RU2296572C1 - Capsule of prolonged action with preparation for binding body radionuclides in cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radiation veterinary science, medicine, hygiene.

SUBSTANCE: the suggested capsule contains the powder of reduced iron, a binding substance as wax and ferrocin as an enterosorbent being active against radionuclides at the following ratio of the ingredients mentioned, weight%: ferrocin 40, the powder of reduced iron 40, bee wax 20, moreover, the capsule is designed as a cylindrical pill with a conic blunt end. The innovation enables to withdraw radionuclides out of animal body successfully.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of binding.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of radiation medicine and radiation hygiene and can find application in the treatment of radiation pathologies caused by the ingress of radionuclides into the body of animals or people.

The 1986 Chernobyl accident required the development of special measures aimed at providing the population with environmentally friendly livestock products (milk and meat). As a specific sorbent of ¹³⁷ Cs, researchers used ferrocyanide (Prussian blue). In the literature, its synonym is often used - ferrocin. The chemical formula of ferrocin is: KFe [Fe (CN) ₆ ]. Potassium may be replaced by an NH ₄ group or, for example, cobalt.

In livestock practice in a radioactively contaminated area, ferrocin began to be used: in the form of a powder (natural form), applied to cellulose / beef /, in the form of mineral-salt briquettes and boluses (capsules). All these dosage forms serve to bind ¹³⁷ Cs, which enters the gastrointestinal tract with food, thereby preventing the absorption of radioactive cesium into the blood, which means that it enters milk and meat.

Known "Capsule of prolonged release and a method of increasing weight gain and / or preventing a painful condition in ruminants, a method of increasing absorption of selenium in ruminants" containing ionophore, selenium and a carrier, diluent, excipient and / or adjuvant acceptable in veterinary medicine (RF Patent No. 2145845, MKI: A 61 K 9/48; 9/52; A 23 K 1/16; 1/17; 1/175, date of publication 27.02.2000).

Known "Granular composition for ruminants and a method for its preparation", which has a core containing a physiologically active substance coated with a layer having a laminar structure, in which plate crystals are arranged in layers and consisting of one or more substances (first coating material) selected from a group comprising a fatty acid or its ester having 12-22 carbon atoms, a cured animal or vegetable fat and a fatty oil or a cured animal or vegetable fat and a fatty oil , the melting point of which is 40 ° C or higher, and wax, the melting point of which is 40 ° C or higher, and plate crystals of a substance (second coating material), poorly soluble in water under neutral conditions, but well soluble in water under acidic conditions, having the average particle size of 5-30 μm, the ratio between the first coating material and the second coating material is in the range of 3: 2-1: 3 by weight, and the weight of the coating layer is 5-50 wt.% by weight of the entire composition. Physiologically active substance includes a substance selected from the group consisting of an amino acid or its derivative, vitamin, vitamin derivative, enzyme, medicine, hormone, carbohydrate, microorganism, mineral substance or other nutrient. RF patent No. 2109460, MKI: A 23 K 1/00; 1/20, date publ. 04/27/98

The well-known "Method of obtaining funds with radioprotective activity" in which lichen is mixed, as well as auxiliary substances - lactose and starch, 0.16 l of a 64% solution of sugar syrup are added as a moisturizer in the following ratio, wt.%:

Lichen fifty lactose 25 starch 25

RF patent No. 2123857, MKI: A 61 K 35/82; 9/16; 35/82; 31/70, date publ. 12/27/98

The “Means for removing radionuclides deposited in the body” is known, the essence of the invention consists in the use of clinoptilite varieties of zeolite-containing rocks, which are used to remove radionuclides from the body. RF patent No. 2063229 MKI: A 61 K 33/00; 33/06; 33/26; 33/32, date publ. 10/07/96

The closest analogue to the proposed invention is "The use of Prussian blue to reduce the level of contamination with radioactive cesium of milk and meat produced in areas affected by the Chernobyl accident." IAEA, Vienna, March 1997 (pp. 13-15).

The composition of the capsule (bolus), a cylindrical shape obtained by pressing, includes ferrocin 15-25 wt.%, Barium sulfate 60-15 wt.% And beeswax 60-75 wt.%.

Initial experiments conducted as part of the International Chernobyl Project, which began at the end of the 1990 pasture season, showed that the introduction of capsules is potentially suitable for field use. The manure of animals treated with capsules was tested in field experiments as fertilizer on sandy soils where oats and lupins were grown. During the first growing season, Prussian blue, released from the capsules, halved the content of radiocaesium in plants; however, in the second period it was not possible to detect a significant decrease in the levels of radiocaesium.

Further research was needed to determine the usefulness of introducing capsule-fed livestock manure into the soils where vegetables consumed by the population are grown.

Using capsules synthesized in Ukraine, capsules were manufactured at the Agricultural University of Norway in accordance with the composition of the capsules described in the closest analogue. Within a separate set of experiments, changes in the composition of wax in capsules were studied. However, replacing the originally used beeswax with wax mixtures, which are more readily available in the CIS, did not give successful results, because with some formulations the ferrocine excretion rate was too low, while other formulations did not maintain physical stability in the rumen. Therefore, it is recommended that the capsules contain: 15-25% ferrocin, 60-75% mineral barite and 10-15% beeswax.

In Ukraine, field trials were conducted in 20 villages of the Rivne region in 1993 and in 70 villages of the Zhytomyr and Rivne regions in 1994. A total of 6,500 dairy cows were obtained from both capsules and powdered ferrocin.

The capsule formulations used for cattle in order to reduce the contamination of milk and meat with radiocaesium had the above composition of the components (in a close analogue). In the first formulation, barium sulfate serves as a passive filler. According to various authors, the effectiveness of the binding of radiocaesium by such boluses in laboratory and production conditions varies from 1.5 to 4 times.

