dissolve the overall structure of chewing gum.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a fully biodegradable chewing gum having a structure comparable to that of a standard chewing gum.

According to the prior art, a glass transition temperature of chewing gum is a very important factor. This is especially important if you need to get biodegradable chewing gum.

The glass transition temperature Tg can be broadly defined as the temperature at which the properties of the polymer undergo a significant change. Tg means the temperature at which the polymer structure becomes "rubbery" after heating and "glassy" after cooling. Tg is considered as the temperature of the so-called second-order phase transition, i.e., a thermal transition, which leads to a change in heat capacity, but does not have latent heat.

According to the prior art relating to chewing gums, for example, as disclosed in WO 00/19837 and in US Pat. No. 5,672,367, serious attempts have been made to obtain a glass transition temperature of the chewing gum used below about 37 ° C. In other words, it is desirable that when the consumer chewing the chewing gum and actually heating it in the mouth, the state of the chewing gum can change from a temperature below the glass transition temperature to a temperature above the glass transition temperature.

On the other hand, as is usually applied to chewing gum and as described, for example, in US Pat. No. 5,523,098, the glass transition temperature of the chewing gum should not be significantly lower than the expected allowable storage temperature, for example, 10-12 ° C. For this reason, considerable efforts have been made to prevent a possible increase in temperature in order to avoid sticking. It is believed that such transportation and storage temperatures are economically inefficient. In fact, such temperatures may not be suitable for transportation. Thus, for example, US Pat. No. 5,523,098 teaches that cold flow causes the individual tablets or gum base plates to stick together or melt together, so that individual plates or granules cannot be removed from the container or carton. A gum base granular or molded into plates, which is stored or transported at temperatures above their glass transition temperature, can be deformed. Under the influence of gravitational forces, these plates or tablets agglomerate, or form a common mass, with other tablets or plates.

This requirement is reflected in WO 00/19837 and in US Pat. No. 5,672,367, which describes biodegradable chewing gum containing one single polymer having a relatively high glass transition temperature.

However, a disadvantage of the prior art biodegradable chewing gum is that by their nature, biodegradable elastomer polymers are slightly different from standard elastomers. According to the prior art, various properties are associated with maintaining the glass transition temperature of the obtained chewing gum lower than about 37 ° C, resulting in chewing gums with the desired properties.

However, the disadvantage of the above chewing gums is that the final consistency obtained may differ from the consistency of standard chewing gum.

An object of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable chewing gum having a consistency comparable to that of a standard chewing gum.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a biodegradable chewing gum that can actually be transported and distributed under normal or at least essentially normal distribution parameters for standard chewing gum and which, on the other hand, has an acceptable consistency when used as a chewing gum rubber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to chewing gum containing at least two different biodegradable polymers.

In accordance with the present invention, chewing gum containing at least two different biodegradable polymers has an improved consistency before any addition of, for example, softeners. It was found that contrary to all the expectations and descriptions in the prior art, the desired structural properties of chewing gum can be actually achieved by combining biodegradable polymers of chewing gum, for example, in a gum base or in the final rubber.

The fact that biodegradable polymers can actually be included in a suitable polymer gum base, for example at least one biodegradable elastomer and at least one biodegradable synthetic resin substitute, makes it easier to obtain a fully biodegradable commercial chewing gum.

In accordance with the present invention, the chewing gum should preferably contain various biodegradable polymers to provide a uniform or specific desired release profile of the ingredients over time.

In accordance with the present invention, it was found that chewing gum based on biodegradable polymers is characterized in that, compared to the release in chewing gums made using a standard base, it has an improved release of flavoring agents, active ingredients or, for example, sweeteners . In particular, it has been found that various biodegradable polymers, compared to standard chewing gum, typically provide chewing gum with highly different release properties during the entire chewing phase.

In addition, in accordance with the present invention, it was found that, in fact, the various release profiles of the ingredients can be combined to obtain the desired release profile.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least two different polymers are hydrophilic.

It should be noted that the degree of hydrophilicity of the polymer can vary significantly for each specific polymer. However, in general, biodegradable polymers are more hydrophilic than standard polymers.

Typical biodegradable polymers are relatively hydrophilic.

In one embodiment, the molecular weight difference of at least two different polymers is at least 1000 g / mol (Mn).

In one embodiment, the molecular weight difference of at least two different polymers is at least 10,000 g / mol (Mn).

In one embodiment of the invention, the difference in molecular weight of at least two different polymers is at least 50,000 g / mol (Mn).

The use of biodegradable polymers with relatively significant differences in molecular weight increases the possibility of adjusting both the consistency and, for example, the release of chewing gum ingredients.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one of said at least two different biodegradable polymers comprises a biodegradable elastomer; and at least one of said at least two different biodegradable polymers comprises a biodegradable plasticizer, wherein said biodegradable plasticizer contains at least one biodegradable polymer.

According to the state of the art, in the field of biodegradable chewing gum production, attempts have been made to obtain chewing gum having structural properties comparable to those of standard chewing gum. As described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,153,231, it was found that chewing gum made from biodegradable elastomers should preferably be made from elastomer, thereby eliminating the undesirable stickiness reported by standard plasticizers.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it has been found that a virtually biodegradable polymer plasticizer can be combined with an elastomer without risk of stickiness. In addition, it was found that an improved consistency can be achieved by incorporating biodegradable plasticizers into chewing gum or gum base.

Other important chewing gum properties can also be improved over a standard biodegradable system containing one or two elastomers.

In one embodiment, the molecular weight of said biodegradable plasticizer is 500-19000 g / mol, preferably 1500-9000 g / mol (Mn).

In one embodiment of the invention, said at least two different biodegradable polymers have different glass transition temperatures Tg.

According to the invention, it was found that a biodegradable chewing gum having a consistency comparable to that of a standard chewing gum can be obtained when at least two of the biodegradable polymers used have different glass transition temperatures. In other words, the biodegradable polymers used form a hybrid polymer gum base or chewing gum having at least two different properties with respect to the glass transition temperature.

According to the invention, at least one of the biodegradable polymers used can be used to prevent cold flow of the gum base or the final chewing gum, and at least one of the other polymers can be used to obtain a chewing gum having the desired consistency properties.

In other words, in accordance with the present invention, it has been found that the expected requirements for the biodegradable chewing gum polymers used can be significantly weakened if several polymers of the present invention are used.

