RU2328132C2 - Method of heavy metals and radionuclides elimination from organism of animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: method includes a giving to animal with a forage additional of enterosorbent - a wood biopolymer, namely: an animal feed a wood biopolymer with the content of 1.5% of dihydroquercetine in dose: for cows 10...30 g on a head in day, for calves - 5...10 g on a head in day, for pigs - 1...5 g on a head in day.

EFFECT: invention allows developing simple and technologically accessible method of heavy metals and radionuclides elimination from an organism of animals.

6 tbl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to methods of cleaning the animal organism from heavy metals and radionuclides.

There is a method of stimulating the evacuation of heavy metals from the body of animals through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) using calcium carbonate chemical synthesis through the soil and voluminous form of feed - cereal hay. The method provides a content of 1311 mg / kg calcium and 0.99 mg / kg strontium in milk with a ratio of first to second order 1618, which corresponds to the norm (G.N. Vyayzenen, V.A.Savin, G.A. Vyayzenen, I .N. Taratukhin and others. Heavy metals in animal products // Agricultural Science. - 1999. - No. 4. - S.11-12). However, the method is time consuming and not sufficiently technological.

It is known to use the adsorbing properties of zeolite to cleanse the body of animals from strontium and cadmium (ibid.). However, the question of using zeolites for removing heavy metals and radionuclides from animals is far from being studied, since they themselves can be a source of heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium and strontium (I.V. Petrukhin. Feed and feed additives. Reference - M.: Rosagro-promizdat. - 1989. - 526 p.).

There is a method of cleaning the body of lactating cows from radioactive cesium by feeding animals in addition to the main diet, consisting of fodder contaminated with radioactive cesium - hay, grass, granules, - 3 g of AFCF (ammonium-iron-hexocyanoferrate, NH ₄ Fe [Fe (CM) ₆ ] - that is, 1.5 g in the morning and 1.5 g in the evening) in mixed feed or in feed pellets. At the same time, the content of radiocaesium in milk decreased by 89-90% compared with animals that received the same diet without AFCF. The meat of these experimental animals contained 78% less radiocaesium than control animals (Hoffmans P. (1987). Bayerishe Landesanstalt fur Tierzucht in Grub, near Munich, personal communication. Radioecological aspects of animal husbandry (consequences and countermeasures after the Chernobyl disaster) / R.G. Ilyazov, PM Aleksakhin, N. A. Kornsev, A. N. Sirotkin, etc. Under the general editorship of R. G. Ilyazov. - Gomel: Provide. - 1996. - 179 p.).

There is a method of removing cesium from sheep by feeding them, in addition to a diet contaminated with radionuclide, 1 g of AFCF per goal / day. The decrease in radiocaesium in meat was 87% compared with animals not receiving AFCF (W. Schlolaut (1987). Hessische Landesanstalt fur Tierzucht, New-Ulrichstein near Homberg (Ohm, personal communication). In calves and pigs, the decrease in radiocaesium in meat was 90% when 2 g of AFCF per animal per day is mixed with food (JRLindner. Baycrische Landesanstalt fur Ticrzucht, Grub near Munich, personal commynication, 1987. Radioecological aspects of animal husbandry (consequences and countermeasures after the Chernobyl disaster) / R.G. Ilyazov, PM Aleksakhin, N. A. Korneev, A. N. Sirotkin, etc. Under the general editorship of R. G. Ilyazov. - Gomel: Provide. - 199 6 .-- 179 p.).

A known method of excretion of animal radionuclides from the body using gsksatsianoferrat ammonia (AGCF). Dairy goats with milk yield of 1.5-2.5 L / day received twice a day silage and concentrates moistened with an aqueous solution of ¹³⁴ CsC1 (1 kBq). In control animals that did not receive AGCF, the transfer of radionuclide into milk amounted to 10-12% of the amount of radioactivity received in the body, and the addition of 30, 60 and 120 mg / kg AGCF to the diet allowed to reduce the transfer of radiocaesium to milk to 6.4 and 1.5 %, respectively (K. Hove, H. Staaland & O. Pedersen. 1988b. Effect of ammoniumhexacy - anoferrate an the accumulation of radiocesium in reindeer. Rangifer special issue. No. 2, 32).