The disadvantages of a close analogue include: the use of a filler that plays only a passive role, relatively low efficiency compared with the proposed composition of the capsule.

The technical result includes the production of an economically and technologically affordable means that allows to increase the efficiency of binding and elimination of radionuclides from the body of animals or people, as well as having a low degree of toxicity that does not affect the normal vital signs of animals or people.

The technical result is achieved by performing a prolonged action capsule with a means of binding radionuclides in the body of cattle. The capsule contains a filler, a binder in the form of wax and ferrocin as an enterosorbent active against radionuclides, the capsule being made in the form of a cylindrical pill with a cone-shaped blunt end, and reduced iron powder is introduced as a filler in the following ratio of ingredients, wt% :

ferrocin 40 reconstituted powder 40 gland beeswax twenty

The advantages of the proposed capsule composition and increase of its effectiveness include the replacement of a passive filler (barium sulfate) with an active one, using reduced iron powder for this. The advantage of using reduced iron in the composition is increased secretion and improved animal appetite, as it is used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes in case of iron deficiency in feed, in case of anemia and depletion of animals and humans. Using in the capsule the proposed composition of the reduced iron powder instead of barium sulfate can increase the usefulness of the applied dosage form to enhance the health of the animal, while the effectiveness of anti-cesium capsules increases by 4-5 times.

The present invention relates to the development of a new formulation of anti-cesium capsules in veterinary radiology.

Each of the components of the capsule has its own purpose:

- ferrocin is a specific sorbent (enterosorbent) ¹³⁷ Cs;

- reduced iron powder serves to enhance the secretion and improve the appetite of animals, gives a preventive and therapeutic result with iron deficiency in feed, with anemia and depletion of animal organisms;

- Beeswax is used as a binder in the manufacture of capsules.

In external form, the capsule is a large elongated cylindrical pill with a conical blunt end weight: 180-190 g, 100-105 mm long and 30-33 mm in diameter.

Testing of anti-cesium capsules for cattle developed and manufactured at VNIISKHRAE was carried out at the Novozybkov State Agricultural Experimental Station according to the program and methods developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Radiology and Agroecology.

In each group there were 25 cows that grazed in one herd, that is, during the entire period of research, they used the same food on pasture.

The purpose of the tests:

- to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the new capsule formulation in comparison with the sorbent ^l37 Cs described in a close analogue;

- assess the effect of the new formulation on the physiological state of animals according to hematological, biochemical, immunological tests and production indicators;

- evaluate the effect of the new capsule formulation on the chemical composition of milk.

Test Results:

- 10 days after a single administration of capsules of a new composition and daily use of the composition described in a close analogue, the reduction in radioactivity in milk was 3.3 times for the new capsule composition, 7.1 times for the old one;

- for 4 months of observation, control and experimental animals according to clinical laboratory parameters did not deviate from the physiological norm;

- according to hematological indicators in all groups in which capsules of a new composition were used, there was a tendency to an increase in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin compared with the results given by capsules with the first composition;

- leukocyte resistance also tended to increase in all groups;

- the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in all groups decreased significantly in the 1st group (capsules of a new composition) - 3 times; in the 2nd group (capsules with the old composition) - 1.9 times;

- according to the immuno-microbiological test, the number of intestinal-mumps bacteria isolated from nasal mucus did not significantly change. In all 3 groups there was a tendency to decrease;

- the bactericidal activity of blood serum showed a significant decrease in the indicator in all groups. However, this decrease did not go beyond the norm;

- beta-lytic activity of blood serum remained within the initial values obtained in the month of June;

- the content of protein and protein fractions remained at the initial level with a slight increase in albumin due to β-globulins;

- the content of micro and macro elements in blood serum fluctuated within normal limits;

- the content of micro and macro elements in milk also did not differ from the initial values;

- milk yield during the experiment for all groups changed the same way.

The results of the production test of anti-cesium capsules made according to the new formulation show that they are characterized by high sorption efficiency of ¹³⁷ Cs. They do not have toxic properties upon ingestion into animals and do not alter the chemical composition of milk.

Using a bolus-squeezer, 2-3 capsules are introduced to the animal through the oral cavity into the scar. Contacting with fodder masses, they gradually wear out, firmly binding ¹³⁷ Cs and preventing its absorption into the blood. The use of capsules of a new composition allows to reduce several times the contamination of milk and meat with radiocaesium

The research results and experimental data are summarized in table.

Table
Concentration of ¹³⁷ Cs in prefabricated (group) milk of cows after administration of anti-cesium capsules (boluses). Study period Control - capsule (close analogue), Bq / l Experience - prolonged-action capsule, Bq / l The frequency reduction of radioactivity Before introduction 233.8 ± 29.5 207.6 ± 26.7 0 After 10 days 462.9 ± 57.7 139.4 ± 19.1 3.3 times In 20 days 228.7 ± 28.9 67.3 ± 8.5 3.4 times After 30 days 197.4 ± 25.5 61.7 ± 8.9 3.2 times

The table clearly shows the increase in the efficiency of binding and elimination of radionuclides from the animal organism, as well as the reduction of toxicity to a degree that does not affect the normal vital signs of animals or humans when using a prolonged-action capsule with a radionuclide binding agent.

Claims (1)

A capsule of prolonged action with a means of binding radionuclides in the body of cattle of a cylindrical shape, obtained by pressing, containing a filler, a binder in the form of wax and ferrocin as an enterosorbent active against radionuclides, characterized in that it is made in the form of a cylindrical pill with a conical blunt the end, and as a filler, the reduced iron powder was introduced into the composition in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%: Ferrocin 40 Reduced Iron Powder 40 Beeswax twenty