RU2293824C1 - Light-weight framed laminated wall made of differing materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building structures, particularly adapted to erect outer, inner walls and partition walls in heated and cold buildings and building structures.

SUBSTANCE: light-weight wall consists of two opposite longitudinal wall members connected with each other by longitudinal tie members so that cavities are created in-between. Opposite longitudinal wall members are made of inserted and/or attached and/or curtain and/or stitched-on solid or interrupted components grouped in rows. Support posts are located between the components. Support posts arranged in different rows are solid or interrupted. Longitudinal tie members arranged in different rows are also solid or interrupted and define bearing wall frame along with support posts. Opposite longitudinal wall member components are fastened to wall frame sides. All wall components have rectangular, circular, semicircular or ribbed solid or interrupted cross-sections.

EFFECT: increased efficiency.

9 cl, 104 dwg

Description

The frame lightweight packet wall of various materials relates to building structures and is intended for the construction of external, internal walls and partitions in heated and unheated buildings and structures. It can be used in buildings and structures with a limited service life, followed by complete or partial disassembly.

As an analogue of the invention, the closest Vlasov AS system is considered from all available lightweight walls. "Lightweight masonry." The analogue is two opposite longitudinal walls in half of the brick, interconnected by transverse partitions in half of the brick, which together form wells. The design of the analogue is described in the textbook "Technology of stone and installation works" I.I.Ischenko, M .: Higher school, 1980, pp. 61-63. The longitudinal and transverse walls of the analog are made of small-sized materials, such as silicate, clay, ceramic bricks on mortars, therefore, in the longitudinal and transverse walls there are many horizontal and vertical through seams, perceiving bending moments from the plane of the longitudinal walls from the effects of bulk and monolithic materials, which are filled wells, therefore, the strength of the longitudinal walls depends on the strength of the joints, on the quality of the mortar and masonry. Analog walls require large labor costs for masonry and plaster. The disadvantage of the analogue is that for walls of 1 brick and partitions of 1/2 brick can not be used. At the same time, they are widely used for all the disadvantages of masonry, which include a large bulk density, so the loads from partitions on floor slabs and walls on foundations are maximum, which leads to increased floor slabs, as well as an increase in the volume of work and materials on the device of foundations. Significant disadvantages for such structures are the large sound and thermal conductivity. Adhering the ends to the outer walls, they quickly cool. Since there are many of them, a large heat loss occurs, therefore, to maintain the required temperature, a large amount of calories is spent on heating the heat carriers, while the heat from the combustion of energy carriers is then released into the atmosphere, causing great damage to it. Another significant drawback is the manufacture, for example, of silicate brick, when a large amount of energy and water is consumed, while it is necessary to crush, extinguish, grind the limestone, which causes great damage to the environment due to dust and heat emissions into the atmosphere after heat and moisture treatment. There is a need for 1 m ³ walls to reduce the volume of products and materials with heat-moisture treatment. Walls and partitions inside buildings, especially residential and public ones, must be plastered in the majority in a wet labor-intensive way, with high manual labor costs during construction and repair work. There are many other shortcomings, but the most important is the high cost of energy - the basis of economic efficiency. Similar disadvantages are inherent in walls and from other materials.

The essence of the invention is expressed in the fact that for a quick-erected and economical enclosing wall structure, two opposite walls with rows of side elements are made, where support-resistant elements are located between the walls, interconnected by longitudinal longitudinal elements, together forming a supporting frame, which is a column of support-resistant elements, located in rows vertically one above the other, working in compression. Therefore, they are made of concrete, stone, wood, metal and other materials with the necessary strength of a rectangular solid, hollow, composite, rod cross-section, rectangular, rectangular with gaps and other geometric shapes. Pillars are interconnected by connecting longitudinal elements resting on them and passing loads on the foundations through them. Binding longitudinal elements work on bending and compression, depending on the size of the acting loads, therefore they are made of concrete, wood, metal and other materials with the necessary strengths of rectangular, round, semicircular, solid, hollow, ribbed, rod cross-section, rectangular, rectangular with clearance and other geometric shapes. Side elements are attached to the frame elements from the sides, plug-in and attached, working in compression and bending together with longitudinal longitudinal bonds, and are made of concrete, wood, metal and other materials with the necessary strength of a rectangular solid, hollow, ribbed, composite rod cross-section, rectangular, rectangular with a clearance and other geometric shapes, as well as side elements mounted and sewn, which perceive mainly loads from its own weight, therefore it is made of concrete, de eva, metal, ceramic, plastic, glass, plastics, rubber, gypsum