Therefore, in accordance with the invention, an important problem regarding the facilitation of transportation of the final product and associated with its cold fluidity (natural fluidity) can be unexpectedly associated with the use of at least one stabilizing biodegradable polymer, for example a biodegradable polymer having relatively a high glass transition temperature, and mixed with an additional biodegradable polymer having a different glass transition temperature different from the temperature lovaniya stabilizing polymers. Typically, at least one additional biodegradable polymer, for example an elastomer having a relatively low glass transition temperature, may be selected.

In addition, in accordance with the present invention, it was found that biodegradable polymers, when introduced into the gum base or chewing gum composition, are quite sensitive compared to standard polymers, and, in addition, it was found that such sensitivity to the action of softeners can be compensated by using consistency-improving mixtures consisting of at least two polymers having different glass transition temperatures. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the need for weakening structure softeners due to the fact that the consistency is improved compared to the consistency of chewing gum containing polymers with the same Tg.

In one embodiment of the invention, said at least two different biodegradable polymers have different glass transition temperatures Tg.

In accordance with the present invention, at least one of the biodegradable polymers used can be used to counteract the in vivo flow of the gum base or final chewing gum, and at least one other polymer can be used to produce chewing gum with the desired properties in regarding consistency.

One of the polymers used to counteract flow should preferably have a relatively high glass transition temperature, and the other polymer giving the preferred consistency should preferably have a relatively low glass transition temperature, usually well below room temperature.

In one embodiment, at least one of the biodegradable polymers used, preferably a plasticizer, has a glass transition temperature of at least + 1 ° C.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the biodegradable polymers used, preferably a plasticizer, has a glass transition temperature of at least + 10 ° C.

In one embodiment, at least one of the biodegradable polymers used, and preferably a plasticizer, has a glass transition temperature of at least + 20 ° C.

In one embodiment, at least one of the biodegradable polymers used includes a biodegradable elastomer.

In one embodiment, the molecular weight of said biodegradable elastomer is 10,000-1000000 g / mol (Mn), preferably 30000-250000 g / mol (Mn).

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the polymers used has an Mn of at least 100,000 g / mol.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the at least two different biodegradable polymers has a glass transition temperature below 0 ° C.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one of the at least two different biodegradable polymers has a glass transition temperature of less than -30 ° C, and preferably less than -50 ° C.

In one embodiment, at least two different biodegradable polymers and the resulting chewing gum have at least two different glass transition temperatures Tg.

According to the present invention, it has been found that the desired structural properties can be achieved by mixing chewing gum elastomer and elastomer solvents having at least two different Tg.

In one embodiment of the invention, the chewing gum comprises at least one biodegradable elastomer having a glass transition temperature Tg below 0 ° C, and at least one biodegradable plasticizer having a glass transition temperature Tg above 0 ° C.

In one embodiment, the at least one plasticizer comprises a biodegradable polymer obtained by polymerizing one or more cyclic esters.

In one embodiment, the at least one elastomer comprises a biodegradable polymer obtained by polymerizing one or more cyclic esters.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one elastomer comprises food grade polyesters.

In one embodiment, the at least one elastomer comprises food grade polyesters or polyhydroxyalkanoates.

In one embodiment, the ingredients of said chewing gum include flavoring agents.

In one embodiment of the invention, said flavoring agents include natural and synthetic flavoring agents in the form of natural plant components, essential oils, essences, extracts, powders, including acids and other substances capable of affecting taste characteristics.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises a flavor in an amount of from 0.01 to about 30 wt.% Of the total weight of the chewing gum.

In one embodiment of the invention, said chewing gum comprises a flavor in an amount of 0.2 to about 4% by weight based on the total weight of the chewing gum.

In one of the embodiments of the invention, the specified flavoring agent contains water-soluble ingredients.

In one embodiment of the invention, said water soluble flavor contains acid.

In accordance with the present invention, an unexpected initial acid release was obtained.

In one embodiment of the invention, said flavoring agent contains water-insoluble ingredients.

In one embodiment, the ingredients of said chewing gum include sweeteners.

In one embodiment of the invention, said sweetener comprises bulk sweeteners.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum comprises bulk sweeteners in an amount of from about 5 to about 95 wt.% Chewing gum, and usually from about 20 to about 80 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment, the sweetener includes high intensity sweeteners.

In one embodiment, said high intensity sweeteners include sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame salts, alitam, saccharin and its salts, cyclamic acid and its salts, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones, thaumatin, monellin, steroside, taken separately or in combination.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum comprises high intensity sweeteners in an amount of from about 0 to about 1 wt.% Chewing gum, and usually in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 0.5 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment of the invention, the chewing gum comprises at least one emollient.

In one embodiment, the at least one emollient comprises tall oil, hydrogenated tall oil, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, lecithin, mono-, di- and triglycerides, acetylated monoglycerides, fatty acids such as stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, chewing gum comprises emollients in an amount of from about 0 to about 18 wt.% Chewing gum, and usually from about 0 to about 12 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment of the invention, the chewing gum ingredients include the active ingredients.

In one embodiment of the invention, said active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylsir, buprenorphine, bromhexine, celoxib, codeine, diphenhydramine, diclofenac, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, morofoxoxib, morumoxoxib, lumiraxoxib, piroxicam, pseudoephedrine, rofecoxib, tenoxicam, tramadol, valdecoxib, calcium carbonate, magaldrate, disulfiram, bupropion, nicotine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clotrimazole, erythromycin , tetracycline, granisetron, ondansetron, promethazine, tropisetron, brompheniramine, ceterisin, leco-ceterisin, chlorocyclisin, chlorpheniramine, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, phenofenadinodinodinodinodinodinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinodinidinodinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinodinidinodinidinodinidinidinidinodinidinodinidinodinidinodinidinidinidadinidinidinidinidinidadinidinadinidadinidinidinodinidinadinidadeninapidinidinodinidinodinidinidadinidininaptininapina , methylphenidate, benzalkonium chloride, benzethidine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, ecobet sodium, halogenperidol, allopurinol, colchinine, theophylline, propanolol, prednisolone, prednisone, fluoride , urea, miconazole, actot, glibenclamide, glipizide, metformin, miglitol, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, apomorphine, cialis, sildenafil, vardenafil, diphenoxylate, simethicone, cimetidine, aspotorin, benzoferin tetrinfin tetrin, ratinidin tetrinfin tetrin, ratinidin tetrine, ratitinidineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridinetaridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridineteridinitaridineteridinitridinitinidinitridinitinitridina and rattinidaridinetridinidinetaridinetridinitinitridin , phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, cisapride, domperidone, metoclopramide, acyclovir, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, phenolphthalein, almotriptan, eletriptan, ergotamine, mighea, naratriptan, risatriptan, sumatriptan, solit aluminum, calcium salts, iron salts, silver salts, zinc salts, amphotericin B, chlorhexidine, miconazole, triamcinolone acetonide, melatonin, phenobarbital, caffeine, benzodiazepiner, hydroxyzine, meprobamate, phenothiazine, buclizine, brometazinfinfindenine, cinnine, cinnine, cinnamine, dynefinfinfinfin amide, cinnin , amphetamine, caffeine, ephedrine, orlistat, phenylephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, sibutramine, ketoconazole, nitroglycerin, nystatin, progesterone, testosterone, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, B itamine E, pilocarpine, aluminum aminoacetate, cimetidine, esomeprazole, famotidine, lansoprazole, magnesium oxide, nizatide and / or ratinidine or their derivatives and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum is free of biologically non-degradable polymers.

