RU2300486C1 - Flying vehicle landing support system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: equipment of landing support systems; landing of flying vehicles on aerodrome runways, helicopter pads, or seadromes.

SUBSTANCE: landing surface is provided with passive-type markers whose plates have cat's eye coats of directive action working in visible and infrared ranges. Flying vehicle is provided with combination lights with multi-element light-emitting diode matrices working at visible and infrared illumination. Lights and markers make it possible to perform landing in the daytime, in the twilight and at night; if pilot uses night-vision goggles, landing may be performed at night under IMC; concealed landing may be also performed. Flying vehicle is also provided with autonomous satellite navigation system and low-level TV camera working in "day-night" modes; their outputs are connected with monitor for presentation of information for the pilot for performing pre-landing maneuver and showing the landing surface in the daytime and at night for visual contact of the pilot. TV camera is provided with infrared filter mounted in optical line; TV camera may be automatically changed-over from daylight mode to night mode in infrared range. Satellite navigation system automatically directs the radiation of lights to markers for approach to landing heading at required range. Markers are provided with brackets for rigid securing of plates at definite angle to vertical.

EFFECT: extended functional capabilities; enhanced efficiency of landing various flying vehicles.

7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aviation equipment, and in particular to equipment for ensuring landing of aircraft (LA) on the runway (runway) of an aerodrome, helipad or helicopter aerodrome, water surface of a hydroaerodrome around the clock in difficult weather conditions, as well as a hidden landing of an aircraft at night.

A known system for ensuring the landing of an aircraft using "passive" marker marks for marking the runway of the aerodrome and on-board landing light of an aircraft for illuminating marker marks and runways at night (SU 292777 A). Landing systems are also known, which provide for the use of IR illumination (RU 2238882, B64F 1/18, 10.27.2004), satellite navigation systems, such as GPS or Glonass, television cameras and monitors (RU 2182313, G01C 21/00 , 05/10/2002).

However, the known technical solutions are not universal and are characterized. a sufficiently narrow distribution area that does not adequately cover the types of landing surfaces and possible landing conditions for the aircraft.

Closest to the proposed one is a system for ensuring the landing of an aircraft, providing the pilot with a visual landing at an aerodrome, helipad or helicopter aerodrome, hydroaerodrome in the daytime and at night, in difficult weather conditions, as well as a hidden landing and including passive type marker signs on the landing surface operating in the visible and infrared ranges, and on the aircraft, landing lights of visible and infrared illumination and night vision goggles for the pilot (RU 2225808, B64F 1/18, 20.0 3.2004).

However, this system makes it difficult to perform pre-landing maneuvers in the area of a poorly equipped landing surface and allows you to get only a limited field of view of the outside space when using night vision goggles.

The objective of the invention is to provide a system for ensuring aircraft landing on landing surfaces of various types and with varying degrees of their technical equipment, providing the pilot with the possibility of a high-quality pre-landing maneuver with reliable visual contact of the pilot with the landing surface at the final stage of the aircraft landing approach before landing. The technical result, therefore, is to expand the functionality of such a system.

The problem is solved in that in the system to ensure the landing of the aircraft, containing passive type marker signs located on the landing surface, the plates of which are made with a retroreflective coating of directional action, operating in the visible and infrared ranges, and visible and infrared landing lights installed on board the aircraft the first of which, together with marker signs, are designed to ensure aircraft landing during the day, twilight and night, and the second, together with marker signs and those located at a night vision goggle — to ensure an aircraft landing at night in difficult weather conditions and hidden landing — an autonomous satellite navigation system and a low-level television camera operating in day-night modes are installed on board the aircraft, the outputs of which are connected to the monitor with the ability to provide the pilot with information performing pre-landing maneuvers and images of the landing surface day and night to make eye contact with the pilot, while the television camera is equipped with optical path with an infrared filter that cuts off visual radiation and is automatically switched from day to night in the IR range when the ambient light level falls below a predetermined threshold, the satellite navigation system is automatically guided by the radiation of the landing lights on the marker marks to ensure the aircraft reaches the landing course to the landing surface at the required range, marker signs are equipped with brackets for rigid mounting of the plates at a fixed installation angle o in relative vertical and landing lights visible and infrared illumination constructively combined in pairwise combination lamps and made multi-element LED arrays.

