RU2298528C2 - Device for purification and decontamination of water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for purification and decontamination of water.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device has body with inlet and outlet branch pipes which form working chamber where stator ring is located and rotor with rotor ring is mounted on drive shaft. Rings have holes for flow of water. Rotor is made in form of impeller of centrifugal pump. Width of each hole in rotor ring is equal to width of each hole in stator ring. Device is provided with second similar rotor which is symmetrical to first one in mirror image. Stator ring has additional holes corresponding to holes of second rotor. Common working area is formed between surfaces of stator and body. Stator ring is provided with stiffeners. Reflector is mounted on inner wall of body. Several working chambers may be mounted on drive shaft. Device may be provided with self-contained drive and may be mounted on chassis.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of water treatment.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of water purification from microorganisms, toxic and other impurities using hydrocracking processes and can be used in the treatment of drinking water, sewage, biotechnological and liquid industrial waste.

A device for disinfecting water is known (patent RU No. 21114791, class C02F 3/02, C02F 3/18, C02F 1/74, 1995), comprising a housing with inlet and outlet pipes and an impeller, a gas pipe with a control valve, a central pipe axisymmetrically mounted with an inlet pipe, and a high-pressure tank with inlet and outlet pipes. The device uses an increase in pressure in the environment with the aim of biocidal effects on living microorganisms.

However, the known device has a low disinfection efficiency, since the increase in pressure does not affect the spore forms of microorganisms protected by the capsule, the anaerobic forms of microorganisms that do not use oxygen for respiration, as well as viruses and phages, which are intracellular parasites. The strength of the cell wall of microorganisms to increase intracellular pressure can reach 1-3 MPa, therefore, for many types of microorganisms, an increase in pressure within the indicated limits (0.4-0.6 MPa) will not affect. In addition, the contents of previously living cells and their waste products, isolated in water, remain unchanged and can be a factor in the toxic damage of a living organism that uses water treated in this way.

The closest in technical essence is a rotary cavitation apparatus (patent RU No. 2174045, B01F 7/00, B01F 11/02, 1999), comprising a housing with inlet and outlet openings and forming a working chamber in which the stator and rotor are located on the drive shaft, consisting of disks mounted alternately along the axis of symmetry of the working chamber. The first rotor disk is an injection wheel of the axial pump and is equipped with radial blades located at an angle to its plane, the second rotor disk installed between the stator disks has radial cutting blades located in the plane of the disk. Moreover, the front blade in the direction of rotation is made in the form of a wedge, and the rear blade is in the form of a parallelepiped with radial grooves on its side faces. The stator disks are equipped with radial slots, which in the second disk are made tapering to its planes. Radial blades and rotor blades, slots and grooves in the stator disks are evenly spaced around the disk circumferences and have the same radial lengths.

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited area of use, since axial pumps do not provide the necessary pressure differential for the implementation of an effective acoustic cavitation process. The device undergoes a process of slightly dissipative gas cavitation, although when using the device for purifying river water, the number of bacteria colonies decreased, but the drinking water remained unsuitable for consumption, and its further processing is necessary.

The objective of the invention is to expand the field of use of devices for cleaning and disinfecting water and improving the quality of treated water. The problem is achieved in that the device for cleaning and disinfecting water consists of a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles forming a working chamber. In the working chamber there is a stator ring and on the drive shaft a rotor with a rotor ring having openings for water passage located opposite one another. The rotor is made in the form of an impeller of a centrifugal pump. The width of each hole of the rotor ring is equal to the width of each hole of the stator ring. In addition, a second rotor is introduced in the form of an impeller and having a rigidly fixed ring with holes for the passage of treated water at the outlet, moreover, it is mounted on the drive shaft and is mirror symmetrical to the first rotor; holes corresponding to the holes of the second rotor are additionally made on the stator ring. The axial planes of the holes of the stator and rotor rings are offset from each other by an amount from zero to half the angular pitch, and the ratio of the hole sizes of the rings of the first and second rotor rings is from 0.1 to 1.0. The stator ring has one or more stiffeners. On the inner wall of the housing can be additionally installed reflector. The edges of the holes of the stator and rotor rings can be made rounded. Several working chambers can be placed on the drive shaft. A device for cleaning and disinfecting water can have a standalone drive and be installed on the chassis.

