RU2296252C2 - Roller bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: roller bearing comprises inner, intermediate, and outer races provided with ways and rollers interposed between the races and set in the sockets of the separator. The rollers are two-step. The larger step of the roller of the bottom row is in a contact only with the way of the intermediate race and has two additional contacts with the bottom race. The larger step of the roller of the top row is in a contact with the way in the outer race. The smaller steps are in a contact with ways in the inner race of the bottom row and two sections of the intermediate race of the top row. The ring groove in the ways of the intermediate and bottom races defines a space together with the larger steps of the rollers of the top and bottom rows. The top row is provided with trapezoidal groove. The larger step of the rollers sets the intermediate race in rotation, which causes the rollers of the top row to rotate. The rollers of one of the rows are provided with coaxial openings that are shaped into a Laval nozzle at their exits and are threaded.

EFFECT: expanded functional capabilities.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and instrumentation and can be used in all industries.

Known rolling bearings containing inner and outer rings with raceways placed between them rolling elements made in the form of rollers installed in the seats of the separator.

One of the disadvantages of the known standard bearings is the low speed, the presence of rolling friction with slipping of the rolling elements, increased noise and low durability, as a result, the presence of sliding friction, high heating temperature + 100 ° C and more.

Low durability of rolling bearings due to increased sliding of the rolling elements and by inertia after emergency braking of the shaft.

Two-tier bearings with spherical and cylindrical rollers are known. However, they are twice as low in frequency of rotation as bearings with short rollers, and also have low durability, increased noise and the presence of rolling friction with slipping of the rolling elements.

Known rolling bearing - prototype - the author’s patent (RU 2232926 C2, 7 F 16 C 19/22, publ. 07/20/2004, Fig. 13, total 21 s.) Containing the inner and outer rings with raceways placed between them body rolling elements made in the form of rollers installed in the nests of the separator, rolling elements — rollers made in two stages, a larger step diameter having one section only contacts the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing, and a smaller stage diameter made with two sections only contacts raceways of his inner th ring with a constant and uniform speed, wherein the bearing assembly must be satisfied a condition:

,

,

where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing;

D _wm1 is the diameter of the lower step of the roller;

D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing;

D _wm2 is the diameter of the larger stage of the roller, and at least one raceway of the inner ring of the bearing is made with at least one groove to form a gap with a large diameter of the stage of the roller, while the stage of the rolling body - the roller with a large diameter is made spherical or barrel-shaped, and the raceway of the outer ring of the bearing is made spherical, the rolling body - the roller consists of a single-stage cylindrical roller made in diameter of the lower stage of the roller, and the larger diameter of the stage of the roller is made ene in the form of a ring, the rolling elements - the rollers with the smaller diameter annular step formed with the groove in which the roller is a large degree.

The purpose of the invention:

- providing a higher speed of the bearing,

- noise reduction, for example, in the range from 20 to 40 dB;

- increased durability according to the criterion of wear of rolling elements, for example up to 5 years, in the presence of a lubricant film on the rolling elements;

- ensuring the supply of fuel, air, including the working medium - oxygen - T = -180 ° C, P = 30 kgf / cm ² , V from 7 ... 8 to 100 l / s, through the rolling elements - rollers, Without grease on bearing parts.

The goals and technical effect of the invention are achieved due to the fact that coaxial holes are made in the rolling bodies — rollers of one of the tiers, containing a Laval nozzle at the inlet and an internal, for example, multi-thread tape or flat swirl with a flow swirl, for example, 90 °.

Figure 1 shows the rolling bearing a radial roller single row two-tier with annular grooves on the raceways of the inner ring. The direction of perceived loads is radial.

Figure 2 shows a section AA, on which the arrows show the direction of rotation of the bearing rings, rolling elements in a two-tier bearing and the direction of rotation of the cage in the upper tier of the bearing with a pinched outer ring.

Figures 3 and 4 give an example of the execution of rolling bodies - rollers in the lower tier.

The rolling bearing consists of an outer ring 1, rolling elements 2 of the upper tier, cage 3, middle ring 4, rolling elements 5 of the lower tier, cage 6, lower ring 7 and contains two protective washers 8 in the upper tier.

The rollers 2 are made of a two-stage type, with the smaller stage being cylindrical and contacting only the raceway of the ring 4 in line. The large stage of the roller 2 is barrel-shaped and is in contact only with the raceway of the outer ring 1 with a contact patch at a point. The raceway of the ring 1 is made spherical. The middle ring 4 contains an annular groove in the area of the larger stage of the roller 2, two sections of a cylindrical type and contain two sections of a spherical type, on which two protective washers 8 are installed.