It is known that the preparation of ferrocin is used for 49 days at a dose of 1, 3 and 6 g per head per day to fattening calves when they are kept on the diet with a radiocaesium contamination level of 3.4 to 7.4 kBq / day, which allowed to reduce the concentration of radionuclide in muscle tissue in 4.5-6.3 times compared with the control. An increase in the dose of the drug more than 3 g / day per head did not increase the effectiveness of reducing the concentration of radioactive cesium in the muscle tissue of fattening gobies (Radioecological aspects of animal husbandry (consequences and countermeasures after the Chernobyl disaster) / R.G. Ilyazov, PM Aleksakhin, N. A. Korneev , A.N. Sirotkin, etc. Under the general editorship of R.G. Ilyazov. - Gomel: Providing. - 1996. - 179 p.).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of excretion of cesium from cows by feeding these animals BIFEZH, a composite sorbent comprising 90% of crushed coniferous wood (fraction 0.5-5.0 mm) at a dose of 60 g / head and 10% ferrocin Fe ₄ [Fe (CN) ₆ ] ₃ at a dose of 3 g / head per day. The use of the drug reduced the release of radiocaesium with milk after 4 days 2-3 times, 7 days - 10-20 times. Increasing the dose to 60-120 g per head per day allowed to reduce the intake of radiocaesium in milk by 4-10 times (A.V. Vasiliev, E.G. Krasnova, N.N.Islamov and others. Evaluation of the effectiveness of ferrocine-containing drugs as a means of reducing the receipt of radiocaesium in livestock products. Abstracts of the All-Union Conference "Problems of liquidating the consequences of the Chernobyl accident in agricultural production - five years later: results, problems and prospects. Obninsk, 1991. V.1, p.145-146). The sorbent BIFEZH prevents the absorption of radiocaesium from feed by binding it in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as sorbing endogenously excreted radionuclide. However, the drug is multicomponent, which complicates the technology of its preparation, and the recommended doses are relatively large.

When creating the present invention, the task was to simplify the method of excretion of heavy metals and radionuclides from animals.

The technical result of the invention is the development of a relatively simple, technologically affordable method of removing heavy metals and radionuclides from the body of animals bred in areas contaminated with these components, expanding the raw material base for the production and use of enterosorbents.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by feeding animals with food an additional biopolymer of wood with a content of 1.5% dihydroquercetin to cows 10 ... 30 g per head per day, calves at a dose of 5 ... 10 g per head per day, piglets at a dose of 1 ... 5 g per head per day.

The raw materials for the production of dihydroquercetin are Siberian and Daurian larch. Compared to traditional sources of antioxidants - grapes, eucalyptus, Japanese sakura, rose petals, etc. - larch raw materials can several times reduce the cost of enterosorbent with the same quality. Among coniferous species in Russia, larch ranks first in terms of area and wood supply.

Dicvertin (R) ™, a medicinal product containing more than 90% dihydroquercetin, which is widely used in medicine, is produced from larch wood.

According to research and development, dihydroquercetin of 96-97% purity was first obtained (V.A. Khutoryansky, B. N. Bazhenov, M. Yu. Saibotalov, N. A. Tokavkina. Method for producing dihydroquercetin / RF Patent No. 2091076. Publ. . in BI 1997, No. 27). Later, after the introduction of the purification step by the method of semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, dihydroquercetin with a degree of purity of at least 99.5% was obtained (N.A. Tyukavkina, V.A. Khutoryansky, M.Yu. Saibotalov, B.N. Bazhenov. Means for of complex treatment of diseases "Dyvertin" and method for its production. / RF Patent No. 2088256. Published in BI 1997, No. 24).

High-purity dihydroquercetin isolated from Siberian larch wood is a white fine crystalline powder with a melting point of 220-222 ° C, highly soluble in acetone, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, very slightly soluble in water. The identity of samples of diquertsatin, isolated from Siberian larch wood and Daurian larch wood, has been proved (M. B. Plotnikov, N. A. Tyukavkina, T. M. Plotnikova. Medicines based on dikvertin. - Tomsk: Publishing House of Tomsk University , 2005 .-- 228 p.).