During a pulsed outflow of water from the holes, a shock wave is formed at the moment the outflow begins, under the energy influence of which dissipation (absorption and conversion) of acoustic energy occurs in the medium, which is then released in the reactions initiated by the cavitation process. This can be physical, physico-chemical, chemical reactions associated with the absorption, release or redistribution of bond energy and internal phase formation energy in crystals, colloids and molecules of a substance that falls under conditions of high temperatures and pressures that arise in the volume of a cavitation bubble (CP) - The main instrument of cavitation technology. Cavitation bubbles form in water along the trailing edge of the shock wave with a decrease in pressure below the critical pressure. With a further decrease in pressure to the region of negative values, the number of cavitation bubbles in the water reaches 1-10 · 10 ⁶ units / ml.

When all Gibbs energy is used up and a minimum of negative pressures is reached, the spherical boundaries of the CS begin their more and more accelerated movement toward the center of the bubbles, increasing the temperature and pressure in the volume, water thermolysis begins, other destructive processes, various chemical reactions (the processes of transition of atoms to an excited state, dissociation, formation of active radicals, a certain amount of thermal energy is released). With the complete collapse of the cavitation bubble, a secondary shock wave is formed with a very narrow pulse of a positive pressure jump, the excess of thermal energy passes into the medium, and the temperature of the medium rises. If the temperature of the medium is in the vicinity of the boiling point of one of the components of the medium or product obtained as a result of reactions that occur in the volume of the cavitation bubble before its collapse, then the process of separation of the component (product) in the vapor phase and the process of the final collapse of the bubble with the formation of secondary shock wave may not occur. The resulting vapor-gas-liquid mixture is discharged from the cavitation region through the flow region to the outlet of the device, and then is separated in a separator.

Figure 1 shows the design of the device, figure 2 shows the possible cross-sectional shape of the stator and rotor rings, figure 2a is a triangular shape, figure 2b is a box-shaped, 2c is a flat shape.

The device for cleaning and disinfecting water consists of a housing 1 with inlet nozzles 2 and 3 and an outlet nozzle 4, a stator 5 ring, rotors 6 and 7 located on the drive shaft 8. The rotors 6 and 7 are the impellers of centrifugal pumps, which are rigidly fixed rotor rings 9 and 10. The stator ring 5 is concave and has slots 11 and an annular stiffener 12. The rotor rings 9 and 10 are also concave and have slots 13 and 14 located opposite the slots 11 of the stator ring 5. In the housing 1 opposite the stator ring and 5 mounted reflector 15.

A working chamber is formed in the device, which consists of three areas - two injection areas: the first between the inlet pipe 2 and the impeller of the rotor ring 9 and the second between the inlet pipe 3 and the impeller of the rotor ring 10, and also the common working area. The general working area consists of two areas: the main cavitation area - between the stator 5 ring and the reflector 15 and the flow area connecting the cavitation area with the outlet pipe 4.

The device operates as follows.

Consider a schematic unit cycle of the device — the formation of a single shock wave pulse.

Starting position: slots 11 of the stator 5 ring and slots 13 and 14 of the rotor rings 9 and 10 are locked (do not match), the rotors 6 and 7 are in a dynamic state (rotate at rated speed, the working chamber of the housing 1 is filled with medium). At the same time, the number of shock waves is formed, equal to the number of holes of the stator ring 5.

The processed fluid is sucked through the inlet nozzles 2 and 3 in both injection areas of the working chamber of the rotors 6 and 7. The medium inside the rotors 6 and 7 in front of the rotor rings 9 and 10 is under the discharge pressure P _pump. created by rotors 6 and 7.

At a certain point in time, the slots 11 of the stator 5 and the slots 13 and 14 of the rotor rings 9 and 10 begin to open (coincide), connecting the injection region with the cavitation region under pressure P _stat <P _injection. where P _stat - adjustable pressure, P _pump - discharge pressure created by the impellers.

From the combined slots 11, 13 and 14, water jets begin to flow out at a high speed, acoustic vibrations occur in the medium. As a result of summing the acoustic pressure vectors directed to point O (Fig. 1), a narrow pulse of the positive phase of the shock wave is formed, which has a significant amplitude, but the cavitation process is not yet excited, since the medium is in a compressed state and the compression ratio increases as the medium moves in the direction of the point O. After passing the point O, the shock wave becomes spherical diverging, in the region of its trailing front, conditions are created for the cavitation process to occur due to the fact that all a large mass of the medium is carried away by the shock wave in the direction of its propagation with a velocity greater than the velocity of the outflow from the slots.

