RU2295878C1 - Continuous line for producing of fish flour - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: production of feed products, in particular, fish flour.

SUBSTANCE: continuous line has feeding hopper, fish grinder, thermal processing device using thorough boiling process, press for separating dense mass of raw material from fluid phase, said parts of continuous line being arranged in processing succession and connected with one another through interoperational conveyors. Separated dense mass of raw material and fluid phase are accumulated in drying extruder and settling separation reservoir, respectively. Continuous line is further provided with food additive dosing device for dosed adding thereof into dried pulp and grinder which grinds ready product before it is packaged into container. Lower part of settling separation reservoir is communicating through pumping plant with drying extruder inlet end. Working screw of thermal processing device is combined with stirrer whose longitudinal blades are fixed on stepped reducer of shaft. Ready product grinder is supplemented with dispersion cyclone closed from the bottom by means of gate and equipped with feeding pneumatic conveyor for dried product.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of continuous line and increased yield of commercial product.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of cooking food by cooking, in particular fishmeal.

The level of this technical field is characterized by an automatic line for preparing minced fish mounted on marine trawlers described in patent RU 2084186, A 23 L 1/235, 1997, which contains fish grinders installed in the technological sequence and connected by tubular conveyors, between which a dispenser is installed food additives above the screw mixer, a press separator of dense mass from the liquid phase and the device for packaging the finished product.

The disadvantages of the described device are determined by an autonomous, for a long time, fishery, with a marine remote location of production, in which a frozen semi-finished product is compelled to be prepared to preserve the catch, therefore, the processing of frozen raw materials is carried out in a cryochamber, without heat treatment. In this case, useful components (water-soluble nitrogenous substances, vitamins, mineral elements, fish oil) of the liquid phase, which are poured overboard into the sea, are not utilized.

The noted disadvantages are eliminated in the automatic line for cooking fishmeal in accordance with patent RU 2173532, A 23 L 1/326, 2001, which contains a receiving hopper, fish chopper, heat treatment device with by boiling, the press separates the dense mass of raw materials from the fluid phase, which are accumulated in the separation tank and dryer, respectively, the dispenser of the food additive in the dried pulp and grinder Vågå product before packaging.

In the known device, the crushed and boiled feed is squeezed in a press, where the pulp is separated from the prepress broth, from which fat is removed by separation.

Rich in useful elements, the fat-free prepress broth is enriched with metered enzymes and is additionally introduced into the press obtained by pressing, which are then hydrolyzed in the mixer with constant stirring.

At the end of hydrolysis, a cultivator of biological origin is added to the fish mass enriched with easily assimilated nitrogenous substances.

Then the hydrolyzed fish mass is fed to the extruder for drying, where the process of inactivation of the enzyme takes place at the same time, after which the grinding is finished in the mill and the finished product is packaged in a container.

Drying in an extruder is characterized by the dynamism of the process, and the resulting fish meal has an increased nutritional value, is easily digestible and is resistant to oxidative processes, which improves its consumer properties.

However, the disadvantage of the known automatic line is the unsatisfactory efficiency of processing the source of fish raw materials due to the large loss (up to 20%) of the dense fraction, which is contained in the prepress fluid phase, separated in a settling tank, from where it is disposed of.

Moreover, the return of the broth for processing requires additional technological energy and time for evaporation of moisture in the dryer to the required consistency of the finished product.

The problem to which the present invention is directed, is to increase the productivity of the device, that is, increase the yield of finished products by reducing waste.

The required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known production line for producing fish meal containing a fish grinder, a heat treatment device with a boil, a press for separating a dense mass of raw materials from a fluid phase, which are accumulated in a settling tank and a drying extruder respectively, the dispenser of the food additive in the dried pulp and grinder, according to the invention, the lower part of the tank settling separator and by means of a pump installation, it is connected with the input of the drying extruder, the working screw of the heat treatment device is combined with a tedder, the longitudinal blades of which are fixed on a stepwise lowering of the shaft, and the grinder of the finished product is supplemented by a dispersing cyclone, a shutter closed from the bottom and equipped with a pneumatic conveying conveyor of the dried product, with the extruder equipped with an exhaust fan, the outlet of which is equipped with an ejection irrigation chamber transported through a duct Ves fish product, and the agitator blade rotated about the axis of the screw shaft to the output from the heat treatment apparatus.

Distinctive features provided an increase in the yield of finished products while improving its consumer properties.

A new quality of the proposed design lies in the fact that a noticeable part of the dense mass of raw materials is returned to the fish processing cycle, to the drying apparatus, after its gravitational separation in the form of sludge in a settling separator, which is mixed with the bulk of the product and goes through all technological processes together. operations.

