RU2301951C1 - Recoil training simulator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training simulators, applicable as a component of a training complex for training of skills and habits of the from small arms of various types from the standard positions without use of ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: a pneumatic cylinder with a spring-loaded piston provided with a solenoid-operated valve with a sensor of its actuation is installed on the barrel of the weapon dummy in alignment with the breech carrier plate rod. The sensor is located in a barrel slot a distance from the breech not exceeding the travel of the breech carrier plate. The breech carrier plate is provided with a feeler gauge located for motion inside the bore and action on the sensor in its front position, and the trigger mechanism is connected to the power source of the solenoid-operated valve.

EFFECT: provided reproduction of the impact moment of the breech carrier plate and cyclicity of their application corresponding to the rate of fire of the simulated weapon, also provided an automatic resumption of the next cycle of breech carrier plate motion.

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Description

The simulator belongs to military equipment and is intended as a part of a shooting simulator for teaching techniques and skills of bullet shooting from various types of small automatic weapons (automatic machine gun, light machine gun, submachine gun) from standard positions (standing, from a knee, lying) without the use of ammunition.

The shooting simulator must provide, along with training in handling weapons in its preparation for shooting and skills of holding a weapon during automatic shooting, training in proper aiming skills (holding a “straight” front sight, eliminating blockage of weapons), including when forcing the aiming line with cyclicity corresponding to the rate of fire. Known simulator recoil weapons, placed in the butt, made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder with a hard place and a piston hammer spring-loaded relative to it (RF patent, No. 2086890 from 10.24.97, F41G, 3/26). The disadvantage of this device is that the shock impulse reproduced in the weapon differs significantly (in the place of application, the nature of the imbalance and duration of exposure) from the shock pulses of the existing weapon obtained during reciprocating movements of the bolt frame weighing up to 0.45 ... 0, 6 kg at a sufficiently large distance (up to 140 mm) with a change in the balance of the weapon.

A device for simulating the recoil of weapons is known, which imitates the ballistic impulse of a cartridge, consisting of an external power device in the form of a pneumatic drive connected to a prototype of a weapon by means of a hinge and transmitting a pulse of movement along the axis of the barrel to the weapon (RF patent, No. 2150065 from 05/27/00, F41G 3/26 ) This return simulator is the closest analogue to the claimed. The specified known device when it is used to teach aiming skills has the following disadvantages:

- shock impulses of the bolt frame are not simulated, which significantly affect the stability of the weapon and the position of the line of sight;

- the momentum of movement significantly exceeds the required effort to bring down the aiming line, and, as a result, the resource of the recoil simulator is reduced;

- excessive unproductive air flow occurs.

The objective of the invention is to create a recoil simulator that reproduces shock impulses introduced by the movement of the bolt frame of the weapon, close to real when shooting live, with a cycle that corresponds to the rate of fire. In this case, it should be ensured that the next cycle of the reciprocating movement of the bolt frame is automatically resumed immediately after coming to the extreme forward position. However, due to the large clearances of the shutter frame relative to the guides of the receiver, to ensure reliable overlap of the active zone of the electro-pneumatic valve sensor and to exclude mechanical influence on its sensitive elements by any element associated with the shutter frame is a difficult technical task. In addition, to reduce inter-cycle time and ensure the required cyclicality corresponding to the rate of fire of real weapons, it is required to exclude damping of the near-piston space in the pneumatic cylinder.

The problem is solved in that the weapon recoil simulator contains a mock automatic weapon with a barrel, a bolt frame with a rod and a return spring. A pneumatic cylinder with a spring-loaded piston is installed on the barrel coaxially to the stem of the bolt frame, equipped with an electro-pneumatic valve with a sensor for its actuation, located in the groove of the barrel at a distance from the breech not more than the stroke of the bolt frame, while the bolt frame is equipped with a probe located to move inside the barrel bore and act on the sensor is in its forward position, and the trigger mechanism is connected to a power supply of the electro-pneumatic valve.

In special cases, the execution of the pneumatic cylinder at the base can be made with a step, forming an additional chamber of preliminary air compression with a diameter of not more than 0.9 of the diameter of the main chamber in order to approximate the reproduced momentum of the air chamber to the real momentum of the gas chamber when firing ammunition. In the middle part, the pneumatic cylinder is equipped with at least two exhaust holes for discharging exhaust compressed air from the pre-piston space in order to advance the return of the bolt frame to the forward position of the spring-loaded piston in its original position. The piston rod in the initial position is installed with an axial clearance relative to the bolt of the bolt frame to prevent impact of the bolt of the bolt frame on the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder after it returns to the forward position, and it is also equipped with a step to limit the inertial movement of the piston after the discharge of compressed air. A probe is rigidly mounted in the shutter frame at the shutter position, located with the possibility of movement inside the bore and acting with its front lower flat part on the actuation of the electro-pneumatic valve, for example, like a slotted optocoupler, in the extreme forward position of the shutter frame. In this case, the probe has a length of a cylindrical working part equal to the stroke length of the bolt frame and is guided when it is moved by the barrel channel. The operation sensor of the electro-pneumatic valve is placed in the groove of the barrel and is removed from its breech to a distance not greater than the stroke of the bolt frame. The trigger mechanism of the model of the weapon is connected to the power supply of the electro-pneumatic valve.