Partial essential features of the invention contribute to the solution of the problem.

As the landing surface for the aircraft can be used airfield runway. At the same time, marker marks can be double-petered.

As a landing surface for aircraft can be used a helipad or a heliport. In this case, the marker marks can be made three-petalled with a circular in the horizontal plane characteristic of retroreflection.

As the landing surface for the aircraft can be used the water surface of the hydroaerodrome. In this case, marker marks can be made triple-shaped in the form of floats with a circular retroreflective characteristic of retroreflection.

Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the proposed system, figure 2-4 shows marker signs for the runway of the aerodrome, helipad or helipad and hydroaerodrome, figure 5-8 respectively shows a combined landing light visible and infrared illumination, night vision goggles , a television camera (1) with a monitor (2) and a stand-alone satellite navigation system (such as, for example, GPS or Glonass).

The functional diagram of the system (Fig. 1) shows a set of marker signs (markers) 1, a combined landing light 2, night vision goggles 3, a low-level television camera 4, an autonomous satellite navigation system 5 with an indicator, and a monitor 6. The number of combined headlights 2 used on an aircraft, it is determined by the type and design of the aircraft and corresponds to the number of standard headlights, since the proposed LED combined headlight 2 is structurally placed in the body of the standard headlight.

During the approach using the proposed system, the pre-landing maneuver and the reduction on the aircraft approach trajectories are performed using the satellite navigation system 5 until the pilot receives reliable contact with the runway. Then the pilot makes an approach before touching the landing surface:

- visually, during the day;

- visually, at night, illuminating the landing surface with a combined landing light of 2 aircraft in the visible range;

- at night, with the help of night vision goggles 3, highlighting the landing surface with the combined landing light 2 in the infrared range;

- day and night, using a television monitor 6, highlighting the landing surface of the combined landing light 2 in the visible or infrared range, respectively.

All modes of the approach of the aircraft for landing at the final stage are controlled (with registration) by a television camera 4 with the display of the landing surface on the monitor 6.

For each individual runway equipment case, a special design of marker marks 1 was developed with the help of modeling and range testing, taking into account the maximum range and ease of operation.

The retroreflective coating used in the construction of marker marks 1 is characterized by directional action with a high coefficient of retroreflectivity and operates in the visible and infrared ranges. Together with the equipment on board the aircraft, it provides the required range of "contact" of the pilot with the landing surface.

A sufficient detection range of the landing surface, in particular the runway, is confirmed by calculation from the ratio for calculating the illumination of the pupil’s eye of the pilot.

The visible range uses the expression

where E _P - threshold sensitivity of the eye [lux];

r is the brightness coefficient of the retroreflective coating of the marker mark 1;

S is the area of the reflecting surface of the marker sign 1 [m ² ];

D is the distance from the observer to marker 1, equal to

the distance from the landing light 2 to the marker mark 1 [m];

α is the attenuation coefficient of the light flux per unit of distance [m ^-1 ];

I is the radiation power of the landing light 2 in the visible range [cd].

For infrared use expression

where E _P - threshold sensitivity of glasses 3 night vision [lux];

I ₀ - radiation power of the landing light 2 in the infrared operating range of glasses 3 night vision and the receiver of the television camera 4 [cd];

σ _eff is the effective reflecting surface of the marker mark 1 in the infrared operating range of night vision goggles 3 and the television camera receiver 4 [m ² ];

r ₀ - transmittance of the atmosphere by radiation in the infrared range of glasses 3 night vision;

D is the detection range of marker sign 1 by the operator using night vision goggles 3 or television camera 4 (it is assumed that the distance from the landing light 2 to marker sign 1 and from the operator to marker sign 1 is approximately equal) [m].