In one embodiment, at least two or more cyclic esters are selected from the group of glycolides, lactides, lactones, cyclic carbonates, or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the lactone monomers are selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone and β-propiolactone. It also includes ε-caprolactones, δ-valerolactones, γ-butyrolactones or β-propiolactones substituted with one or more alkyl or aryl substituents on any non-carbonyl ring atoms, including compounds in which two substituents are present on the same carbon atom .

In one embodiment, the carbonate monomer is selected from the group consisting of trimethylene carbonate, 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5-alkyl -5-alkyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, ethylene carbonate, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl, propylene carbonate, trimethylolpropane monocarbonate, 4,6-dimethyl-1,3-propylene carbonate, 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate and 1, 3-dioxepan-2-one and mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, cyclic ester polymers and copolymers thereof resulting from the polymerization of cyclic ether monomers include, but are not limited to, poly (L-lactide); poly (D-lactide); poly (D, L-lactide); poly (mesolactide); poly (glycolide); poly (trimethylene carbonate); poly (epsilon-caprolactone); a copolymer of L-lactide and D, L-lactide; a copolymer of L-lactide and mesolactide; a copolymer of L-lactide and glycolide; a copolymer of L-lactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and mesolactide; copolymer of D, L-lactide and glycolide; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of mesolactide and glycolide; a copolymer of mesolactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of mesolactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of glycolide and trimethylene carbonate; and a copolymer of glycolide and epsilon-caprolactone.

In one embodiment of the invention, chewing gum comprises a filler.

If necessary, the chewing gum base composition may include one or more fillers / builders, including, for example, magnesium and calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate, crushed limestone, silicate compounds such as magnesium and aluminum silicate, kaolin and clay, alumina, silica, talc, titanium oxide, mono-, di- and tricalcium phosphates, cellulose polymers such as wood, and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum comprises a filler in an amount of from about 0 to about 50 wt.% Chewing gum, and usually from about 10 to about 40 wt.% Chewing gum.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum contains at least one dye.

In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the chewing gum may contain colorants and bleaches, such as colorants and varnishes of the FD&C type, fruit and vegetable extracts, titanium dioxide, and combinations thereof. Other suitable chewing gum base components include antioxidants, for example, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA), propyl gallate and tocopherols, and preservatives.

In one embodiment, the chewing gum is coated with an outer (outer) coating.

In one embodiment, the outer coating is solid.

In one embodiment, the hard coating is a coating selected from the group consisting of sugar coating and non-sugar coating and combinations thereof.

In one embodiment, the hard coating comprises 50-100 wt.% A polyol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, lactitol, and isomaltite.

In one embodiment, the outer coating is a food film containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of a food film-forming agent and a wax.

In one embodiment, the film-forming agent is selected from the group consisting of a cellulose derivative, modified starch, dextrin, gelatin, shellac, gum arabic, zein, vegetable gum, a synthetic polymer, and any combination thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the outer coating comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a binding agent, a moisture-absorbing component, a film-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a tackifier, a filler, a flavoring agent, a coloring agent, pharmaceutically or a cosmetically active component, a lipid component, a wax-containing component, a sugar, an acid and an agent capable of accelerating the degradation of a degradable polymer after chewing.

In yet another embodiment, the outer coating is a soft coating.

In one embodiment, the soft coating comprises a sugar-free coating substance.

In one embodiment, chewing gum comprises polymers or resins commonly used in chewing gums.

In one embodiment, at least one biodegradable polymer comprises at least 5% of the chewing gum polymers.

In one embodiment, all biodegradable polymers present in chewing gum comprise at least 25%, preferably at least 50%, of the chewing gum polymers.

In one embodiment, the biodegradable polymers contained in chewing gum comprise at least 80%, preferably at least 90%, of all polymers of chewing gum.

In accordance with the present invention, the biodegradable polymer of the present invention can serve as a substitute for a conventional natural or synthetic resin.

According to the present invention, the biodegradable polymer of the present invention can serve as a substitute for a standard low molecular weight or high molecular weight elastomer.

In one embodiment of the invention, chewing gum comprises:

at least one biodegradable elastomer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% chewing gum,

at least one biodegradable plasticizer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% chewing gum, and

at least one chewing gum ingredient selected from the group consisting of softeners, sweeteners, flavoring agents, active ingredients and excipients in an amount of from about 2 to about 80 wt.% chewing gum.

In one embodiment, food grade polyesters can be used as a degradable chewing gum polymer.

Food polyesters are prepared by esterification of at least one alcohol and one acid.

A food-grade polyester is prepared by a polycondensation reaction of at least one alcohol selected from the group consisting of trihydric and dihydric alcohol and at least one acid selected from the group consisting of dicarboxylic acid and tricarboxylic acid.

Food materials or food grade materials may also be used. Since the starting acids and alcohols are edible materials, the polymers obtained from them are edible.

Alcohols: glycerin, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylenediol.

Acids: citric acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dodecandic acid, glucaric acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, azelaic acid, tartaric acid.

Food polyesters can replace both elastomers and plasticizers for elastomers, and make up 1-80 wt.% Gum bases.

