RU2292708C1 - Sunflower pollination method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, sunflower pollination processes.

SUBSTANCE: method involves sowing sunflower seeds simultaneously on all field plots, with seed sorts of different early ripening groups being used for sowing; sowing outer plots with sort of seeds having shortest growing period; sowing subsequent plots with sort of seeds having increased growing period; sowing central plot with sort of seeds having the most prolonged growing period, to thereby shift flowering phase by 8-10 days.

EFFECT: increased sunflower yield.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for the cultivation of sunflower seeds.

A known method of cultivating perennial grasses for seeds (see AS No. 1686716, A 01 C 1/00, 7/00, A 01 C 7/00), in which when laying a special seed crop rotation saturated with legumes and cereal grasses seeds, phytobiocenosis strips 10 m wide are sown every 100 m. They are sown with the SZT-3.6 three-seeder aggregate, a mixture of entomophilous cultures (sainfoin, clover, yellow alfalfa, fluffy vetch, etc.) is sown with an average seeder to create a constantly flowering grass conveyor and forage base pollinators. Half of the norm of cereal grasses (bonfire, wheat grass, fescue, wheatgrass) is sown with extreme seeders, creating virgin places in which pollinating insects must settle and accumulate.

The stripes during crop rotation in the crop rotation are not plowed, restored from self-shedding seeds, used for several rotation rotation, thereby creating natural conditions for wild bees, wasps and other insects to settle, and alfalfa seed plants will be located near natural pollinator nesting sites. The main disadvantages of the method are:

- removing 2/3 of arable land from active turnover during the entire period of use of this technology;

- use only on perennial herbs.

A close solution to the problem (prototype) is a method of pollination of alfalfa (see AS No. 1519537, A 01 H 1/02, A 01 6 25/00), which consists in a breakdown of the sown area into sections, the flowering phase on one of them they are shifted by 10-12 days relative to another by maintaining the pre-irrigation soil moisture at a level of 70-75% HB with a moisture depth of 0-40 cm in the first section, 0-70 cm in the second, 0-100 cm in the third

The disadvantage of this method is the limited use of it only in irrigated areas occupied by crops of perennial grasses.

The flowering phase of sunflower lasts 6-10 days. Therefore, on areas of 50 ha or more, pollinating insects do not have time to pollinate all the flowers. As a result, up to 20-30% of empty seeds are observed in such sunflower crops and baskets, which leads to a significant shortage of crops.

The closest solution to the problem (prototype) is a method of pollinating sunflower (see Patent No. 2253967 C2, A 01 H 1/02, A 01 B 79/02), which consists in dividing the sowing into sections of the first, second and third periods of fruiting with an offset flowering phases, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of sunflower seeds through the efficient operation of pollinating insects, sowing sunflower is produced in all areas of the field in one variety, but at different times, the first areas are sown for the first time, the second for the second and third for the second rock sow the central area, shifting the flowering phase by 5-8 days.

The disadvantage of this method is the sowing period stretched for 10-15 days.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of sunflower seeds by more efficient operation of pollinating insects. This goal is achieved by the fact that the sowing area is divided into sections of different fruiting periods, the flowering phase, which are shifted by 10-12 days relative to each other by sowing sunflower at one time varieties of different early maturity groups. The mismatch in time of the flowering periods of plants of different sites will ensure sequential saturation by insect pollinators of the first, then second and further third plots, which will increase the percentage of pollination and, as a result, the seed yield of individual plots and the whole array.

This method consists in sowing sunflower over the entire plot with varieties of three early ripening groups.

It is carried out as follows.

The field is divided into five sections, with four sections of the same area, and the fifth section is twice as large and will be located in the center. The extreme plots are sown with a ripening variety, the next two extreme plots are sown with an early ripening variety, and the central plot is sown with a mid-ripening variety. Thus, the flowering phase in each of the areas is shifted by 4-6 days relative to each other. Thus, due to sowing by varieties of different early maturity groups, the duration of flowering of sunflower increases by 8-12 days, which in total will be 12-18 days of flowering of the crop instead of the usual 7-10 days. This will allow the same number of pollinating insects with the same intensity of work to pollinate the maximum number of flowers, which will certainly affect the increase in the yield of sunflower seeds.

This method of pollination increases the total duration of flowering of sunflower. Consistently concentrates pollinating insects on flowering areas of the field. It increases the yield of sunflower seeds by extending the flowering period by 15-20%, which gives a yield increase of 1.5-2.0 c / ha.

Claims (1)

A method of pollinating sunflower, including dividing the sown area into sections of the first, second and third periods of fruiting with a shift in the flowering phases, characterized in that, in order to increase the yield of sunflower seeds through the efficient operation of pollinating insects, sowing sunflower is produced simultaneously in all varieties of the field with varieties of different early maturity groups, the extreme plots are sown with a variety with the shortest growing season, the next ones with the cultivar with an extended growing season and the central plot vayut grade with the longest period of vegetation, flowering phase shifting for 8-10 days.