fiber board, hardboard and many other materials of any cross-section of any geometrical shape and strength. At the same time, the hollow elements and the wall cavity formed by the elements are filled with loose, monolithic materials, as well as inserts made of concrete, stone, miniplates and many others, and may also be without filling. Elements made as cylinders are filled with liquids, including water and gases, including air, while being made of metal, rubber and other materials with similar properties. The pillars in such a wall are based on freestanding foundations or on tape, depending on the distance between them and the existing loads. The fastening of the elements in the places of mutual adjacency is carried out depending on the materials of their manufacture, for example, for concrete and stone in mortar with quarters, grooves and without them, for concrete and stone in mortar with quarters, grooves and without them, for greater strength with reinforcing outlets anchor bolts; for wood on felling, dowels, as well as using other fasteners; for metal on welding and fasteners (including brackets, bolts); for rubber, plastic, glass, plastic, GVL, chipboard and many others with glue and fasteners. In this case, depending on the mutual fastening of the elements, the structure can be disassembled, and side elements can be removed. The dimensions of the elements, cross sections, geometric shapes are determined depending on the strength of the materials, the location in the structure, architectural and artistic requirements, the choice of the method of work, the mechanisms used, and can also be unified. Elements in rows are made of one and the same material, for example, concrete, wood and others, and may be of different, such as support-resistant elements in columns of concrete, stone, metal, connecting longitudinal elements of metal, concrete, wood, side elements made of wood, ceramic, plastic, etc. If necessary, rigidly coupled support-bearing with side elements, longitudinal longitudinal with side elements, support-resistant with connecting longitudinal elements, forming blocks, are performed. To strengthen the structure, metal rods are installed in the posts and cavities. In such walls, rows in opposite and longitudinal walls are made of separate elements or blocks of the same material with the same shape or on different, for example, in one and the other longitudinal wall in rows of concrete or in one of concrete, in another longitudinal wall continuous of monolithic concrete, stones and other materials, if necessary simultaneously with support elements, and in another longitudinal wall there are rows of blocks or separate composite connecting longitudinal and side elements. As the impact of loads decreases, the cross sections of the elements and the wall thickness decrease with a step. The front surfaces of the side elements and blocks are decorated with reliefs and barillefs with ornaments and other images, they are faced with a variety of materials with a variety of geometric and spatial shapes, painted with a different gamut of dyes at the manufacturing enterprises. Depending on the quality of the finish of the front surfaces of the side elements and blocks in the outer and inner walls, the construction and repair work during the decoration is reduced to the jointing and grouting of the joints.

Ten drawings with graphic images of a frame lightweight packet wall of various materials are attached to the description. In Fig.1 a fragment of the facade indicating the main sections. In Fig.2 a transverse section (along A-A) with the relative position of the support elements 1, the connecting longitudinal elements 2, side elements 3.3 (a, b), 3 (c) of the foundations 4. In Fig.3 a transverse section (along B-B) between the support elements 1 with the mutual arrangement of the connecting longitudinal elements 2, side elements 3, 3 (a, b), 3 (c) and the liners 5. In Fig. 4 a longitudinal section (along BB) of the mutual arrangement of the support columns elements 1, connecting longitudinal elements 2, foundations 4 of inserts 5. In Fig. 5, a section (along G-D) in plan with the relative position of the elements tov 1 and elements 2 on the foundations 4 and elements 3 (a, b). In Fig.6 elements 2 laid on the foundations 4, Fig.7 section of this element 2 (OO). On Fig view (on DD) in plan with the mutual arrangement of elements 2 and 3 (a, b). In Fig. 9, element 2 is from the first row. Figure 10 is a section of this element (PP). Figure 11 is a top view of the element 3 (a, b) of a composite section from products a and b. In Fig.12, the view of this element 3 (a, b) (according to PP), Fig.13 is a sectional view of this element 3 (a, b) (in CC). On Fig section (along EE) in plan with the mutual arrangement of elements 1, 3, inserts 5 in the 2nd row. On Fig top view of the element 3 of 2 rows. On Fig the view of this element 3 (on TT). On Fig section of this element 3 (on U-Y). On Fig top view of the liner 5 with one-sided void forming ribs. On Fig top view of the liners 5 with double-sided ribs. On Fig top view of the liners 5 with two-sided void forming ribs. On Fig side view of the liners 5 on the side (f-f). On Fig section (according to F) in the plan with the mutual arrangement of elements 2, 3, in the 2nd row and elements 3 of 3 rows with a ledge in the wall and elements 1 in the 3rd row. On Fig section (3-3) in plan along the seam between 3 and 4 rows with a mutual arrangement of elements 2, 3 in the 3rd row and elements 1 in the 4th row. In Fig.23 element 2 with a gap of 2 rows. On Fig section of this element 2 (XX). On Fig top view of the element 3 of 3 rows. On Fig view of this element 3 (on H-H). On Fig section of this element 3 (on Sh-Sh). In Fig. 28, a section (along II) in plan along the seam between 4 and 5 rows, which shows the relative position of the elements 