RU2301346C1 - Timing mechanism of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed timing mechanism of internal combustion engine is designed to intake air or mixture into combustion chamber and discharge combustion products with required overlapping of trimming phases, and it contains spool-type mechanism to open and close said intake and exhaust ports made in wall of combustion chamber according to phases of air intake into combustion chamber and discharge of combustion products. Spool-type mechanism consists of at least two spool units being essentially rods with valve plates in form of pistons at ends arranged square to axis of piston travel. Each valve plate being sealed by at least one compression ring installed for displacement under action of drive to open and close above-indicated ports in cylindrical channels made opposite to each other in wall of combustion chamber square to axis of piston travel and close said ports at compression-combustion-expansion phase with rod in neutral position.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of timing processes, economy, reliability and reduced specific mass of engine as a whole.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of engine building, in particular to piston push-pull and four-stroke internal combustion engines, and allows to improve their performance. In particular, the invention contemplates the design of a gas distribution mechanism for these engines.

Known four-stroke piston internal combustion engine containing a cylinder with a reciprocating piston, inlet and outlet windows made in the combustion chamber of the cylinder, as well as a spool mechanism for opening and closing these windows in accordance with the phases of the air into the combustion chamber and the release of products from it combustion, while the spool mechanism is a sleeve rotatable moving on an axis perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston, and providing overlap and opening specified x windows in accordance with the gas distribution phases, wherein the sleeve is located in a separate chamber formed above the combustion chamber of the cylinder (RU, 2244138, F02B 41/06, F01L 5/04, F01L 7/02).

The disadvantage of this known solution is that it uses as a movable element of the spool mechanism a sleeve made with the possibility of return movement or rotary movement (rotation). The use of a movable sleeve is not justified for serious mechanisms due to wear, which results in gaps that introduce adjustments to the gas distribution pattern. Depreciation cannot be straightened out, and such a worn-out sleeve, and sometimes the entire gas distribution unit, requires replacement. In addition, the sleeve is exposed to pressures that must be balanced, which is ensured by the use of additional springs, complicating the design of the gas distribution mechanism.

The well-known solution RU 2244138 adopted as a prototype for the claimed object.

The present invention is directed to solving the technical problem of changing the design of the valve spool mechanism.

The technical result achieved in this case is to increase the efficiency of gas distribution processes, operational efficiency and reliability, and to reduce the specific gravity of the engine as a whole.

This result is achieved by the fact that the gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine is designed to admit air or mixture into the combustion chamber and exhaust combustion products from it with the necessary overlapping of the gas distribution phases and comprising a spool mechanism for opening and closing said inlet and outlet windows made in the chamber wall combustion in accordance with the phases of starting the air into the combustion chamber and exhausting combustion products from it, characterized in that the spool mechanism consists of, at the edge at least two spool assemblies, which are perpendicular to the axis of movement of the piston rods with valve plates in the form of pistons at the ends, each sealed with at least one compression ring, mounted to move from the drive to open and close the above windows in cylindrical channels made opposite to each other in the wall of the combustion chamber perpendicular to the axis of movement of the piston and the overlapping of these windows in the compression-combustion-expansion phase with the neutral position ok.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

The present invention is illustrated by a specific example of execution, which, however, is not the only possible, but clearly demonstrates the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

Figure 1 presents a combustion chamber with a partial section and with a view of the valve spool mechanism;

figure 2 - the position of the rod in the extreme position.

According to the present invention, a design of a gas distribution mechanism for an internal combustion engine (four-stroke piston) having a cylinder 1 (FIG. 1) with a moving piston 2 is considered. Inlet 3 and outlet 4 windows are made in cylindrical channels in the combustion chamber opposite each other. The gas distribution mechanism is made in the form of at least two spool assemblies for opening and closing said windows in accordance with the phases of starting the air into the combustion chamber and discharging combustion products from it. The spool assembly is, for each pair, inlet and outlet windows and a rod 5 located opposite each other and made with the possibility of return movement from the drive (not shown). The rod 5 is located in the combustion chamber perpendicular to the axis of movement of the piston and is made at the ends with valve plates in the form of pistons 6 located in a cylindrical channel for letting air through the inlet window into the combustion chamber and exhausting combustion products through the exhaust window and closing said windows in phase compression-combustion-expansion during the return movement of the rod. The pistons are made short in thickness and each are sealed with at least one compression ring (not shown), which provides sealing of the windows.

A feature of the claimed gas distribution mechanism is that it does not require significant efforts to lock and open the windows due to the balanced pressure of compression and burning on two spool valves of an axisymmetric shape.

This gas distribution mechanism is based on the following principle of operation: the piston rod is stationary in the compression-combustion-expansion cycle (these windows are blocked in the compression-combustion-expansion phase when the stem is in neutral position) and is driven when the air is in one direction (in one direction). And when the combustion products are released in the other direction (in the opposite direction) with the necessary shift of the intake and exhaust phases to each other to ensure the necessary overlap of the gas distribution phases.

The present invention is industrially applicable since it can be manufactured using technologies used in the manufacture of internal combustion engines.

Claims (1)

The gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine, designed to let air or mixture into the combustion chamber and exhaust combustion products from it with the necessary overlapping of the gas distribution phases and containing a spool mechanism for opening and closing said intake and exhaust windows made in the wall of the combustion chamber in accordance with the starting phases air into the combustion chamber and the release of combustion products from it, characterized in that the spool mechanism consists of at least two spool assemblies, rods with perpendicular to the axis of movement of the piston with valve plates in the form of pistons at the ends, each sealed with at least one compression ring, mounted to move from the drive to open and close the above windows in cylindrical channels made opposite each other in the wall the combustion chamber perpendicular to the axis of movement of the piston and the overlapping of these windows in the compression-combustion-expansion phase with the neutral position of the rod.

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