The present invention was developed on the basis of studying the enterosorption properties of a wood biopolymer, a finely dispersed free-flowing powder obtained after alcohol extraction, containing about 1.5% dihydroquercetin (DB-DQV) when feeding it to animals.

Example 1. Tests were conducted on 4 groups of large white breed pigs after weaning at the age of 60 days for 30 days: from January 14, 2005 to February 14, 2005 at the pig farm ONE VIZH "Klenovo-Chegodaevo" of the Moscow Region according to the scheme (tab. 1).

Table 1 Test design Groups n Experience Conditions 1 - control 10 OP * 2 - experienced 10 OR + 1 g DB-DKV ** per head per day 3 - experienced 10 OR + 5 g DB-DKV ** per head per day 4 - experienced 10 OR + 10 g DB-DKV ** per head per day Note.
*) OR - the main diet, which consisted of compound feed for weaned piglets in an average quantity of 1.4 kg / head / day for the experimental period; **) BD-DKV - biopolymer of wood with a content of 1.5% dihydroquercetin.

A wood biopolymer with a content of 1.5% DHQ was additionally crushed in a laboratory mill to a homogeneous loose mass, which was introduced into the feed in the feeder daily in accordance with the doses indicated in the experimental design.

During the experiment, the piglets in all groups ate completely mixed feed.

The inversion voltammetry method was used to determine the concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in water, feed, biopolymer, and feces of piglets (Table 2).

table 2 Intake and elimination with feces of heavy metals in piglets in the experiment with DB-DKV Heavy metals (elements) Groups of piglets 1 - control 2 - experienced 3 - experienced 4 - experienced On average for 3 experimental groups % to control WITH WATER Cadmium mg ns detected - - Lead mg 0,00066 - - Zinc mg 0.0176 - - Copper mg 0.0011 - - With feed Cadmium mg 1.38 - - Lead mg not found - - Zinc mg 1.17 - - Copper mg 3.67 - - With DB-DKV Cadmium mg - 0.00008 0,0004 0,0004 0,0002 - Lead mg - 0,0006 0.003 0.003 0.004 - Zinc mg - 0,0006 0.003 0.003 0.004 - Copper mg - not found - - Total diet Cadmium mg 1.38 1,38008 1,38004 1,38004 1,3802 100.01 Lead mg 0,00066 0.00012 0.00366 0.00366 0,00248 375.75 Zinc mg 1,1876 1,188 1,1906 1,1906 1,1897 100.17 Copper mg 3,671 3,671 3,671 3,671 3,671 100.0 Elimination with feces Cadmium mg not found. 0,045 0.11 0.013 0,042 > 100 Lead mg 0,031 0,064 0.48 0.019 0.187 603.2 Zinc mg 1,56 11.07 0.45 0,095 3.87 248.07 Copper mg 0.11 2.87 0.42 not found. 1.09 990.9

The data in table 2 indicate that DB-DHQ has sorption properties in relation to the studied trace elements, two of which are toxic and their concentration in feed and food products of the population is regulated by veterinary and sanitary standards.

Data on changes in live weight and daily average growth of piglets are shown in table 3.

Table 3 Dynamics of live weight and daily average growth of piglets Groups The number of goals., Including boars / pigs Live weight kg The gain for the period of experience, kg Daily average gain

at the beginning of the experiment

at the end of the experiment

in grams

% 1 control 10 (5/5) 16.4 ± 0.92 29.7 ± 1.02 13.3 ± 0.20 443 ± 10.28 one hundred 2 experienced 10 (5/5) 17.8 ± 0.61 34.0 ± 0.30 16.2 * ± 0.30 540 ± 10.28 121.8 3 experienced 10 (5/5) 16.5 ± 0.30 32.7 ± 0.82 16.2 * ± 0.30 540 ± 10.28 121.8 4 experienced 10 (5/5) 18.4 ± 0.71 32.5 ± 1.43 13.3 ± 0.71 443 ± 23.96 one hundred P <0.001.

