RU2301511C1 - Combined tillage tool - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used for simultaneous tillage of soil and grinding of high-stalk crop stubble remains.

SUBSTANCE: tillage tool has tractor with front and rear attachments and frames. Carrier wheels, tillage depth adjustment mechanisms, flat hoes with tines, disk battery and drum are mounted on frames. Scimitar-shaped grinders are rigidly fixed above front frame hoe wings on battery disks at an angle to disk plane. Trapezium-shaped grinders are additionally fixed on working surfaces of rectangular bars of drum. Grinders are spaced along their length by distance less than 50 mm.

EFFECT: increased erosion resistance of soil.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combined soil cultivating units that simultaneously produce basic and surface continuous tillage operations with the grinding of crop residues of tall crops.

Known ripper-rotary working body / 1 / - a combined working body for combining soil preparation operations in areas of insufficient moisture, including a common beam (load-bearing system), racks with legs, mounted on a frame with straight knives.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is that during the operation of the paw racks, the stems of crop residues are oriented along the movement, and straight knives cut the stems not transversely, but along, which reduces the quality of grinding and impedes the operation of implements, mainly sowing. It should be noted that the known working body provides soil preparation only at a depth of 16 cm, a further increase in the depth of travel of the paws reduces the quality of crumbling soil.

A known method of moisture-saving tillage and the unit for its implementation / 2 /, including a tractor with front and rear mounted devices and frames with supporting wheels located on them, mechanisms for adjusting the depth of processing, flat-cutting legs with racks, a disk battery and a drum.

The disadvantages of the known aggregate include the fact that after the aggregate passes on the surface of the cultivated area in the uppermost soil layer, fractions of plant residues longer than 30 cm are preserved.These fractions of crop residues slowly enrich the soil with organic substances and also slowly contribute to the restoration of its fertility.

To eliminate these drawbacks and achieve a positive result, saber-shaped shredders are mounted over the wings of the paws of the front frame, mounted on the battery disks, rigidly, at an angle to the plane of the disk, and trapezoidal shredders are additionally fixed on the working planes of the rectangular drum rods, which are spaced apart by a distance of less than 50 mm.

The location of the paws from the disk batteries on the front frame, and the flat-cutting paws with a drum on the rear frame ensures the implementation of technological processes of soil cultivation and grinding of high-stubble crop residues without felling and increases the uniformity of distribution of the crushed mass over the field to be treated. The location of the disk battery with grinders above the wings of the paws allows not only to reduce the consumption of materials, but also provides a combination of the operations of loosening the cutting of the formation with grinding of crop residues. The implementation of the choppers are saber-shaped and their rigid fastening on the battery disks gives that the process of grinding the stems is not due to a fracture, but due to cutting along the entire edge of the chopper, which reduces the energy consumption of the process.

The location of the chopper at an angle to the plane of the disk improves the quality of grinding due to the fact that grinding is effected on the stem not along, but at an angle to its center line when the stem descends, both from the leg of the paw and from the wings.

The combination of the operation of rectangular rods with trapezoidal shredders, which are spaced along their length by a distance of less than 50 mm, not only provides crushing of the soil and crushing of the stems, but also provides mulching of the very top layer.

The implementation of additional trapezoidal drum grinders helps to restore its fertility, as these grinders not only chop stems well, but also half of the crushed mass of stems are embedded in the topsoil.

Figure 1 presents the structural and technological scheme of a combined tillage unit (side view).

Figure 2 shows the battery disk with saber-shaped choppers (right side view).

Figure 3 is a section aa of figure 2.

Figure 4 is a section bB of figure 2.

Figure 5 shows a drum with a trapezoidal grinder (left view).

Figure 6 is a view A (enlarged) of a bar with a grinder: a is a top view, 6 is a front view.

The combined tillage unit has a tractor 1; rear 2 and front 3 attachments; rear 4 and front 5 frames; hinges 6, 7; supporting wheels with adjustment mechanisms 8, 9; flat-cut legs 10 and legs 11; disk battery 12; saber-shaped cultivators 13; drum 14; rods 15; trapezoidal rippers 16; drum 17; system of connection and control of 18 reels.

The tractor 1 of the unit is equipped with two hinged devices 2 and 3. A frame 5 is attached to the device 3 by means of a hitch 7. The leg of the paw 11 is mounted and fixed on the frame 5, the disk battery 12 with choppers 13 and the support wheels 9 with the mechanism for regulating the depth of the leg 11.

A frame 4 is attached to the device 2 by means of a hinge 6. Support wheels 8 with a mechanism for adjusting the rack of flat-cut legs 10 of the first and second row, drums 14, 17 and (device) control system 18 of the reels 14, 17 are mounted and connected to this frame. there are rectangular rods 15 with trapezoidal rippers 16.

While working in the field, the paw 11 cuts the soil layer to a depth of 12-14 cm, disks 12 with grinders 13 chop the stalks of the crop residues of high-stalk crops. Flat-cutting legs 10 deepen the loosening of the formation to 20-22 cm crumbling the lower soil layers, the drum 14 cultivates the unmilled fractions of the stems and the grinders 16 reduce the size of the fractions and the rods 15 together with the drum 17 seals them in the upper soil layer.

The use of the proposed combined unit in field cultivation during soil cultivation simultaneously with mulching provides agrotechnical efficiency, which consists in the fact that when the unit is operating, a field surface is formed that can withstand the destructive effect of rain drops, reduces surface runoff, and reduces wind speed in the surface layer.

Information sources

1. Zhuk A.F. The study of the mulching effect during the work of the subsurface combined working bodies // Combining operations in field cultivation / Tr. VIM, t. 56. Moscow, Kolos, 1974.- P.76-86.

2. Rykov VB and other Method of moisture-saving tillage and the aggregate for its implementation / Description of the invention to patent RU 2260273, АВВ 79/00, 40/02, claimed December 24, 2003, publ. 09/20/2005, Bull. No. 26 (prototype).

Claims (1)

Combined soil cultivating unit including a tractor with front, rear mounted attachments and frames with supporting wheels located on them, mechanisms for adjusting the working depth, flat-cutting legs with stands, a disk battery and a drum, characterized in that saber-shaped shredders are mounted over the wings of the legs of the front frame, fixed on the battery disks, rigidly at an angle to the plane of the disk, and on the working planes of the rectangular rods of the drum, trapezoidal grinders are additionally fixed, to which are spaced along their length to a distance of less than 50 mm.

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