Sound pressure after passing a positive maximum in the region of point O starts to decrease and at a current pressure p less than P _cr (in the rarefaction region), tensile stresses arise in the medium stream along the 4 trailing edge of the shock wave, which means that a cavitation process has arisen in the medium with the formation of a new phase - a cavitation bubble (CP). Otherwise, the energy spent on increasing the volume of the CP is taken from the sound wave - the medium boils sharply. When the minimum negative pressure in the medium is reached (this moment is calculated), the leading edge of the shock wave reaches the surface of the reflector 15, is reflected from it, and the shock wave moves in the opposite direction through the cavitation region containing cavitation bubbles. In this case, the sign of sound pressure in the medium containing cavitation bubbles changes to the opposite, the total pressure increases sharply, and compressive stresses begin to act in the medium, which contribute to the collapse of cavitation bubbles with increasing speed, the greater the absolute value of the amplitude of sound pressure in the negative region of the shock wave and the amplitude of the reflected leading edge of the same wave. In this case, energy is taken from the reflected shock wave, which goes to increase the energy of collapse of the cavitation bubble.

The generatrix of the housing 1 has a cylindrical shape and is located coaxially with the axis of the drive, with special profiling relative to the plane of symmetry and calculation, the housing 1 of the device can play the role of a reflector 15. At a certain distance from the surface of the ring of the stator 5, a reflector 15 is also made in the form of a concave (with respect to to the point O) of the ring and having the point O as the center of its generator. The reflector 15 is located coaxially with the axis of the drive shaft 8. The shape of the reflector 15 is selected in accordance with the shape of the envelope formed by the stator ring 5 of the shock wave. Figure 2 shows the conditional limits of the shape change of the reflector 15, in the limit, the reflector has the shape of a cylindrical ring (Fig.2c). Point N is the middle of the cross section of the reflex ring 15 and lies in the plane of symmetry of the device perpendicular to the axis of the drive. The ON distance of the reflector installation is selected based on the purpose of the device, its power (productivity), sound speed in the medium being processed, the range of input physical and chemical parameters of the raw material, the degree of variation of the maximum and minimum thermodynamic process parameters, etc. Various mounting options for the reflector are possible:

1) to the cylindrical generatrix of the housing;

2) to the end walls of the housing;

3) to the stator ring.

The rings 9 and 10 of the rotors 6 and 7, the stator 5 and the reflector 15 are arranged in such a way that they have two types of symmetry: a common axis of central symmetry coinciding with the axis of the drive shaft 8, and a plane of symmetry that is common for rings 9 and 10 of the rotors 6 and 7 and the stator 5. The plane of symmetry is perpendicular to the axis of the drive shaft 8 and is the geometrical location on which the centers of all the semicircles forming the claimed profile are located, and is a circle centered at point O. The direct OM lies in the plane of symmetry.

The shape of the rotor rings 9 and 10 is mirror symmetric with respect to the plane of symmetry. The plane in which lies the longitudinal plane of the cross-section of the slots and the axis of rotation of the rotors will be called the axial plane. The angular pitch of adjacent slots (the angle between the axial planes of adjacent holes) is the same for the slots of the stator 5 ring and rotor 9 and 10 rings. The same step can be multiple for the rotor rings 9 (for example, the first rotor), while the passage section of the slots for the rotor rings 9 of the first rotor and the corresponding section of the slots of the stator ring 5 interacting with the first rotor may differ from the corresponding parameters of the ring 10 of the second rotor and reciprocal slots of the stator ring. The pitch is selected depending on the speed of rotation of the drive shaft. This means that the number of holes on the sides of the cavitation apparatus corresponding to the first and second rotors can differ (be multiple).

The mounting angle (the angle between the axial planes of the slots of the rotor rings of the first and second rotors) can be selected depending on the quality of the source water and varies from 0 to a value approaching the value of the angular pitch of the slots. This depends on at what moment in the life of the cavitation bubble the cavitation process excited, for example, by the first rotor, must interact with the cavitation process excited by the second rotor.

The ribs (rings) of rigidity 12, rigidly fixed to the stator ring 5, increase the rigidity of the cavitation apparatus and reduce the own resonant frequency of the system of rotor 9 and 10 and stator 5 rings, at the main frequency of the activator determined by the angular pitch of the holes and the angular frequency of rotation of the rotors.