The rollers 5 in the lower tier are made in two stages. The large stage of the roller is made spherical and contacts at a point with the raceway of the ring 4 made along the radius, while the large stage of the roller 5 has two additional point contacts with the lower ring 7. Two cylindrical sections of the lower stage of the roller 5 are in contact only with the lower raceway rings 7.

On the outer surface of the ring 7, an annular groove of the trapezoidal type and two sections of the cylindrical type are made, along which the rollers 5 of the lower stage are rolled, and a separator 6 is installed on the outside, in which the rollers 5 are evenly mounted.

In this case, the assembly condition for the lower tier of the bearing must be fulfilled:

,

,

where d _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring;

D _wm3 is the diameter of the lower step of the lower tier roller;

D _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the lower tier;

D _wm4 is the diameter of the larger step of the lower tier roller.

It should be noted that the annular grooves on the raceways of the middle 4 and lower ring 7 form a gap with large steps of the rollers of the upper and lower tiers.

In this case, the assembly condition should be satisfied for the upper tier:

,

,

where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the upper tier;

D _wm1 is the diameter of the lower stage roller of the upper tier;

D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring;

D _wm2 - the diameter of the larger step of the roller of the upper tier.

In this case, Const of the upper tier and Const * of the lower tier may be equal.

In order to reduce the dimensions of the bearing Const> Const *, as 9.666 (6)> 6.666 (6) *. The rolling bearing (see Fig. 1) works as follows: when the shaft rotates, the ring 7 rotates, the rolling bodies 5 with their smaller steps D _{wm3 are} rolled in only along the raceway d _{2m of the} inner ring 7. Large steps D _{wm4 of the} rollers 5 are rolled along the raceway outer ring of the lower tier D _2m non-slip.

The rotation of the rolling elements 5 along the raceways of the lower tier takes place at a constant and equal speed without slipping. Here we meet with a paradox!

When the rotation of the ring 7 (see figure 2), the rollers 5 transmit the rotation of the ring 4, the latter starts to rotate in the opposite direction and makes as many revolutions as the ring 7, the peripheral speeds of the rollers 5 are equal. In this case, the separator 6 is stopped, stationary. Rollers 5 roll around their own axis, and ring 4 rotates like a flywheel. The rollers 2 are rotated in the opposite direction with respect to the rollers 5 and carry away the separator 3, since the ring 1 is pinched.

It is known that when superimposed in vibrational frequencies, noise cancels out. In this case, ring 7 and ring 4 rotate at the same speed - rotate in opposite directions, and rolling bodies 5 with respect to rolling bodies 2 rotate at different speeds (Const> Const *) of rotation, but in opposite directions (see Fig. 2).

We get a noise reduction of up to 20 ... 40 dB (in standard bearings this value reaches from 80 to 120 dB).

With a sharp braking of the shaft, ring 7 is braked and its speed can be “0” - the rollers 5 and 2 by inertia continue to be run in without sliding along the raceways of the upper and lower tier rings, and ring 4 rotates like a flywheel, but with a damping speed.

It is known that the gear ratio in the lower tier from ring 7 to ring 4 with a stationary separator is -1

The gear ratios in the upper tier from the ring 4 to the separator 3 with the stationary ring 1 are equal to two

.

.

What are the advantages of a stopped separator in the lower tier when the rolling bodies - rollers 5 rotate around their own axis. It is known that when fuel (for example, on NK-93 engines) is required to be supplied through the clearance of rolling bearings.

In order to use the rollers 5 as pumps in them (see Figs. 3, 4), a coaxial hole is made in which a Laval nozzle 9 and, for example, an internal multi-thread tape 10 or a flat swirler 11, for example, with 90 °.

These swirls or threads allow the use of a rolling bearing as a pump, dispersant (mixer), pneumatic or hydraulic motor.

This became possible after the theory of rolling of the rolling bearing was resolved and it became available to carry out calculations on the frequency of rotation of all bearing elements, the calculation of flow rates, pressure, speed, resistances at high efficiency and the absence of slippage during silent operation.

The absence of sliding in the rolling bearing made it possible to use it when pumping or supplying aggressive liquids, oxygen and hydrogen at T = -180 ° C, P = 30 kgf / cm ² , V from 7 ... 8 l / s.