Description of drawings

The present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, where:

1-5 illustrate a chewing profile;

6-9 illustrate a touch profile of the consistency of the chewing gum of the present invention;

figure 10 illustrates the correction of chewing gum of the present invention by measuring rheological properties;

11-14 illustrate the release assessment of the following taste parameters: peppermint taste, sweetness, severity of taste and cooling effect.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the context of the present invention, the terms “environmentally degradable or biodegradable polymer compounds” mean components of the gum base of chewing gum which, after releasing the chewing gum, can undergo physical, chemical and / or biological degradation, while the waste of the production of chewing gum can be more easily removed production or, ultimately, degrade into lumps or particles that can no longer be regarded as chewing gum residues. The degradation or disintegration of such degradable polymers can occur or be induced by physical factors, such as temperature, light, humidity, chemical factors, such as hydrolysis caused by pH changes, or by enzymes capable of degrading polymers. In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, all polymer components of the gum base are environmentally degradable polymers or biodegradable polymers.

Preferably, the end products of degradation are carbon dioxide, methane and water.

In the present invention, in accordance with the preferred definition of biodegradability, the term "biodegradability" means the property of certain organic molecules, whether exposed to the environment or entering a living organism, to enter into an enzymatic or microbial process, often in combination with purely chemical processes such as hydrolysis, the formation of simpler compounds, and ultimately, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and water.

Accordingly, suitable examples of other environmentally degradable or biodegradable chewing gum polymers that can be used to prepare the gum base of the present invention include degradable polyesters, polycarbonates, polyester amides, polypeptides, amino acid homopolymers such as polylysine, and proteins, including their derivatives, such as, for example, protein hydrolysates, including zein hydrolyzate. Particularly useful compounds of this type include polyester polymers obtained by polymerization of one or more cyclic esters such as lactide, glycolide, trimethyl carbonate, δ-valerolactone, β-propiolactone and ε-caprolactone. Such degradable polymers can be homopolymers or copolymers, including block polymers.

Unless otherwise specified, the term “molecular weight” as used herein means number average molecular weight (Mn).

The glass transition temperature can be determined, for example, using DSC (DSC: differential scanning calorimetry). DSC is usually used to determine and study the thermal transitions of a polymer, and in particular, this method can be used to determine the phase transition of a second kind of material, i.e., a thermal transition that includes a change in heat capacity but does not have latent heat. Glass transition is a transition of the second kind.

Example 1

Getting the resin

A resin sample was obtained using a cylindrical glass 10-liter jacketed experimental reactor equipped with a glass rod stirrer with Teflon blades and bottom descent. The contents of the reactor were heated by circulating silicone oil, brought to 130 ° C using a thermostat, through an outer jacket. D, L-lactide (4.877 kg, 33.84 mol) was charged into the reactor and melted by heating to 140 ° C. for 6 hours. After the D, L-lactide was completely melted, the temperature was lowered to 130 ° C and tin octoate (2) (1.79 g, 4.42 x 10 ^-3 mol), 1,2-propylene glycol (79.87 g, 1.050 mol) and ε-caprolactone (290.76 g, 2.547 mol). After the mixture became homogeneous, stirring was continued for 24 hours at 130 ° C. After this time, the bottom descent opening was opened and the molten polymer was poured onto a Teflon-coated dye tank.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 5700 g / mol, Mw = 7100 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with MALLS flow detector) and Tg = 30.7 ° C (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min).

Example 2

Getting low molecular weight elastomer (LMWE) No. 1

A LMWE sample was synthesized in a dry glove box in an N ₂ atmosphere, as described below. 0.40 g of 1,2-propanediol (1.82 ml of a 22.0% w / v solution in MeCl ₂ ) and 0.094 g of Sn were charged into a 500 ml polymer reactor equipped with a head (top) mechanical stirrer. (Oct) ₂ (2.2 ml of a 4.27% (w / v) solution in MeCl ₂ ) by blowing with dry gas N ₂ . MeCl _{2 was} evaporated by purging with N ₂ gas for 15 minutes. Then, ε-caprolactone (170 g, 1.49 mol), TMS (76 g, 0.74 mol) and δ-valerolactone (74 g, 0.74 mol) were added. The polymer reactor was immersed in an oil bath with a constant temperature of 130 ° C and the contents were stirred for 14 hours. Then the reactor was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid elastic product was removed in small pieces with a knife and placed in a plastic container.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 57960 g / mol, Mw = 85910 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with MALLS flow detector) and T _g = -59.8 ° С (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min).

Example 3

Getting low molecular weight elastomer (LMWE) No. 2

A LMWE sample was synthesized in a dry glove box in an N ₂ atmosphere, as described below. 0.73 g of 1,2-propanediol (3.3 ml of a 22.0% w / v solution in methylene chloride) and 0.152 g of Sn (Oct) _{2 were} loaded into a 500 ml polymer reactor equipped with a head mechanical stirrer. (3.56 ml of a 4.27% (w / v) solution in methylene chloride) by blowing with dry gas N ₂ . Methylene chloride was evaporated by purging with N ₂ gas for 15 minutes. Then ε-caprolactone (300 g, 2.63 mol) and δ-valerolactone (215 g, 2.15 mol) were added. The polymer reactor was immersed in an oil bath with a constant temperature of 130 ° C and the contents were stirred for 14 hours. Then the reactor was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid elastic product was removed in small pieces with a knife and placed in a plastic container.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 59900 g / mol, and Mw = 74200 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with flow MALLS) and Tg = -70 ° C (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min )

Example 4

Obtaining high molecular weight elastomer (HMWE)

An HMWE sample was synthesized in a dry glove box in an N ₂ atmosphere, as described below. 0.037 g of Sn (Oct) ₂ (3.4 ml of a 1.10% (w / v) solution in methylene chloride) was charged into a 500 ml polymer reactor equipped with a head mechanical stirrer while blowing with a dry N ₂ gas. Methylene chloride was evaporated by purging with N ₂ gas for 15 minutes. Then pentaerythritol (0.210 g, 1.54 x 10 ^-3 mol), ε-caprolactone (79.0 g, 0.692 mol), TMS (8.0 g, 0.078 mol) and δ-valerolactone (38.0 g, 0.380 mol). Then the polymer reactor was immersed in an oil bath with a constant temperature of 130 ° C and the contents were stirred for about 14 hours. After that, the reactor was removed from the oil bath and allowed to cool to room temperature. The solid elastic product was removed in small pieces with a knife and placed in a plastic container.