The combination in the heat treatment device on one shaft of the working screw and agitator blades allows to reduce the time of destructive heat treatment of raw materials, providing directly in one device the dispersion of the fish cooked on the screw by mixing in the chamber with simultaneous slow cooling.

In a small passage section of the chamber in the auger zone, the raw material heats up at elevated pressure and boils, and then, when the auger shaft step is lowered, the gap increases significantly and there is practically no pressure on the longitudinal blades, which, when radially agitated, is supplied longitudinally and is slowly cooled, while maintaining nutritious quality, and is crushed to a suspension form of a dense mass in structural moisture, freely separated in subsequent pressing with little effort.

In addition to the mill grinding of the product dried in the extruder, the use of a cyclone as a dispersant equipped with pneumatic conveying is expedient and economical, because in this simple multifunctional device the finishing operations of product processing are carried out during its transportation to the dosed packaging.

From one drive, the product is lifted by pneumatic transport to a predetermined height for gravitational dosed unloading into a package, its additional grinding into flour by friction and turbulence during tangential feeding into rotation in a cyclone, combined with the separation of fish dust and moist air into a disposal tank. This fine dispersion is aimed at improving the quality of the finished product, which is stable during storage, which increases its consumer value.

A slide gate at the bottom of the cyclone locks the adjacent packing bag to fill it.

Equipping the dryer with an exhaust fan allows you to remove excess moisture in the form of steam containing small fragments of the structural components of the processed product, which improves the quality of more dynamic drying. Ejection humidification from the irrigation chamber with the technological suspension of fish product particles being diluted ensures its dilution before being fed to the settling tank to facilitate fractionation.

Therefore, each essential feature is necessary, and their combination is sufficient to achieve a novelty of quality that is not inherent in the signs of disunity, that is, the problem posed in the invention is solved not by the sum of the effects, but by the super-effect of the sum of the attributes.

A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the identified analogues of the prior art, from which the invention does not explicitly follow for a food specialist, showed that it is not known, and taking into account the possibility of industrial production of a production line for obtaining fish meal allows us to conclude that the patentability criteria are met .

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where schematically shows:

figure 1 is a flow diagram of a production line;

figure 2 is a sectional view of a heat treatment device.

The proposed production line includes those installed in the technological sequence: fish grinder 1, heat treatment device 2, press 3 separating the dense mass from the liquid phase, extruder 4 drying, capacity 5 for receiving flour with a magnetic screen 6, feeder 7 for dosed feeding the food additive into the dryer, mill 8, communicating via pneumatic transport 9 with a cyclone 10.

The production line is equipped with a technological capacity 11 of the sludge squeezed out on the screw press 3 of the liquid phase, in which there is a structural separation in layers of fat on top, the broth and the dense mass of fish product in the form of sludge below.

The listed equipment is connected by automatic means of inter-operational transportation of processed raw materials without discontinuities of the process flow into a single automatic complex.

In front of the grinder 1, a receiving hopper 12 is installed, communicating by means of a screw elevator 13 with the input of the grinder 1, the output of which, in turn, is connected by a transporting elevator 14 of the loading of the heat treatment device 2.

The heat treatment device 2 is a screw extruder (FIG. 2), on the shaft 15 of which the feed screw 16 and longitudinal blades 17 are successively mounted, inclined at an angle of 20 degrees to the exit of the extruder 2 relative to the longitudinal axis. The blades 17 are installed on the step of underestimating the diameter of the shaft 15, forming a relatively large chamber 18 for mixing the semi-finished fish, despite the fact that the through working channel 19 above the screw 16 is selected to be minimal.

The latter circumstance is determined by the need for a rapid rise in the temperature of the extruded screw 16 during longitudinal pushing with the pressure of the raw material along the extruder 2, ensuring its boiling.

In the expanding chamber 18, the pressure drops sharply and the semi-finished product with radial mixing by the blades 17 is fragmented and actively cooled.

The output of the extruder 2 is connected to the inlet of the press 3, where the dense mass of the fish product transferred to the drying apparatus 4 is squeezed out from the fluid phase, which flows into the funnel of the pump 20, which transfers it to the sludge tank 11. In the tank 11 there is a separation of the liquid phase, its layerwise separation of the fractions into sludge, broth and fat.

The tank 11 in the lower part by means of a pump installation 21 for transferring sludge from a fish product is in communication with the input of the drying extruder 4.

An air duct 22 is adjacent to the drying extruder 4 from above, on which an ejection irrigation chamber 23 is mounted, mounted in front of the suction fan 24 connected to the upper part of the sludge tank 11.

At the outlet of the drying apparatus 4, a receiving tank 5 for a fish dryer (coarse flour) is installed, equipped with a permanent magnet 6, which serves as a trap for metal particles that may be in the product.