The shape and dimensions of the ribs (rings) 12 stiffness can be different and vary depending on the tasks and the shape of the stator 5 ring. Cylindrical (figs) stator 5 ring may have several ribs (rings) of rigidity.

An increase in the flow of the medium through the rotor-stator system is also facilitated by rounding of the edges of the slots of the rotor and stator rings from the side of the incoming medium flow. The outer surface of the housing of the device may be coated with heat and sound insulating material to reduce heat and acoustic losses.

The highest concentration coefficient of the shock wave will be possessed by a device with an annular profile of a cavitation apparatus (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2a). Next, the concentration coefficient of the shock wave will decrease for devices built with a triangular profile (figa), with a box-shaped profile (fig.2b). For a device circuit with flat (in cross-section) profiles of a cavitation apparatus (Fig. 2c), the concentration coefficient of the shock wave will be zero.

The concentration of the shock wave is used to set up destructive processes characterized by high bond breaking energies and ionization potentials, i.e. for very high-quality purification of relatively small amounts of water with its release from microflora. For such processes, the annular and triangular cross-sectional profiles of the cavitation apparatus are most applicable (Fig. 2a). The concentration of the shock wave is not required for relatively low-energy processes (such as, for example, degassing liquids and converting salts to an insoluble form, followed by precipitation during the treatment of mineralized water in the absence of the need to deactivate viruses), box-shaped and flat profiles are applicable for such processes ( fig.2b, c).

The device for cleaning and disinfecting water can be performed single and multi-circuit. Single-circuit devices can be built flowing (with open loop) and cyclic (with closed loop circulation of the medium to be processed) and are used to process the medium in cases where the organization of a heterophase cavitation process proceeding without preliminary degassing of the medium is sufficient to achieve the set goals. Such a process, for example, is the treatment of drinking water. Two (or more) loop installations are used for setting cavitation processes that exclude the ingress of raw materials into the finished product, as well as for organizing multi-stage processes in which various reactions are planned in different plant loops. Also, two or more contour units can be used in cases where raw water contains a significant amount of living cells (more than 2 million / ml), or contains bales of anthrax or colonies protected by mucus, as well as where consistent grinding fragments of such colonies obtained in the previous stages of application of the cavitation process. Among these processes is the sterilization of heavily contaminated drinking water and special water treatment, it being assumed that, if necessary, each device can be tied to a container (in cases where a certain time is required for the course of, for example, physicochemical reactions). In these cases, multi-circuit devices have advantages over single-circuit devices. An intermediate option is a single-circuit device with the organization of recycling (multiple cavitation process in a loop loop) due to the obvious savings on the amount of equipment. Recycling devices with an associated increase in temperature can be used, for example, for sterilizing water. After this treatment, the wastewater becomes suitable for injection into oil reservoirs to maintain reservoir pressure.

As a result of using the proposed device, the following results are achieved:

a) the organoleptic qualities of tap water are improved;

b) improved water quality in terms of "total microbial number" and "toxicity";

c) the use of chlorine can be excluded;

d) reduced capital costs;

e) the area occupied by treatment facilities is reduced;

e) the number of staff is reduced;

g) corrosion of water pipes is reduced and service life is increased, reliability of pipelines is increased 2-4 times as a result of a multiple reduction in the amount of dissolved gases;

h) the risks of emergencies are reduced;

i) the cost of tap water and hot water will decrease.

When using the proposed device for sterilization and special water treatment, the economic effect will be even higher. When installing the device on the chassis, it becomes mobile and can be used in areas of natural and technological disasters.

Claims (4)

1. A device for cleaning and disinfecting water, consisting of a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles forming a working chamber, in which a stator ring and a rotor with a rotor ring are placed on the drive shaft, made in the form of an impeller of a centrifugal pump, with the width of each hole of the rotor ring equal to the width of each hole of the stator ring, characterized in that it is equipped with a second rotor in the form of an impeller of a centrifugal pump, having at the output a rigidly fixed ring with holes for passage of the image atyvaemoy water, wherein the second rotor is mounted on a drive shaft and a mirror symmetrical first rotor on the stator ring is further provided with holes corresponding to the holes of the second rotor and stator surfaces between the housing and formed by a general operating area for the water supplied to the first and second rotors. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor rings of the first and second rotors are made with an unequal number of holes of unequal size and angular pitch. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a reflector is installed in the working area. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an independent drive and mounted on the chassis.

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