The characterization of the obtained product showed that this product has the following parameters: Mn = 64600 g / mol, Mw = 165200 g / mol (gel permeation chromatography with flow MALLS) and T _g = -66 ° C (DSC, heating rate 10 ° C / min )

Example 5

Gum base preparation

All gum bases (with the exception of 102-105, which consisted of only one polymer) were obtained in accordance with the following basic formulation:

Ingredients Weight percent Elastomer HMWE twenty Elastomer LMWE 40 Resin 40 Table 1 Gum base preparation No. Type of Elastomer HMWE Elastomer LMWE Resin 101 Standard gum base Polyisobutylene
Mn = 73000 Polyisobutylene
Mn = 30000 Polyvinyl acetate
Mn = 5000 102 Bio base - - The polymer resin of example 1 103 Bio base - The elastomeric polymer of example 2 - 104 Bio base The elastomeric polymer of example 4 - - 105 Bio base The elastomeric polymer of example 4 The elastomeric polymer of example 2 The polymer resin of example 1 106 Bio base The elastomeric polymer of example 4 The elastomeric polymer of example 3 The polymer resin of example 1

Gum bases (101, 105 and 106) were prepared as follows:

The HMWE elastomer was added to the stirred reactor equipped with a stirrer, for example, in the form of horizontally arranged Z-shaped blades. This reactor was preheated for about 15 minutes to a temperature of about 60-80 ° C. The rubber was crushed into small pieces and mechanically softened in this reactor.

This resin was slowly added to the elastomer until the mixture became homogeneous. Then, the remaining resin was added to the reactor and stirred for 10-20 minutes. After that, the LMWE elastomer was added and the contents were mixed for 20-40 minutes until the whole mixture became homogeneous.

The mixture was then unloaded on a baking sheet at a temperature of 60-80 ° C and allowed to cool to room temperature, or the gum base mixture was directly used to obtain chewing gum by adding, with continuous stirring, all the components of the chewing gum in the appropriate order.

Example 6

Getting chewing gum

All chewing gum compositions were prepared in accordance with the following basic formulation:

Peppermint

Ingredients Weight percent Gum base 40 Sorbitol 48.6 Lycazine 3 Peppermint Oil 1,5 Menthol crystals 0.5 Aspartame 0.2 Acesulfame 0.2 Xylitol 6 table 2 Getting peppermint chewing gum Chewing gum Gum base room 1001 Standard gum base 101 1002 Gum base, obtained only on the basis of biodegradable resin 102 1003 Gum base, obtained only on the basis of biodegradable elastomer LMWE 103 1004 Gum base, obtained only on the basis of biodegradable elastomer HMWE 104 1005 100% biodegradable chewing gum 105 Table 3 Peppermint-based chewing gum made using various softening ingredients Chewing gum Gum base Added Ingredients Sensory evaluation Elasticity Softness 1 Softness 2 Volume Squeak Honor 1006 106 biostandard four 1/2 3 3 four 1007 106 1% wax 3 one 3 3 5 1008 106 3% wax 2 one 3 2 one 1009 106 1% lecithin 3 2 four 2 3 1010 106 3% lecithin four 3 four 3 2 1011 106 3% glycerin 3 four 3 2 5 1012 106 5% glycerin 3 four 3 2 5 1013 106 1% PGE 3 2 3 3 3 1014 106 3% PGE four 2 four four 2 1015 106 0.5% triacetin 3 3 3 3 four 1016 106 1% triacetin 3 2 3 2 four 1017 101 1% wax 5 3 3 3 one 1018 101 3% wax four 3 3 3 one 1019 101 1% lecithin four 2 3 3 0 1020 101 3% lecithin 3 3 3 3 0 1021 101 3% glycerin four 2 3 3 0 1022 101 5% glycerin four 3 3 3 0 1023 101 1% PGE four 2 2 3 0 1024 101 3% PGE four 2 3 3 0 1025 101 0.5% triacetin four one 2 3 0 1026 101 1% triacetin 3 3 3 3 0 1027 101 standard 5 2 2 3 one 1028 106 2% wax four one 3 four one 1029 106 4% wax 3 one four 3 0 1030 106 2% fat 2 one 3 3 four 1031 106 3% fat 2 one 3 3 3 1032 106 4% fat 2 one 3 3 3 1033 106 5% fat 2 one 3 3 3 1034 106 3% wax
1% lecithin 3 3 3 3 one 1035 106 3% wax
2% lecithin 3 3 four four one 1036 106 3% wax
3% glycerin 3 2 3 3 0 1037 106 3% wax
1% triacetin 3 2 3 3 0 1038 106 3% wax
1% lecithin
1% glycerin
1% triacetin 3 3 four 3 0 1039 106 ¹ 3% wax 2 one 3 2 0 1040 106 12% talcum powder 1% triacetin 2 one four 2 four 1041 106 12% talcum powder 5% glycerin 2 2 four 2 four 1042 106 12% talc 3% lecithin 2 2 four 2 2 1043 106 12% talcum powder 4% wax 2 2 four 2 0 1044 106 12% talc 5% mono di 2 one four 3 0 1045 106 12% talc 1% triacetin 1% glycerin 1% lecithin 3 2 four 3 3 1046 106 12% talcum powder 4% fat 3 one 3 3 3 1047 1715 standard gum base A four 3 four four 0 1048 1706 standard gum base B 3 2 3 four 0 1049 1707 standard gum base C four one 3 3 0 1050 1705 standard gum base D 3 one 2 2 0

Chewing gum products were prepared as follows:

The gum base was added to the stirred reactor equipped with a stirrer, for example, in the form of horizontally arranged Z-shaped blades. This reactor was preheated for 15 minutes to a temperature of about 60-80 ° C, or chewing gum was obtained in one step immediately after receiving the gum base in the same mixer, where the gum base and the reactor had a temperature of about 60-80 ° C.

Peppermint composition :

One third of the sorbitol was added along with gum base and mixed for 1-2 minutes. Then another third of sorbitol and lacazin were added to the reactor, and the contents were mixed for 2 minutes. If chewing gum compositions containing an emollient were used, then such an emollient was usually added together with licasin. After that, the remaining third part of sorbitol, peppermint and menthol were added and the contents were mixed for 2 minutes. Then, aspartame and acesulfame were added to the reactor, and the contents were stirred for 3 minutes. After that, xylitol was added and the contents were mixed for 3 minutes. The resulting gum mixture was unloaded and transferred, for example, to a baking sheet at a temperature of 40-48 ° C. Then the gum mixtures were rolled and molded to obtain cores, sticks, balls, cubes and any other desired shapes, followed by optional coating and glossing, after which the product was packaged.