Experimental samples of system elements developed by the new technology, as already indicated, are shown in Fig.2-8. Marker signs 1 for the runway of the aerodrome are shown in figure 2, for the helipad and helicopter aerodrome - in figure 3, for the water surface of the hydroaerodrome (in the form of floats) - in figure 4. The combined landing LED headlight 2 of visible and infrared radiation is shown in Fig. 5, night vision goggles 3 in Fig. 6, a low-level television camera 4 with a monitor 6 in Fig. 7, and a stand-alone satellite navigation system 5 in Fig. 8.

All products were investigated by modeling, field tests and flight tests (report No. 115-05-VIII “Conducting flight research on a modified layout of an active-passive landing system for unequipped airfields and developing a draft technical specification for a prototype.” FSUE “LII named after M.M. .Gromova ", 2005).

Ensuring aircraft landing is as follows.

1. Landing aircraft on the runway of the aerodrome. The runway is indicated by two-leaf marker marks 1 (figure 2).

After completing a pre-landing maneuver by satellite navigation system 5 at the final stage of approach (“on the line”) in daylight conditions, the pilot visually makes “contact” with the runway, controlling the weather image on monitor 6 of television camera 4 operating in “day” mode Runway and landing before landing. At night, the pilot highlights the marker signs 1 and the runway with a combined landing light 2 in the visible radiation range, performs a visual approach before landing, controlling the approach of the low-level television camera 4 on the monitor 6. In difficult weather conditions and, if necessary, a hidden landing, the pilot highlights the marker signs 1 and the runway with a combined with a landing light 2 in the infrared range of radiation, makes a call using night vision goggles 3 or a monitor 6 with a low-level television camera 4 operating in the "night" mode ".

2. Landing on the helipad or heliport. The helipad or heliport is indicated by passive three-leaf marker marks 1 (with a circular retroreflective characteristic of retroreflection) (Fig. 3). The pre-landing maneuver and landing approach before landing are performed similarly to landing on the runway of the aerodrome.

3. Landing hydro-LA on the water surface of the hydroaerodrome. Part of the water surface of the hydroaerodrome, intended for landing hydro-LA, is indicated by marker signs 1 - floats (with a circular retroreflective characteristic of retroreflection) (figure 4). The pre-landing maneuver and the approach of the aircraft for landing before the splashdown are performed similarly to landing on the runway of the aerodrome.

Thus, the proposed system provides aircraft landing on landing surfaces of various types and with varying degrees of technical equipment around the clock in adverse weather conditions, as well as a hidden aircraft landing at night.

Claims (7)

1. The system for ensuring the landing of the aircraft, containing passive type markers placed on the landing surface, the plates of which are made with a retroreflective coating of directional action, operating in the visible and infrared ranges, and visible and infrared illuminated landing lights mounted on board the aircraft, the first of which together with marker signs are designed to ensure the landing of the aircraft during the day, twilight and night, and the second, together with marker marks kami and night vision goggles located at the pilot - to ensure the aircraft is landing at night in difficult weather conditions and hidden landing, characterized in that the aircraft is equipped with an autonomous satellite navigation system and operating in day-night modes, a low-level television camera, the outputs of which connected to the monitor with the ability to provide the pilot with information to perform pre-landing maneuvers and images of the landing surface day and night for flying with it com of visual contact, while the television camera is equipped with an infrared filter installed in the optical path that cuts off the visual radiation and is automatically switched from day to night in the IR range when the ambient light level decreases below a predetermined threshold, the satellite navigation system is automatically guided by landing radiation headlamps on marker signs to ensure that the aircraft enters the landing course to the landing surface at the required range, mar ernye marks provided with brackets for rigid attachment plates installation at a fixed angle relative to the vertical, and landing lights visible and infrared illumination constructively combined in pairwise combination lamps and made multi-element LED arrays. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that as the landing surface for the aircraft used the airfield runway. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the marker marks are made of two-petal. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that as the landing surface for the aircraft used a helipad or a heliport. 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that the marker marks are made of three-petalled with a retroreflective characteristic circular in the horizontal plane. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the water surface of the hydroaerodrome is used as the landing surface for the aircraft. 7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that the marker marks are made of three-petal in the form of floats with a circular retroreflective characteristic.

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