The specified constructive solution simulator recoil weapons provides:

- reproduction of shock pulses of the main link of automation - the bolt carrier in the rear and front positions, close to real when firing ammunition, and knocking down the line of sight;

- automatic renewal of the next cycle of movement of the bolt frame after it comes to the front position;

- the recurrence of reciprocating movements of the bolt frame close to the rate of fire of real weapons, due to the speed of recoil of the bolt frame close to that actually achieved when firing ammunition, the discharge of compressed air from the near-piston space after acceleration of the bolt frame and the exclusion of the damping effect. In addition, such a constructive solution of the probe (the length of its working part equal to the stroke length of the shutter frame; the direction of the probe by the barrel channel; the distance of the electro-pneumatic valve sensor from the breech of the barrel by a distance no greater than the stroke of the shutter frame) makes it possible to place the sensor at the beginning of the threaded portion of the barrel sending a cartridge (rear end position of the bolt frame) while simulating the methods of handling weapons and using the same probe as the screen of the sensor with a similar method of closing its active ony.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a simulator of recoil weapons, figure 2 is a section of the barrel at the location of the sensor actuation of the electro-pneumatic valve.

The weapon recoil simulator contains (see FIG. 1) a barrel 1, a pneumatic cylinder 2 with an additional chamber “a” formed by a step at its base, and compressed air discharge holes “b”, a piston 3 with a step “c” on its rod , spring 4, nut 5, gate frame 6 with stem 7 and return spring 8, probe 9 with working surface "g", electro-pneumatic valve 10, sensor 11 of operation of the electro-pneumatic valve, receiver 12, butt 13, trigger 14. The probe 9 is rigidly fixed in the bolt frame and has a cylindrical working part with a T-shaped section in its the front part (see figure 2), and the diameter of its working part is 0.95 ... 0.98 of the diameter of the bore. The sensor 11 of the operation of the electro-pneumatic valve is placed in the groove "d" of the barrel 1 (see figure 2), and this groove is spaced from the breech of the barrel at a distance not greater than the stroke of the shutter frame, with the possibility of affecting the active zone "e" of the sensor with a working surface "d" probe in the front position of the slide frame. The sensor 11 is held by the cover 15. The trigger 14 is connected to a power source of the electro-pneumatic valve 10.

The device operates as follows. The student takes a mock-up of a weapon with a simulator of recoil in his hands and, having performed actions that imitate the preparation of a weapon for shooting (if they are provided for by the simulator design), i.e. by attaching the store, removing the weapon from the fuse, setting the desired fire mode (automatic or single), setting the desired division of the sight (if necessary imitation), "charging" the weapon, ie cocking in the back position and releasing the bolt frame, directs the "weapon" on the target. When you press the trigger 14 of the layout of the weapon, power is supplied to the electro-pneumatic valve 10 (provided that the shutter frame 6 is in its extreme forward position and is blocked by the probe 9 of the active zone "e" of the sensor 11). The electro-pneumatic valve 10 is activated, and the duration of the shutter speed of the valve in the open state is set for each specific weapon sample, and a portion of air enters the pneumatic cylinder 2. Under the action of the impulse of the supplied air, the piston 3 vigorously moves back and pushes the shutter frame 6 with its rod, which, compressing the return spring 8 rolls back into position. The piston 3 moves to the compressed air discharge openings “b” of the pneumatic cylinder together with the bolt frame, and after the air has been discharged from the pre-piston space through the indicated holes, having passed some distance by inertia, it will return to its original position under the action of its spring 4. After hitting the stock pad 13, the bolt frame 6, under the action of a compressed return spring 8, moves to its extreme forward position, striking the receiver of the receiver 12, while the blow of the bolt of the bolt frame on the piston rod of the pneumatic cylinder, which is uncharacteristic for military weapons, is excluded due to the presence of between them axial clearance "g" in the initial forward position. When the trigger is pressed after the bolt frame has come to its extreme forward position and blocked by the probe core of the sensor, the electro-pneumatic valve is triggered and the next cycle of imitating the operation of the weapons automatics is carried out.

The proposed device for internal simulation of recoil of weapons is advisable to use as part of a shooting simulator in conjunction with devices that provide training in handling weapons and holding weapons during automatic firing using an external recoil simulator that simulates a ballistic momentum of ammunition. In the case of using an external recoil simulator, the operation of its electro-pneumatic valve should be carried out simultaneously with the operation of the electro-pneumatic valve of the considered internal simulator of recoil after the bolt frame comes to the front position.

Claims (3)

1. A simulator of recoil of a gun of a shooting simulator, containing a mock automatic weapon with a barrel, a bolt frame with a rod and a return spring, a trigger mechanism, characterized in that a pneumatic cylinder with a spring-loaded piston is installed on the barrel coaxially with the bolt of the bolt frame, equipped with an electro-pneumatic valve with a sensor for its operation, located in the groove of the barrel at a distance from the breech, not greater than the stroke of the bolt frame, while the bolt frame is equipped with a probe located with the possibility of movement inside the channel stem and sensor exposure to its forward position, and the trigger is coupled to a source of power electropneumatic valve. 2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinder is made with a ledge in the base and with at least two holes in the middle part. 3. The simulator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston rod in the initial position is installed with an axial clearance relative to the bolt of the bolt frame.

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