2 and 3 elements in the 4th row. Fig. 29 is a top view (element 3 of 4 rows. Fig. 30 is a view of this element 3 (by Щ-Щ). Fig. 31 is a sectional view of this element 3 of 4 rows (by E-E). Fig. 32 shows section of a typical node with the mutual joining of elements 1, 2, 3 and item 6 of the release of reinforcing bars. In Fig.33 section of the node (in A ₂ -A ₂ ). In Fig. 34 section of the node (in B ₂ -B ₂ ). In Fig. 35 a section (along D ₂ -D ₂ ). In Fig. 36 a section along (B ₂ -B ₂ ). In Fig. 37 a section (along G ₂ -G ₂ ). In Fig. 38 a section (along K -K) in plan, with the relative position of the elements 1, 2, 3 from row 5. In Fig. 39, element 2 of row 5. In Fig. 40 a section of this element 2 (along E ₂ -E ₂ ). top view el element 3 of 5 rows (in Z ₂ -Z ₂ ). In Fig. 44, the attachment point of an element 3 of the 5th row to the element 2 on top. In Fig. 45 the attachment point of an element 3 of the 5th row to the element 2 on top. element 3 from row 5 to element 2 below. In Fig. 46, a section (in PP) in plan with the mutual arrangement of elements 1, 2, 3 (c) in row 6. In Fig. 47, element 2 of row 6. In Fig. 48 section of this element 2 (according to I ₂ -I ₂ ). On Fig section (according to M-M) in plan with the mutual arrangement of elements 1, 2, 3 in the 7th row. In Fig. 50, element 2 of 7 rows. On Fig cross-section of this element 2 (K ₂ -K ₂ ). In Fig. 52, a section (along H-H) in plan with the mutual arrangement of elements 1, 2, 3 in the 8th row. On Fig element 2 of 8 rows. On Fig cross section of the element 2 of 8 rows. On Fig element 3 of 8 rows. On Fig section of this element 3 (according to M ₂ -M ₂ ). On Fig section of a typical node docking elements 1, 2, 3. In Fig.58 element 1 of 8 rows. On Fig section of this element 1 (H ₂ -H ₂ ). On Fig shows the construction of a lightweight frame packet wall of various materials in a perspective view. On Fig top view of the block 1-3 rigidly paired support elements 1 and side elements 3, 11, anchor bolts. On Fig a view of the block 1-3 (A ₃ -A ₃ ). On Fig section section 1-3 (according to B ₃ -B ₃ ). On Fig the view of the block 1-3 (in B ₃ -B ₃ ). On Fig layout of blocks 1-3 in plan in 1 and 3 rows, where pos. 11 anchor bolts, item 12 metal rod, item 13 frame of metal rods. On Fig layout of blocks 1-3 in plan in 2 and 4 rows. On Fig layout in terms of elements 2 in rows. On Fig fragment of the facade of the wall of blocks 1-3 (G ₃ -G ₃ ). In Fig. 69 a cross section (along D ₃ -D ₃ ) of a wall of blocks 1-3. On Fig top view of the element 2 with a clearance. On Fig section of this element 2 (E ₃ -E ₃ ). On Fig section of this element 2 (by W ₃ -G ₃ ). On Fig top view of the docking unit between blocks 1-3 and elements 2, where item 11 anchor bolts, item 12 metal rods, item 14 clamping strap (plate). On Fig section (on Z ₃ -Z ₃ ) of the docking station. In Fig. 75, a block 1-2 of rigidly connected support columns 1 and longitudinal longitudinal elements 2 (side view). On Fig section section 1-2 (A ₄ -A ₄ ). On Fig longitudinal section of a wall of blocks 1-2. In Fig.78, the docking node with the fastening of blocks 1-2 between themselves using reinforcing outlets, pos.6 and reinforcing clamps pos.15. On Fig section (on B ₄ -B ₄ ) node docking blocks 1-2 between themselves. In Fig. 80 pos.15 reinforcing collar. On Fig pos.16 metal plate. On Fig block 2-3, in which the connecting longitudinal elements 2 and side elements 3 (side view), pos.6 reinforcing releases, pos.9 grooves, pos.10 spike are rigidly connected to each other. On Fig section of a block 2-3 of concrete (A ₅ -A ₅ ), pos.6 reinforcing release. On Fig section of a block 2-3 of a metal hollow position 9 groove, position 10 spike (A ₅ -A ₅ ) pos.6 reinforcing release. On Fig section section of a block 2-3 of wood (A ₅ -A ₅ ). On Fig section of a block 2-3 of thin-walled material (A ₅ -A ₅ ). On Fig sectional view of a block of core elements (A ₅ -A ₅ ). On Fig shows a fragment of the facade of the wall of blocks 2-3, indicating the main section along the column of support elements 1. In Fig. 89 a transverse section of the wall (B ₅ -B ₅ ) with the image of the relative position of the elements 1 and blocks 2-3 pos.6 reinforcing release. In Fig. 90, a cross-section of a wall with one continuous longitudinal wall of cast concrete, stones, it is possible to perform simultaneously with support elements 1 of the same material with rows of another longitudinal wall of blocks 2-3, item 17, a grid of metal rods. On Fig a view of the wall (A ₆ -A ₆ ), representing a fragment of the facade of the wall with the arrangement in the rows of the longitudinal wall of blocks 2-3 of various materials. In Fig.92 a section along (B ₆ -B ₆ ) in plan with the mutual arrangement of a solid wall, support elements, with rows of blocks in another wall. On Fig section (on B ₆ -B ₆ ) in plan, the same with blocks 2-3. In Fig. 94, Fig. 95, Fig. 96, Fig. 97 the same with blocks 2-3 of various materials. On Fig shows a fragment of the facade of the wall with rows in opposite walls of blocks of 2-3 elements 2 and 3, indicating the main sections. In Fig.99 a cross section (along A ₇ -A ₇ ) with the mutual arrangement of elements 1, 2, 3 and blocks 2-3, item 6 reinforcing release. In Fig. 100, a transverse section (along B ₇ -B ₇ ) between the support elements 1, which shows the relative position of the elements 2, 3 of blocks 2-3 and inserts 5, pos.6 reinforcing release. In Fig. 101, a section (along B ₇ -B ₇ ) in plan with a mutual arrangement in a row of elements 1, 3, blocks 2-3 and inserts 5. In Fig. 102, a section (along G ₇ -G ₇ ) in a plan with mutual the location in a row of blocks 2-3, inserts 5. In Fig. 103 a section (along D ₇ -D ₇ ) in plan with the mutual arrangement in a row of elements 1, 3, blocks 2-3, liners 5. In Fig.104 cross section junction and attachment to the elements 2 elements 3.