Example 7

This experiment was carried out in order to determine whether the mixture of three polymers (105) has a closer rheological similarity with the standard gum base (101) compared with the gum base obtained only on the basis of one polymer (102, 103, and 104).

Accordingly, the following rheological parameters were measured on a rheometer type AR1000, TA Instrument. The oscillations were measured when stress was generated in a linear viscoelastic region and at a temperature of 130 ° C with a parallel system of plates (d = 2.0 cm, shaded). Values G 'and tan δ are given as a function of shear rate.

The results were systematized in FIGS. 1, 2, and these results showed that the elastic tangent (δ) and compactability (G ') of the standard gum base (101) and the biodegradable gum base (105) are similar. An analysis of the rheological properties of pure polymers (102, 103, and 104) showed that their elasticity (tangent (δ)) differs from the elasticity of polymers 101 and 105.

Example 8

Chewing profile

This experiment was conducted to test the corresponding samples of chewing gum obtained and described in example 6, compared with the samples of gum bases of chewing gum described in example 7. To do this, we analyzed the profile of chewing gum samples containing gum bases obtained using pure polymers (1002 -1004), a mixture of polymers (1005) and a standard polymer (1001). The chewing gum cores were placed in a chewing machine (CF Jansson). The chewing frequency was set to 1 Hz, a buffer with an appropriate pH was used as saliva, and the temperature was 37 ° C. The chewing time was 30 seconds, 60 seconds and 120 seconds. After chewing, the spent chewing gum was evaluated on a rheometer, as described in example 7, by measuring vibrations at a temperature of 37 ° C.

The results of these measurements are presented in FIGS. 3 (30 seconds), 4 (60 seconds), and 5 (120 seconds), which show the curves of compactability (G ′) versus shear rate for various periods of chewing and illustrate changes in consistency in the process of chewing.

In FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, it can be seen that the two chewing gum compositions containing polymer blends, biodegradable polymer (1005) and standard polymer (1001) have similarities in all three phases, which means that the consistency profile of these two products is the same. A chewing gum composition containing pure LMWE (1003) elastomers resembled standard chewing gum after 120 seconds, but differed from it after 30 and 60 seconds. Chewing gum 1002 containing pure resin resembled standard chewing gum after 30 seconds, but differed from it after 60 and 120 seconds.

The above results of the rheological properties assessment confirm the fact that changes in the consistency of chewing gum containing gum bases obtained using the desired combination of different polymers were more similar to changes in the consistency of standard gum bases and chewing gum compared to chewing gum containing gum bases consisting only of gum bases one polymer.

Example 9

Sensory analysis of the consistency profile

Five chewing gum samples were tested by distributing them to members of the Sensory Analysis Commission located in tasting booths complying with ISO 8598 at room temperature in 40 ml odorless and tasteless plastic cups with arbitrary 3-digit codes. These test samples were evaluated after chewing for 0-1 minutes (initial phase), 1-2 minutes (intermediate phase 1), 2-3 minutes (intermediate phase 2) and 3-4 minutes (final phase), respectively. After evaluating each sample, the taster took a break of 3 minutes. Each test was repeated.

Then evaluated the following parameters of consistency: softness, strength, elasticity and bulk. For each of these parameters, tasters were required to give an assessment on an arbitrary scale of 0-15. The obtained data were processed using the FIZZ computer program (French Bio System) and, based on the obtained results, diagrams of sensor profiles were constructed, as shown in Figs. 6-9.

As can be seen in Fig.6-9, a sample containing a biodegradable polymer mixture (1005) and a sample containing a standard gum base (1001) had absolutely similar consistency profiles in all respects. The chewing gum composition containing pure polymers (1002-1004) was clearly different from the two chewing gum samples containing polymer blends. The results obtained in the sensory analysis of the profiles confirmed the rheological data obtained in the above example 8.

Example 10

Table 3 presents a number of compositions evaluated by members of the Commission for elasticity, initial softness, softness, bulk and creakiness. The following scale was used for the assessment: 1 means the lowest rating and 5 means the highest rating.

Many different biodegradable chewing gum compositions were prepared containing gum base 106 consisting of three different biopolymers as described in Example 5. Standard chewing gums containing standard gum base (101) were prepared to compare the biosystem and the standard system.

As can be seen from table 3, the use of a combination of different polymers makes it possible to adjust the consistency to obtain the desired properties. Various combinations of ingredients, such as emollients, emulsifiers and fillers, give different consistency profiles.

All evaluated biodegradable chewing gum compositions containing gum base 106 showed improved stickiness to the tooth surface compared to standard chewing gum compositions.

Two biodegradable chewing gums, a simple system (1006) and adjusted biodegradable chewing gums (1038) were compared with 4 standard chewing gum systems (1047-1050). The rheological properties of the gum bases were measured for 60 seconds, as described in example 8.

As can be seen from figure 10, biodegradable compositions 1006-1038 can be adjusted so that they have the greatest similarity with standard chewing gum compositions. The curve for composition 1038 also changes from a linear dependence to a slightly increasing dependence with an increase in shear rate, which corresponds to the curve for standard compositions.

Example 11

Glass transition temperature Tg

The glass transition temperature of all polymers and their combinations was measured using DSC equipment (heating rate 10 ° C / min).

Table 4 Glass transition temperatures Sample Tg, ° C Example 1 26 Example 2 -75 Example 3 -71 Gum base 106 20 and -70

Table 4 summarizes the Tg for all three polymers used in the gum base composition 106. The blended gum base had two different glass transition temperatures close to the Tg of elastomers (Examples 2 and 3) and resins (Example 1). The presence of two different Tg clearly indicates the incompatibility of all three polymers.

Example 12

Sensory taste profile analyzes

Five chewing gum samples were tested using the sensory method described in Example 9 above.

In figures 11-14 illustrates the assessment of the release of the following taste parameters: taste of peppermint, sweetness, severity of taste and cooling effect.

11:

No differences between samples 1001-1005 were observed. Standard chewing gum and partially biodegradable chewing gum had an almost uniform cooling effect during chewing.

12:

Initially, samples 1002 and 1003 had a more pronounced taste compared to samples 1001, 1004 and 1005. Samples 1002 and 1003 were low molecular weight polymers, that is, polymers with a lower viscosity, and therefore they showed a faster release of flavorants, due to the increased mobility of flavorants and compound 1004 was a high molecular weight polymer, that is, a polymer with a higher viscosity than all other polymers, and therefore it had the slowest release. After chewing for 2 minutes, the release profile of the flavor changed, since the flavor in the low molecular weight polymer was released from the system, while in the high molecular weight polymer it was still stored in the system and continued to be released. Sample 1005, compared to sample 1001, showed a more intense release of flavor during the entire chewing period (except for the 1st minute of chewing), which indicated the synergistic effect of the mixture of all three biodegradable polymers.