For the period of the experiment, cases of diseases and digestive tract disorders in piglets of the control group, the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups were not observed. In the 4th group, when giving 10 g of wood biopolymer per head per day in piglets, 2 weeks after the start of the experiment, cases of digestive upset (diarrhea) were observed, which lasted for 1 week. After reducing the dose of DB-DHQ to 5 g per head per day, digestive disorders stopped. However, two pigs in this group continued to hurt until the end of the experiment and were exhausted. Giving BD-DKV in a dose of 1 ... 5 g per head per day was optimal.

In both groups, the average daily increase was 540 ± 10.28 g, which was higher by 97 g or 21.8% compared with the control group and was statistically significant at P <0.001.

In the 4th experimental group, on average, 10 goals, including patients, the average daily increase was 443 g - at the level of the control group. Based on eight goals (without two patients), the average daily gain was 470 g, which was 6.1% higher in relation to the control group.

Thus, giving a wood biopolymer containing 1.5% dihydroquercetin to weaned piglets at a dose of 1-5 g per head per day was effective and economically feasible.

Example 2. In 2005, on the farm of the Tula Research Institute of Agriculture (Tula region), an experiment was conducted on cows-analogues of black-motley breed to study the effect of feeding in the diet for two months of a wood biopolymer containing 1.5% dihydroquercetin on excretion from the body radionuclides Cs ¹³⁷ . In this case, the control group of cows (n = 10 animals) was on a normal diet, the first experimental (n = 10 animals) in addition to the main diet (hay + silage) received 10 g / head / day DB-DKV, the second experimental (n = 10 goals) in addition to the main diet received 30 g / goal. / day DB-DKV. The results of the experiment are presented in table 4.

Table 4 The effect of feeding cows a wood biopolymer with a content of 1.5% dihydroquercetin on the excretion of Cs ¹³⁷ radionuclide from their body The content of Cs ¹³⁷ , beckorely / kg Feed (hay + silage) 8.6 Stand out with milk: - control group 2,8 - experienced I <MDA ^*) - experienced II <MDA ^*) It stood out with feces: - control group 0.9 - experienced I 1.7 - experienced II 2,3 *) - MDA is the minimum detectable activity.

The best results compared with the control were obtained by supplementing the main diet of cows DB-DKV at a dose of 30 g / head / day.

Example 3. In experiments on calves of the milk growing period, conducted in the experimental farm of the Tula Research Institute of Agriculture (2005), the effect of feeding the calves a biopolymer of wood with a content of 1.5% dihydroquercetin on the excretion of heavy metals and radionuclides from the body was studied. Two dosages were used: 5 g and 10 g per head per day.

The results of the study showed that in case of pollution of the environment (feed) with lead, the optimal dose of DB-DQF to calves is 5 g per head per day, and with cadmium contamination, 10 g per head per day (Table 5). When the environment is contaminated with radionuclides, the optimal dose of DB-DQV to calves is 5 g per head per day (Table 6).

Data on the content of heavy metal calves in feed and feces are given in table 5, and on the content of radionuclides in table 6.

Table 5 The content of heavy metals in feed and feces of calves in the experiment Sample Name Content, mg / kg Cu Zn Pb Cd Bonfire hay 3.61 11.06 0.20 0.02 Annual grass silage (peas + oats) 1.70 5.28 0.26 0.012 Grain mix (wheat, peas, oats, barley) 3.46 19.24 0.23 0.01 Whole milk (combined) 0,083 7.41 0,039 0.05 Feces (control group) 1.13 8.51 0.19 0.008 Cal (experimental group) 5 g BD-DKV 2,53 19.72 0.43 0.015 % to control 223.8 231.7 226.3 187.5 Cal (experimental group) 10 g BD-DKV 1,60 13.23 0.30 0.17 % to control 141.6 155.5 157.9 2125.0

Table 6 The content of radionuclides in the feed and feces of calves in the experiment Sample Name Content, Bq / kg Cs ¹³⁷ Sr ⁹⁰ Bonfire hay <MDA 2 Annual grass silage (peas + oats) 3.4 20,2 Grain mix (wheat, peas, oats, barley) <MDA 0.8 Whole milk (combined) <MDA 8.5 Feces (control group) 0.9 4.1 Kal (experimental group) 4.7 8.7 5 g BD-DKV % to control 522.2 212.2 Cal (experimental group) 10 g BD-DKV 1.70 8.40 % to control 188.9 204.8

The inclusion of 5 g of DB-DHQ per head per day in calves increased the excretion of Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd by more than 2 times, while giving 10 g - an average of 1.5 times for Cu, Zn and Pb, and by Cd - more than 20 times.