The possibility of implementing a frame lightweight packet wall of various materials is characterized by the fact that for this two opposite longitudinal walls are made with rows of side elements, a fragment of the facade of which is shown in Fig. 1 with sections. In Fig. 2, in cross section (along A-A), where in the rows the supporting longitudinal elements 2 are supported on the support elements 1, and side elements 3, 3 (a, b), 3 are mounted and fastened to them on the sides in the longitudinal walls (at). In this case, the whole structure is supported by foundations 4 with the connecting longitudinal element 2 laid on them. In Fig. 3, a transverse section (along BB), where in the rows between the supporting elements the abutment is carried out with the side elements 3, 3 attached to the connecting longitudinal elements 2 (a, b), 3 (c) on both sides. In this case, cavities are formed in which the inserts 5 are installed. In Fig. 4, a longitudinal section (along BB), where the support elements 1 in the rows are joined by the connecting longitudinal elements 2, forming a supporting frame, while the support elements 1 are installed in rows one above others vertically, forming columns, interconnected by connecting longitudinal elements. Pillars perceive loads and transfer them to the foundations. Depending on the distance between the posts and the load, the foundations are separate or strip. Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 4 shows that inserted in 1 row inserted composite concrete side elements 3 (a, b), in the 2 row attached concrete side elements 3, in the same row with a ledge, in 4 rows the same, in the 5th row mounted hollow metal or rubber side elements 3, in the 6th row sewn wooden composite side elements 3 (c), where (c) wooden products, in the 7th row mounted thin-walled side elements 3, in the 8th row mounted or sewn rod side elements 3. Such walls can be self-supporting and bearing, perceiving loads from crossings beats and transmitting them through the connecting longitudinal elements 2 to the pillars of the supporting elements 1. In Fig. 5, a section along (G-D) in the plan, where along the foundations 4 with the connecting longitudinal elements 2 laid along them, the supporting columns 1 and plug-in composite side elements 3 (a, b). In Fig.6 and 7, the connecting longitudinal elements 2 laid on the foundations 4. In Fig.8 section along (D-D) in the plan, where in the 1st row the connecting longitudinal elements 2 are laid on the support elements 1 and on the inserted composite side elements 3 (a, b). In figures 9 and 10, the connecting longitudinal element 2 of 1 row with a gap that reduces the cross-sectional area of the cold bridge. 11, 12 and 13, the side element 3 (a, b) is plug-in, integral with a shelf on top and a quarter bottom, which adjoins and fastens to the connecting longitudinal elements 2, laid in 1 row from above and along the foundations 4 from below. On Fig section (along EE) in the plan, where the support elements 1 in the 2nd row are installed on the elements 1 in the 2nd row and the elements 2 based on them in the 1st row. To the element 1 in the 2nd row adjoining and attached from 2 sides attached concrete ribbed side elements 3 in the 2nd row. In the cavity formed by the elements 1, 2, 3 in the 2nd row, void-forming inserts 5 are installed. In this case, voids are formed between the elements 3 and the inserts 5, which are monolithic or filled with bulk materials. In Fig. 15, 16, 17, a side element 3 of 2 rows with a console on top, on which it rests and fastens to element 1 (2 rows) and a quarter bottom, which rest and fasten to elements 2 and 3 (a, b) in 1 next to. In Figs. 18, 19 and 20, the hollow core inserts 5 reduce the cross-sectional area of the cold bridge, and depending on the material of their manufacture, strengthen the structure and reduce the thermal conductivity of the wall. In Fig. 2, a section (along FJ) along the upper edge of element 3 (2 rows) in the plan, where the support elements 1 in the 3 row are installed on elements 1 and the elements 2 based on them from 2 rows and the side elements 3 (3 row) elements 2 (2 rows) are also installed. On Fig section (3-3) along the seam between 3 and 4 rows in the plan, where the support elements 1 in the 4 row are installed on the elements 1 and the elements 2 based on them in the 3 row, and side elements 3 (4 rows) also installed on elements 2 (3 rows). In Fig.23, Fig.24 connecting longitudinal element 2 of 3 rows with a gap. In Fig.25, Fig.26, Fig.27 side element 3 from a row with a console on top, with which it rests and fastens to element 1 (3 rows) and a quarter to the bottom, with which it rests and fastens to elements 2 and 3 (2 rows ) In Fig. 28, a section (along II) along the upper edge of the element 3 in the 4th row, where the connecting longitudinal element 2 (4 rows) rests on the support element 1 (4 rows), and the connecting longitudinal element 2 of 4 rows is similar to element 2 from 3 rows with clearance. Side element 3 in 4 rows in Fig. 29, Fig. 30, Fig. 31 with a console on top that they lean and fasten to element 1 (4 rows) and a quarter to the bottom with which they lean and fasten to elements 2 and 3 (3 row). In Fig. 32, a typical assembly of joining elements from concrete is support-resistant 1, binders 2, side 3, item 6 reinforcing releases. In Fig. 33, a section along (A ₂ -A ₂ ) is performed by installing elements 2 with support and fastening according to elements 1, where reinforcing outlets of pos. 6 installed in element 1 are placed between elements 2 