In this case, the coating - silver (from 0.002 to 0.004 mm) acts as a lubricant in the bearing. The lack of sliding cannot cause heat and sparks, which increases the reliability of the proposed rolling bearing.

However, in standard bearings, heating of the rolling elements from slippage and even the presence of a spark is always possible, so steel 95X18 does not save.

Figures 5 and 6 show an example of a three-tier rolling bearing, in which the second and third tiers operate with stationary cages, the latter are connected by disks 15, and rings 4 and 7 work as flywheels.

However, it should be noted that the separator 6 is stopped theoretically, and in practice it will rotate due to an insignificant difference in the rolling friction coefficients in the contact zones of the higher roller stages with respect to the contact zones of the lower roller stages. To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to introduce a locking device, if necessary. The stopper on the separator 6 may be absent, if it does not affect the rolling process.

The goal was to rebuild the inertia of thinking.

The proposed two-tier rolling bearing allows:

- provide a higher speed;

- eliminate slippage and wear of rolling elements during sudden braking of the drive shaft;

- increase durability by the criterion of wear of rolling elements in general from 5 to 10 years;

- reduce noise in a running bearing, for example, up to 20 ... 40 dB;

- use one or two tiers (in a three-tier) in the bearing as a pump when supplying air or fuel through the rolling bodies, as well as when pumping the working medium, use the bearing as a pneumatic or hydraulic drive, the bearing can also be used as a mixer, for example, drawing up paints;

- increase reliability when pumping aggressive media like liquid oxygen, hydrogen, acid, liquid nitrogen, etc .;

- to ensure the accuracy of the calculations for flow, pressure, speed, pressure loss during pumping of working fluids, as well as when calculating the speed and power of a pneumatic and hydraulic motor, turbodrill, etc .;

- provide a separator stop;

- ensure victory over sliding friction, eliminate wear, metal heating, accident rate, shorten repair cycles;

- to provide independent rotation of two bearing rings without slipping of the rolling elements when pinching the outer or inner bearing ring.

Single row or double row two-level rolling bearings can find application:

- in paper machines;

- in metal-cutting, grinding, boring machines;

- in the wheel bearings of cars, buses, trolleybuses (it will become much quieter in the city);

- as thrust bearings on ICE crankshafts;

- in the shaft supports of propellers on tankers, liners, submarines;

- as supports for turboprop engines of aircraft, helicopters;

- as supports in the railway transport;

- as pumps and as pneumatic or hydraulic motors.

Claims (1)

The rolling bearing is a radial roller two-tier, for example, single-row, containing inner, middle and outer rings with raceways, rolling bodies placed between them, made in the form of rollers and installed in the seats of the separator, while the rolling bodies - rollers are made in two stages, a large step of the lower tier roller having one section, contacts only with the raceway of the middle ring, a large step of the roller of the upper tier contacts only with the raceway of the outer ring, and smaller steps, ennye with two portions are in contact only with the raceways of the inner ring of the lower tier and only two middle portions of the upper tier of the ring at a constant and equal rate of rotation for each of the tiers, the assembly must be done for the condition of the lower bearing tiers:

where d _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the bearing; D _wm3 is the diameter of the lower step of the lower tier roller; D _2m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring of the lower tier; D _wm4 - the diameter of the larger step of the roller of the lower tier, the large step of the lower tier roller has two additional point contacts with the lower ring, the annular groove on the raceways of the middle and lower rings forms a gap with the large steps of the rollers of the upper and lower tiers, and the trapezoidal type groove is made in the lower tier, the rolling bodies rotate in the lower tier runs at a constant and equal speed, the large step of the rollers indicates rotation to the middle ring, the latter drives the rollers of the upper tier to rotate with a constant and identical pilots at rotation for a given tier, the bearing assembly must be carried out for the upper tier condition:

where d _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the inner ring of the upper tier; D _wm1 is the diameter of the lower stage roller of the upper tier; D _1m is the diameter of the raceway of the outer ring; D _wm2 - the diameter of the larger step of the roller of the upper tier, and at least one raceway of the inner and middle rings of the bearing is made with at least one groove to form a gap with a larger step of the roller in each of the tiers, and a large step of the rolling body of the roller is made spherical or barrel-shaped, while the track the outer ring race is made spherical, and the lower tier raceway is made in radius in the contact zone with a larger roller stage, characterized in that coaxial holes are made in the rolling bodies - rollers of one of the tiers, containing at the inlet there is a Laval nozzle and an internal, for example, multi-start tape thread or a flat swirl with a flow swirl, for example, by 90 °.

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