Fig.13 :

Peppermint release corresponded to the flavor release profiles illustrated in FIG. 12.

Fig.14:

The release profile of the sweeteners was generally comparable to the release rate of flavorants and peppermint. However, sample 1004 gave a release peak later than other samples, due to the very high viscosity of this sample, which made it difficult to introduce saliva into the gum base in the initial phase. However, due to the more hydrophilic nature of biodegradable polymers compared to standard polymers of a gum base, saliva penetrates into such a base very quickly when the polymer is softened, which leads to intensive release of the sweetener.

Samples 1002 and 1003, which are polymers with a low viscosity, provided a very quick release of the sweetener, due to the initial softness and hydrophilic nature of the polymers, thereby leading to a very weak sensation of sweetness after 2 minutes chewing, since all the sweeteners were released from the system.

Since the absorption of saliva into the biodegradable gum base was faster than in the polymer of the standard gum base, which is more hydrophobic, the release of sweeteners in biodegradable systems was faster and more intense.

Claims (64)

1. Chewing gum containing at least two different biodegradable polymers, wherein said at least two different biodegradable polymers have different glass transition temperatures Tg, at least one of the biodegradable polymers used, preferably a plasticizer, has a glass transition temperature, at least + 1 ° C and at least one of the at least two different biodegradable polymers has a glass transition temperature below 0 ° C. 2. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least two different polymers are hydrophilic. 3. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the difference in molecular weight of at least two different polymers is at least 1000 g / mol (Mn). 4. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the difference in molecular weight of at least two different polymers is at least 50,000 g / mol (Mn). 5. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least one of these at least two different biodegradable polymers contains a biodegradable elastomer; and at least one of said at least two different biodegradable polymers comprises a biodegradable plasticizer, wherein said biodegradable plasticizer contains at least one biodegradable polymer. 6. Chewing gum according to claim 5, where the molecular weight of the specified biodegradable plasticizer is 500-19000 g / mol. 7. Chewing gum according to claim 5, wherein said at least two different biodegradable polymers have different glass transition temperatures Tg. 8. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least one of the biodegradable polymers has a glass transition temperature of at least + 10 ° C. 9. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least one of the biodegradable polymers has a glass transition temperature of at least + 20 ° C. 10. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least one of the biodegradable polymers includes a biodegradable elastomer. 11. Chewing gum according to item 12, where the molecular weight of the specified biodegradable elastomer is 10000-1000000 g / mol (Mn). 12. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least one of the at least two different biodegradable polymers has a glass transition temperature of less than -30 ° C. 13. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the resulting chewing gum has at least two different glass transition temperatures Tg. 14. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the chewing gum contains at least one biodegradable elastomer having a glass transition temperature Tg below 0 ° C, and at least one biodegradable plasticizer having a glass transition temperature Tg above 0 ° C. 15. Chewing gum according to 14, where at least one plasticizer includes a biodegradable polymer obtained by polymerization of one or more cyclic esters. 16. Chewing gum according to 14, where at least one elastomer includes a biodegradable polymer obtained by polymerization of one or more cyclic esters. 17. Chewing gum according to 14, where at least one elastomer includes food polyesters. 18. Chewing gum according to 14, where at least one elastomer includes food polyesters or polyhydroxyalkanoates. 19. Chewing gum according to claim 1, containing at least one biodegradable elastomer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% Chewing gum, at least one biodegradable plasticizer in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 70 wt.% Chewing gum, and at least one chewing gum ingredient selected from the group consisting of softeners, sweeteners, flavoring agents, active ingredients and excipients in an amount of from about 2 to about 80 wt.% Chewing gum. 20. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least one biodegradable polymer comprises at least 25% of the chewing gum polymers. 21. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where all biodegradable polymers contained in chewing gum comprise at least 25% of the chewing gum polymers. 22. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where all the biodegradable polymers contained in chewing gum comprise at least 80% of the chewing gum polymers. 23. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the chewing gum essentially does not contain biologically non-degradable polymers. 24. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the chewing gum does not contain biologically non-degradable polymers. 25. Chewing gum according to claim 19, where the ingredients of said chewing gum include flavoring agents. 26. Chewing gum according to claim 25, wherein said flavoring agents include natural and synthetic flavoring agents in the form of natural plant components, essential oils, essences, extracts, powders, including acids or other substances capable of affecting the taste profile. 27. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified chewing gum contains flavorants in an amount of from 0.01 to about 30 wt.% Of the total mass of chewing gum. 28. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified chewing gum contains flavorants in an amount of from 0.2 to about 4 wt.% Of the total mass of chewing gum. 29. Chewing gum according A.25, where the specified flavor contains water-soluble ingredients. 30. Chewing gum according to clause 29, where the specified water-soluble flavor contains acids. 31. Chewing gum according to claim 25, wherein said flavoring agent contains water-insoluble ingredients. 32. Chewing gum according to claim 19, where the ingredients of said chewing gum include sweeteners. 33. Chewing gum according to clause 32, where the sweetener includes bulk sweeteners. 34. Chewing gum according to clause 33, where the chewing gum includes bulk sweeteners in an amount of from about 5 to about 95 wt.% Chewing gum. 35. Chewing gum according to claim 32, wherein said sweetener includes high intensity sweeteners. 36. Chewing gum according to claim 35, wherein the high intensity sweeteners include sucralose, aspartame, acesulfame salts, alitam, saccharin and its salts, cyclamic acid and its salts, glycyrrhizin, dihydrochalcones, thaumatin, monellin, steroside, taken separately or in combination. 37. Chewing gum according to clause 35, where the chewing gum includes high-intensity sweeteners in an amount of from about 0 to about 1 wt.% Chewing gum. 38. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the chewing gum contains at least one softener. 39. Chewing gum according to § 38, where at least one emollient contains tall oil, hydrogenated tall oil, hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, cocoa butter, glycerol monostearate, glycerol triacetate, lecithin, mono-, di- and triglycerides , acetylated monoglycerides, fatty acids, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid, waxes, polyglycol esters or mixtures thereof. 