in the seam, after the seam is monolithic, and along it the element 1 of the overlying row is installed. Fig. 34 is a section (along B ₂ -B ₂ ), Fig. 35 is a section along (D ₂ -D ₂ ), where the elements 2 and 3 are attached adjacent to each other, for which purpose gaps are provided for the lower part of the element 3 in the quarter, and against they are installed in element 2 reinforcing bars with outlets pos.6, which when installing element 3 on element 2 go into the gaps and monolithic, with this fastening of element 3 with element 2, they jointly perceive the influence of bending moments. In Fig. 36, a section along (B ₂ -B ₂ ) in the plan, where side elements 3 are supported by the console with the console 1. At the same time, reinforcing starts of pos.6 are installed in the element 1, and grooves are provided in the element 3, which include reinforcing releases, pos.6 and monolithic. On Fig section along (G ₂ -G ₂ ) in plan in the place adjacent to the element 1 of the elements 3 are provided in the element 1 grooves, which fit (G-insulation, garnit gasket, etc.) In Fig.38 section (along K-K) in the plan, where side elements 3, which are hollow metal cylinders, are hung on the supporting posts 1 and the connecting longitudinal elements 1 and the connecting longitudinal elements 2 that rest on them. In Fig.39, Fig.40 shows a connecting longitudinal element 2 of metal corners, but may be from pipes and other types of rolled metal products, as well as reinforced concrete. In Fig. 41, Fig. 42, Fig. 43 side elements 3, which are hollow metal cylinders, as well as rubber and other materials with similar properties. They are intended for filling with liquids, including water and gases, including air, where pos. 7 and pos. 8 brackets on top and bottom for fastening element 3 to element 2, pos. 9 groove, pos. 10 studs for fixing the position of element 3. In Fig. 44 and Fig. 45, the attachment points of element 3 to element 2 on top and bottom. Fig. 46 is a section (along L-L) in the plan, where the support-resistant elements 1 and the longitudinal longitudinal connecting elements 1 and the longitudinal longitudinal connecting elements 2 resting on them in the 6th row, to which the sewn composite side elements 3 (c) are attached. Fig. 47 and Fig. 48 connecting the longitudinal element 2 of semicircular and flat wooden parts to which wooden products are sewn (boards, boards, etc.). Fig. 49 is a section (along M-M) in the plan, where the supporting posts elements 1 and connecting longitudinal longitudinal elements 2 based on them in the 7th row, onto which side, thin-walled elements 3 of type are sewn. In Fig.44 and Fig.45; Fig. 50 and Fig. 51 connecting longitudinal elements 2 of metal, ceramic, plastic, PVC and other materials in the form of corners, pipes and other profiles. On Fig section (along H-H) in the plan, where the support element 1 and the connecting longitudinal element 2 resting on them in the 8th row of rods on which side elements 3 of the rods are hung or sewn. On Fig and Fig, the connecting longitudinal element 2 of the rod is made of metal, wood, plastic, plastic and many other materials. In Fig.55 and Fig.56 side rod element 3 of various materials. On Fig node docking elements 1, 2, 3 of the rods. In Fig.58 and Fig.59 support-resistant rod element 1 of any material with the necessary strength. On Fig shows the construction of a lightweight frame packet wall of various materials in a perspective view. Moreover, depending on the loads and materials used, the dimensions of the cross sections of the elements and the wall thickness decrease with a step, which is ensured by its frame structure. In Fig.61, Fig.62, Fig.63 and Fig.64 support elements 1 and side elements 3 are rigidly interconnected in blocks 1-3, where item 11 anchor bolts. On Fig layout in terms of blocks 1-3 in 1 row with the butt ends of the formation of the cavities in which the metal rods are installed, pos.12, and in the cavity of the wall, pos.13 frame of metal rods, if the elements 2 with gaps, after this is filled with various materials (G-insulation made of expanded clay soft and other materials), as well as inserts 5. In Fig.66 layout in terms of blocks 1-3 in the 2nd row. On Fig layout in terms of connecting the longitudinal elements 2, based on the composite support elements 1 at the joints of blocks 1-3 of the first row and included in blocks 1-3 of the second row. Such a mutual arrangement of blocks 1-3 in the rows and elements 2 exclude the displacement of blocks 1-3 in relation to one another in a row and rows. Blocks 1-3 in the wall are joined so that they form pillars with cavities in which metal rods are installed, item 12, followed by filling with soft or loose materials. On Fig view (G ₃ -G ₃ ), which is a fragment of the facade of a lightweight frame wall of blocks 1-3. On Fig cross section (D ₃ -D ₃ ) with the mutual arrangement of blocks 1-3 in the rows of elements 2. In Fig, Fig, 71, Fig.72 connecting the longitudinal element 2 with a gap. In Fig. 73 and Fig. 74, the docking unit of blocks 1-3 with longitudinal connecting elements 2, where the installation of anchor bolts pos. 11 for dismountable walls, pos. 12, the installation of a metal rod, pos. 14 clamping plate. The cavities in the wall, formed by the cavities of blocks 1-3, located vertically in rows one above the other, are filled with loose, monolithic materials, as well as inserts 5. If necessary, frames pos. 13 are made of metal rods or mesh of various materials. On Fig, Fig, side view and section (A ₄ -A ₄ ) elements (1), rigidly connected