Above the container 5, there is a feeder 7 of a dimensional supply of a food additive, in particular an ionol antioxidant, to the dryer.

Mill 5 is adjoined by mill 8, combined with pneumatic transport 9 of cyclone 10.

The cyclone 10 is equipped with a slide gate valve 25 gateway unloading of the finished product and a capacity 26 of waste disposal.

The production line works as follows.

The fish is loaded into the hopper 12, from where it is fed by a screw conveyor 13 to the chopper 1.

From the grinder 1 chopped raw materials are continuously fed by a conveyor 14 to the device 2 for heat treatment.

The screw 16 of the shaft 15 in the device 2, the crushed raw material is compressed and heated during longitudinal feeding along the peripheral working technological gap 19 into the chamber 18, where it is boiled, radially mixed by the blades 17.

A small bore of the working channel 19 above the screw 16 prevents the device 2 from overflowing. In a relatively large volume of the chamber 18, the longitudinal movement speed of the feed is automatically reduced, which ensures thorough mixing of the cooked feed.

From the heat treatment device 2, the boiled mass enters the press 3, where the liquid phase is separated from the dense mass of fish in the form of a pulp, which is longitudinally fed to the exit. The broth containing fish oil and dense fragments of fish, pump 20 is pumped into the tank 11 sludge.

The pressed pulp enters the drying extruder 4, where, slowly moving along and mixing, it is dried to a given consistency. Wet air from the volume of the apparatus 4 is forcibly sucked out by the fan 24 and is pumped through the duct 22 into the container 11 to separate the contained structural components in the process suspension, in particular small fractions of the fish product. When the flow removed from the apparatus flows through the duct 22 from the chamber 23, moisture is ejected, irrigating and diluting the transported suspension.

In the tank 11 of the sludge, the broth is divided in density from bottom to top: sludge from dense fish fragments, then clarified broth and fat from above. Pump installation 21 slurry is pumped into the extruder 4 drying, where it is mixed with the main flow of pulp coming from the press 3. The fat from the tank 11 by gravity is discharged into the storage tank, transferred for processing into technical fat in accordance with GOST 1304-76.

The clarified broth is pumped into the sewer or disposal tank.

The drying of the pulp in the apparatus 4 is volumetric through stationary and movable convectors (not shown).

From the extruder 4, fish meal in the form of a dryer is poured into a container 5, where it vibrates, passing through a magnetic screen 6. In a container 5, the dryer is mixed with an antioxidant, which is dosed from feeder 7.

Next, in the mill installation 8, the dryer is crushed and pneumatic transport 9 is fed into the cyclone 10.

In cyclone 10, the separation of flour from the conveying air and the mass separation of moisture and fish dust occur, which are tangentially emitted into the disposal tank 26. Fish flour is additionally rubbed on the walls of the cyclone 10 and gravitationally settles, accumulating on its gate 25.

From cyclone 10, the flour is locked and dosed in a dosed bag, which is sewn with a manual machine.

Forced selection of technological suspension from apparatus 4 significantly reduced energy consumption for drying fish semi-finished products and the process as a whole.

Additional extraction of fish raw materials from the sludge of the liquid phase after pressing sent to the main process stream increased the productivity of the installation, at the same time, the pressure on the press tool was reduced and the problem of recycling production waste, which is an environmentally friendly clarified fish broth, was practically solved.

The production line is an aggregated autonomous complex designed for waste-free production of fodder flour in accordance with GOST 2116-82 from fish waste and low-value fish species in medium-tonnage vessels of the fishing fleet and small coastal enterprises.

Claims (3)

1. The production line of fishmeal, containing installed in the technological sequence connected by interoperational conveyors, a receiving hopper, a fish grinder, a heat treatment device with boiling, a press for separating the dense mass of raw materials from the fluid phase, which are accumulated in the drying extruder and sedimentation separation tanks, respectively, a dispenser food additives in dried pulp and grinder of the finished product before packaging in containers, characterized in that the lower part of the tank settling separation after The pumping unit communicates with the input of the drying extruder, the working screw of the heat treatment device is combined with a tedder, the longitudinal blades of which are fixed on a stepwise understatement of the shaft, and the grinder of the finished product is supplemented with a dispersing cyclone, a shutter shutter closed from the bottom and equipped with a supply pneumatic conveying of the dried product. 2. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the drying extruder is equipped with an exhaust fan, at the inlet of which there is an ejection irrigation chamber for the technological suspension of the fish product transported through the duct. 3. The production line according to claim 1, characterized in that the agitator blades are rotated relative to the axis of the screw shaft to the exit of the heat treatment device.

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