40. Chewing gum according to § 38, where the chewing gum includes softeners in an amount of from about 0 to about 18 wt.% Chewing gum. 41. Chewing gum according to claim 19, where the ingredients of the specified chewing gum include the active ingredients. 42. Chewing gum according to paragraph 41, wherein said active ingredients are selected from the group consisting of acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, buprenorphine, bromhexine, celoxib, codeine, diphenhydramine, diclofenac, etoricoxib, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketorofenophen, morofinofen, ketoprofen, oxycodone, parecoxib, piroxicam, rofecoxib, tenoxicam, tramadol, valdecoxib, calcium carbonate, magaldrate, disulfiram, bupropion, nicotine, azithromycin, clarithromycin, clotrimazole, erythromycin, tetracycline, border throne, ondansetron, promethazine, tropisetron, brompheniramine, ceterizine, lecoceterisine, chlorocyclisin, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, phenofenadine, guaifenesin, loratidin, benzodinodinofenedinofenedinofenedinofenedinofenedinodinofenedinofenidinodinodinodinofenidinodinodinodinamidinodinodinodinodinina , benzethidine chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, ecobet sodium, halogenperidol, allopurinol, colchinin, theophylline, propanolol, prednisolone, prednisone, fluoride, urea, miconazole, actota, glibencl amide, glipizide, metformin, miglitol, repaglinide, rosiglitazone, apomorphine, Cialis, Sildenafil, Vardenafil, Diphenoxylate, Simethicone, cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine, ratinidina, tsetrizina, loratadine, aspirin, benzocaine, dextromethorphan, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, cisapride, domperidone, metoclopramide, acyclovir, dioctyl sulfosuccinate, phenolphthalein, almotriptan, eletriptan, ergotamine, mighea, naratriptan, risatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan, aluminum salts, calcium salts, iron salts, s silver, zinc salts, amphotericin B, chlorhexidine, miconazole, triamcinolone acetonide, melatonin, phenobarbital, caffeine, benzodiazepiner, hydroxyzine, meprobamate, phenothiazine, buclizine, brometazine, cinnarizine, cyclizine, diphenedinefinfenfenylamine, diphenedine, diphenedinefinfenfenylamine, diphenedine, diphenedine, diphenedine, diphenedine, diphenedinefin , phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine, sibutramine, ketoconazole, nitroglycerin, nystatin, progesterone, testosterone, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, pilocarpine, aluminum aminoacetate, c metidina, esomeprazole, famotidine, lansoprazole, magnesium oxide nizatida and / or ratinidina or their derivatives and mixtures thereof. 43. Chewing gum according to claim 19, where the chewing gum essentially does not contain biologically non-degradable polymers. 44. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the biodegradable polymer is a polymer obtained by polymerization of one or more cyclic esters, where the cyclic esters are selected from the group consisting of glycolides, lactides, lactones, cyclic carbonates and mixtures thereof. 45. Chewing gum according to item 44, where the lactone monomers are selected from the group consisting of ε-caprolactone, δ-valerolactone, γ-butyrolactone, β-propiolactone and mixtures thereof; wherein the lactone is optionally substituted with one or more alkyl or aryl substituents at any non-carbonyl carbon atoms on the ring, including compounds in which two substituents are present on the same carbon atom. 46. Chewing gum according to item 44, where the carbonate monomer is selected from the group consisting of trimethylene carbonate, 5-alkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5,5-dialkyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, 5-alkyl-5-alkyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one, ethylene carbonate, 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl, propylene carbonate, trimethylol propane monocarbonate, 4,6-dimethyl-1,3-propylene carbonate, 2,2-dimethyl trimethylene carbonate , 1,3-dioxepan-2-one and mixtures thereof. 47. Chewing gum according to item 44, where the cyclic complex ether polymers and their copolymers obtained by polymerization of cyclic ether monomers are selected from the groups consisting of poly (D-lactide); poly (D-lactide); poly (D, L-lactide); poly (mesolactide); poly (glycolide); poly (trimethylene carbonate); poly (epsilon-caprolactone); a copolymer of L-lactide and D, L-lactide; a copolymer of L-lactide and mesolactide; a copolymer of L-lactide and glycolide; a copolymer of L-lactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and mesolactide; copolymer of D, L-lactide and glycolide; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of D, L-lactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of mesolactide and glycolide; a copolymer of mesolactide and trimethylene carbonate; a copolymer of mesolactide and epsilon-caprolactone; a copolymer of glycolide and trimethylene carbonate; copolymer of glycolide and epsilon-caprolactone. 48. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the chewing gum includes a filler. 49. Chewing gum according to § 48, where the chewing gum contains a filler in an amount of from about 0 to about 50 wt.% Chewing gum. 50. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the chewing gum contains at least one dye. 51. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the chewing gum is coated with an external coating. 52. Chewing gum p. 51, where the outer coating is hard. 53. Chewing gum according to paragraph 52, where the hard coating is a coating selected from the group consisting of sugar coating and non-sugar coating and combinations thereof. 54. Chewing gum according to paragraph 52, where the hard coating contains 50-100 wt.% Polyol selected from the group consisting of sorbitol, maltitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, lactitol and isomaltite. 55. Chewing gum according to paragraph 51, where the outer coating is a food film containing at least one component selected from the group consisting of a food-based film-forming agent and wax. 56. Chewing gum according to claim 5, wherein the film-forming agent is selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivative, modified starch, dextrin, gelatin, shellac, gum arabic, zein, vegetable gum, synthetic polymer and any combination thereof. 57. Chewing gum according to § 51, where the outer coating contains at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of a binding agent, a moisture-absorbing component, a film-forming agent, a dispersing agent, a tackifier, a filler, a flavoring agent, a dye , a pharmaceutically or cosmetically active component, a lipid component, a wax-containing component, a sugar, an acid and an agent capable of accelerating the degradation of a degradable polymer after chewing. 58. Chewing gum according to paragraph 51, where the outer coating is a soft coating. 59. Chewing gum according to § 58, where the soft coating includes a substance for coatings that do not contain sugar. 60. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where the specified chewing gum contains polymers or resins commonly used in chewing gums. 61. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where at least one biodegradable polymer is at least 5% of the chewing gum polymers. 62. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where all the biodegradable polymers contained in chewing gum comprise at least 25% of the polymers of chewing gum. 63. Chewing gum according to claim 1, where all the biodegradable polymers contained in chewing gum comprise at least 80% of the polymers of chewing gum. 64. Chewing gum according to claim 1, containing a gum base, comprising at least two different biodegradable polymers according to claim 1.

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