with the connecting longitudinal elements 2, forming a block 1-2 with reinforcing outlets pos.6. On Fig a longitudinal section of a lightweight wall of blocks 1-2, where it is a column of vertically connected together. In Fig. 78 and Fig. 79, a section (along B ₄ -B ₄ ) of the docking assembly and fastening of the blocks 1-2 with the help of the reinforcement outlets of pos. 6, clamps of pos. 15, depicted in Fig. 80 as an elongated ring. For the fixed installation of blocks 1-2 in the part representing the support elements, a protrusion is provided from above, and a groove from the bottom, which includes the protrusion of the block 1-2 of the underlying row. After reconciling the block 1-2, the reinforcing releases of pos.6 are unbent and they are clamped with clamps of pos.15 with subsequent monolithic. The cavities formed in the wall are filled with inserts 5, and elements 3 are hung or sewn on the sides. In Fig. 81, the plate pos. 16 is made of metal and other durable materials, the blocks of which are 1-2 of wood, metal and other materials are fixed to each other with using bolts, screws, screws, nails. On Fig block 2-3 of the rigidly interconnected connecting longitudinal element 2, representing the console with grooves and side elements 3 with a groove, pos.6 reinforcing release on top of the consoles and bottom. On Fig cross section (A ₅ -A ₅ ) element 2-3 of concrete, pos.6 reinforcing release. In Fig. 84, a transverse section (along A ₅ -A ₅ ) of an element 2-3 of hollow metal, pos. 6 reinforcing releases, pos. 9 groove, pos. 10 studs for fixing the position of blocks 2-3. On Fig section (A ₅ -A ₅ ) of wood. On Fig section (along A ₅ -A ₅ ) of the thin-walled element 3 with the corner of the composite element 2. In Fig.8 section (along A ₅ -A ₅ ) of the rods.

On Fig fragment of the facade of the wall of blocks 2-3 with the main section. On Fig transverse section (according to B ₅ -B ₅ ), where the blocks 2-3 supported by consoles on the support elements 1 form between them a clearance P, reducing the cross-sectional area of the cold bridge in the wall. In Fig. 90, a cross section of a lightweight wall, where one wall is solid, made of cast concrete, stone and other materials. At the same time, support-resistant elements 1 are made of the same materials, and may be of others. Another longitudinal wall is made of blocks 2-3 or of composite individual elements 2 and elements 3 with various fastenings in the places of abutment on the support-resistant elements 1 and in the places where the elements 2 and 3 adjoin each other, item 17 metal mesh. On Fig a view of the wall (A ₆ -A ₆ ), which is a fragment of the facade of the wall with a wall of elements 3 and blocks 2-3. On Fig section (according to B ₆ -B ₆ ) in the plan, where one wall of monolithic material or stones is solid, the other in the rows of concrete blocks 2-3, elements 1 of any materials, item 17 metal mesh. On Fig section along (B ₆ -B ₆ ) in plan, where one wall is the same, the other of the concrete ribbed blocks 2-3. On Fig section (according to G ₆ -G ₆ ) in plan, where one wall is the same, the other is made of metal hollow blocks 2-3. On Fig section (in D ₆ -D ₆ ) in plan, where one wall is the same, the other is made of wood. On Fig section (on E ₆ -E ₆ ) in plan, where one wall is the same, the other is thin-walled of various materials. On Fig section along (G ₆ -G ₆ ) in plan, where one longitudinal wall is the same, the other from the rods of various materials. Both walls are erected simultaneously or separately. This wall can be used to strengthen existing walls and other structures, giving them an attractive architectural and artistic look. The cavities in this wall are filled with loose, monolithic materials, as well as inserts with a large volume of local ones. A solid wall of waterproof material, covered with waterproofing, protects the structure from water. On Fig fragment of the facade of the wall of blocks 2-3 and elements 1, 2, 3, indicating the main reserves. In Fig. 99, a cross section (along A ₇ -A ₇ ), where one longitudinal wall of concrete blocks 2-3, supported by consoles on support elements 1, form gaps P, pos. 6, reinforcing outlets in blocks 2-3 at the assembly of the consoles from the consoles into the grooves on top of the support elements 1 with monolithic. In Fig. 100, a transverse section (along B ₇ -B ₇ ) in the interval between the pillars of support elements 1, where one longitudinal wall with rows of blocks 2-3, the other of blocks 2-3 and individual elements 2, 3. When assembling blocks 2-3, supported by the lower part on the lower blocks 2-3, are fastened to each other in the adjoining reinforcing outlets pos.6 from the lower part in the grooves of the consoles of the blocks with monolithic. Elements 1, 2, 3 and blocks 2-3 form cavities and are filled with various materials and inserts 5. In Fig. 101, a section (along B ₇ -B ₇ ) in the plan, where blocks 2–3 of concrete are adjacent and attached to the elements in the row of the longitudinal wall on the one hand and elements 3 in the row of the longitudinal wall on the other hand, which are attached to the elements 2 of concrete in the row of the longitudinal wall on the other hand, which are attached to the elements 2 of concrete, wood, metal of composite cross section, and in cavities between the elements 1, 2, 3 and / or blocks 2-3 are installed liners 5 with a hollow with ribs made of concrete, expanded clay concrete and other materials and other materials. On Fig section (according to G ₇ -G ₇ ) in the plan, where the blocks 1 are