When incorporated into the diet of DHQ-database in an amount of 5 - 10 g per head per day excretion of Sr ⁹⁰ in the feces was more than 2-fold higher than in the control. Excretion of Cs ¹³⁷ with feces when giving with a diet of 5 g of DB-DHQ exceeded control animals by more than 5 times, and when giving 10 g - almost 2 times.

There was no apparent advantage in calf gains during two months of feeding DB-DQV relative to control calves. The average daily gain during this period was, on average, over the months of the experiment, 503-550 g and 396-476 g, respectively, when feeding 5 and 10 g of DB-DKV and 480-563 g in the control. However, over the next three months of observation, after stopping giving the BD-DKV calves, the average daily increase in calves of the 1st group was 1200, 1016 and 1080 g, in the 2nd group - 1119, 993 and 1206 g, while in the control calves were slightly lower and amounted to 1132, 763 and 1167, respectively.

The use of a wood biopolymer with a content of 1.5% dihydroquercetin as a feed additive increases the viability of young animals, which positively affects its productivity.

The analysis of the prior art showed that there is a known method of excretion of radionuclides and heavy metals from animals, including giving the animals with feed an additional ingredient aimed at eliminating radionuclides and heavy metals from animals (RU 2028790, A 23K 1/16, 02.20.1995). This achieves the same technical result as in the claimed invention.

The difference is that a wood biopolymer, dihydroquercetin, is used as an ingredient, which is fed to animals in a dose: to cows 10 ... 30 g per head per day, calves - 5 ... 10 g per head per day, to piglets - 1 .. .5 g per head per day.

In addition, the opposed invention (RU 2028790, 02.20.1995) provides for the use of a complex feed mixture (rations) with the addition of chemicals, followed by additional technical processing of this mixture, which limits the possibility of using this mixture on different types and age groups of farm animals.

In the proposed invention, the wood biopolymer dihydroquercetin is a waste product of dihydroquercetin, the production method of which is described in the application (RU 2003120469; 02.20.2005). DB-DKV can be added to the diet of any composition for all types of farm animals without prior preparation. Moreover, the claimed method expands the arsenal of tools to remove heavy metals and radionuclides from the body of animals and at the same time ensures the environmental friendliness of dihydroquercetin production. The presence of 1.5% dihydroquercetin in the wood biopolymer allows you to normalize metabolic processes in the animal body and increase its resistance, which is especially important when breeding animals in the technogenic zones of the country.

The contrasted invention (RU 2003120469; 02.20.2005) is a composition of 1-3 vol.% Dihydroquercetin and a filler 99-97% arabinothalactan with radioprotective action, which is associated with the action of this drug as an antioxidant that prevents lipid peroxidation in the body.

In the proposed invention, DB-DHQ is a waste product of dihydroquercetin and a finished product for use in which the sorbent of heavy metals and radionuclides is a wood biopolymer, and the presence of dihydroquercetin at the level of 1.5% gives this agent antioxidant activity. Its application allows in technogenic zones to ensure the receipt of normative products and increase the viability of animals.

The above shows that between these compositions there are significant differences both in composition and in the specificity of their action.

The invention is applicable in animal husbandry, in particular, in the greening of the technology of growing young farm animals and the productive use of cows in technogenic areas of heavy metals and radionuclides in the country.

Claims (1)

A method for removing heavy metals and radionuclides from an animal’s body, including giving the animals with feed an additional enterosorbent - a wood biopolymer, characterized in that the animals are fed a wood biopolymer with a content of 1.5% dihydroquercetin in a dose: 10 to 30 g of cows per head per day , calves 5 ... 10 g per head per day, piglets 1 ... 5 g per head per day.