adjacent blocks of 2-3 of concrete in a row of a longitudinal wall on the one hand and blocks 2-3 of hollow metal in a row of a longitudinal wall on the other. In the cavity between them and the elements 1, liners 5 of concrete, expanded clay concrete and other materials are installed. In Fig. 103, a section (along D ₇ -D ₇ ) in the plan, where blocks 2-3 of concrete in a row of a longitudinal wall on one side and elements 3 of various thin-walled materials in a row of a longitudinal wall on the other side are adjacent and attached to the elements 1 which adjoin and fasten to elements 2 from concrete, wood, metal of composite cross section. In Fig. 104, a cross-section of the abutment and fastening of the elements 2 of a composite cross-section of concrete with wooden corks, pos. 18 and elements 3 of any materials using various fasteners, if the elements 2 and 3 are mounted mutually for installation, then block 2- 3, if after, then a series in the longitudinal wall of the individual elements 1, 2, 3 in this sequence is performed. The technical result is the rapid construction of the wall, saving expensive construction products and materials, as well as energy. Savings are achieved by the fact that cavities are provided in the wall and the elements in it, which are filled with loose, monolithic materials, as well as inserts. Cavities in walls and partitions with elements of concrete, stone and other materials are filled with loose materials, such as sand, gravel, and monolithic, such as concrete, expanded clay concrete, as well as inserts of concrete, expanded clay and loose and soft materials, such as mineral wool and miniplates, packed in boxes or boxes, from various materials, possibly from waste. In the walls, for example, with elements of wood, the cavities are filled with loose materials, such as sawdust, shavings, synthetic and others. For inserts, logging and sawmill waste that has no more practical use, packed in boxes or bags of various materials and wooden crates with pre-treatment with antiseptic, anti-foam, cement or lime mortar, can be used, so the production of materials and products can be waste-free. As the impact of loads decreases, the cross sections of the elements and wall thickness may decrease with a step. The frame lightweight wall in relation to the brick due to the lower load allows the foundations to be smaller in volume, and the floor slabs on which the lightweight partitions are based cannot be reinforced with an additional consumption of materials. In such walls, the rows in the longitudinal wall on one side of the side elements or blocks are made of more durable materials, such as concrete, wood, metal, and in the rows of the other longitudinal wall of the side elements or blocks of less strong materials, such as plastic, plastics, GVL, DVP, rubber and many others. Side elements and blocks can be hollow, ribbed, thin-walled, therefore, from support-bearing and connecting longitudinal elements made of hollow or light materials, you can make a wall at the enterprise with 100% readiness, transport it to the object and install it in place with minimal labor. The absence of plaster in such walls eliminates the laborious work associated with the wet process at the facilities. With a decrease in building materials and products in the wall, local transportation decreases due to local ones. Lightweight frame wall gives a more significant effect of energy savings, both in the construction of buildings and structures, and during their operation. The share of saved materials and products, reduced to 1 m ² of silicate brick wall, is up to 50% and provides savings by eliminating the costs of crushing limestone, quenching, grinding in ball mills, pressing on presses, steaming in autoclaves, transportation. In addition, in the production of these works, when a low-cost artificial stone is made of natural stone at high cost, the total labor costs are significantly reduced due to their saving. It is also important that emissions of harmful aggressive substances and dust into the environment and waste heat, an accomplice of the greenhouse effect, into the atmosphere are simultaneously reduced. In buildings with such external walls, in which there are cavities filled with materials having lower thermal conductivity than in brick buildings, heat is saved during their operation, and therefore, energy carriers are saved. The same internal walls and partitions adjacent to the external walls, especially of solid brick, filled with soundproofing materials, prevent heat transfer from the inside to the outside. This also saves energy and heat in the premises. Large heat losses occur due to window sills for heating radiators, since the outer wall in this place is 12 cm thinner than necessary, therefore it is a powerful bridge of cold through which most of the heat from the heating radiators goes to the outside. In addition, in this place of the wall under the window, due to a sharp temperature difference in the winter, cracks form, which subsequently cannot be eliminated. These disadvantages are eliminated by the fact that heating radiators and pipe wiring are located in the inner frame lightweight walls and partitions, which is possible due to removable side elements and gaps and connecting longitudinal elements. All this eliminates the difficulties with painting behind the radiator, where dirt accumulates - a source of unsanitary conditions in the room. The same can be said of pipes. In the same way, it is possible to lay other pipelines and cabling in these walls. In the most brick walls, up to 50% are window openings in which jumpers are installed on top of the entire width of the wall. In lightweight frame walls, the connecting longitudinal elements in the window openings carry out the assignment of jumpers, and in the wall themselves they connect poles together. The total volume of connecting longitudinal elements corresponds to the total volume of jumpers in a brick wall of the same area due to the fact that the thickness of the frame lightweight wall is less due to heat-insulating materials in the cavities of the wall and elements, as well as due to gaps in the connecting longitudinal elements. In load-bearing frame lightweight walls, overlapping longitudinal slabs and other spans are supported by longitudinal longitudinal elements, therefore, they are selected based on the calculation of current loads. Pillars in load-bearing walls are more convenient to make of stones, since the connecting longitudinal elements can more accurately be erected under the mark of the overlap, and the cross section can be performed under the current load. Wall elements can be made of any size and weight, which allows you to perform work without expensive hoisting mechanisms. As a formwork for connecting longitudinal longitudinal elements 1 made of concrete, a formwork is suitable for squared and slab lintels, for supporting posts made of concrete, formwork of foundation wall blocks, for side elements made of concrete, formwork of foundation wall blocks, for side elements 3 (a, b), 3 of concrete formwork for wall panels and floor slabs with some additions, and only some require specially designed for them. Side elements 3, 3 (c) of wood, metal, thin-walled, core materials do not require special equipment, sophisticated equipment and a large number of energy carriers, therefore, they can be made as needed in remote places at the place of wall construction. In window openings of walls of any materials, instead of window blocks, lightweight frame walls are made of rod elements with glazed side elements that perform the purpose of the window. At the same time, side windows hinged and removable for maintenance creep into the side elements. In this case, heat losses through the porches of window frames are reduced, slopes and there is no need for window boxes and window sills. The frame lightweight wall made of various materials has great architectural and artistic possibilities, for example, the front surfaces of side elements and blocks in their manufacture at enterprises are executed with relief and bas-relief in the artistic sense, both for the external and internal front surfaces in the form of colored ceramics and glass and many other materials with the most diverse geometric and spatial shapes in the form of cornices and pylons. It is difficult to list all the possibilities of such a wall, therefore, in the application for the invention only a small part of an infinite number of options is given, which will be revealed later in the development of various options.

Claims (9)

1. A lightweight wall, consisting of two opposite longitudinal walls connected to each other with the formation of cavities between them by longitudinal connecting elements, in which the opposing longitudinal walls are made of continuous or with openings inserted and / or attached, and / or mounted, and / or sewn-in elements between which support-pillar elements are located, made in different rows continuous or with gaps, and connecting longitudinal elements are made in different rows solid or with gaps, and they are combined with a support-strut members form a supporting frame wall to which the elements are attached laterally opposing longitudinal walls, wherein the walls of all the elements in different rows are made rectangular, or circular, or semicircular, or ribbed, solid or hollow cross-section. 2. The lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the support-pillar elements are arranged in rows one above the other vertically and comprise pillars connected by interconnecting longitudinal elements. 3. The lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting-rack-type bonding longitudinal elements and elements of opposite longitudinal walls are interconnected using binders, reinforcing outlets, fasteners. 4. The lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavity of the wall is filled with bulk materials, monolithic materials and inserts, and the cavities of the elements of the opposing longitudinal walls are filled with liquids. 5. The lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that metal rods are installed in the posts and / or cavities of the wall to strengthen the structure. 6. The lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting posts and elements of the longitudinal walls or supporting posts and connecting longitudinal elements, or connecting longitudinal elements and elements of the longitudinal walls are combined in rigidly interconnected blocks. 7. Lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that with a decrease in the impact of loads, the wall is reduced in thickness and made with ledges. 8. The lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cavity of the wall and the cavities of the elements are liners of loose and soft materials in various packages of various materials. 9. The lightweight wall according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements of the opposing longitudinal walls at the junctions are removable and collapsible due to the presence of fasteners with brackets and bolts.

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