RU2291680C1 - Method for restoring vertical axis of human body - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves carrying out visual examination of human locomotor apparatus to detect muscle carcass disorders. Body muscle activity is checked by controlling coordination, flexibility, exactness and skills in mastering the object. The person is taught walking. To do it, the testee does physical training exercises aimed at restoration of feet articulations and ligaments. The testee usually controls exercise accomplishment correctness and feelings arising during this process. The walking exercises are done and movements with pelvis position fixed. The training complex is done without shoes on, not less than 30 min every day until stable walking skills arise.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of treatment.

Description

The invention relates to medicine, namely to methods for restoring the biomechanical balance of the musculoskeletal system of a person by restoring the vertical axis of his body.

The invention can be used for the prevention of flat feet; strengthening and rehabilitation of the muscles of the pelvic floor after childbirth, for the prevention of male impotence; to restore muscle balance of weakened muscles; maintaining articular mobility by restoring the tone of the musculo-ligamentous apparatus.

The invention can also be used in sports medicine to restore the musculoskeletal system during the rehabilitation of athletes. In addition, the invention can find application in such a professional field as ballroom dancing, ballet, not only for rehabilitation, but also for improving professional skills.

It is known that the central vertical line passing through the center of gravity of the body passes through the talon-navicular joint of the foot, ankle joint, the inner part of the knee joint to the hip joint, then through the 3rd lumbar vertebra along the vertical part of the thoracic spine, then passes through 1 thoracic vertebra and occipital epicondyle. As a result, body weight is evenly distributed on the hip joints. In this case, the anteroposterior balance maintains an even distribution of weight along the center line. With this redistribution of weight, it is easy to vary the balance, since the entire spine and joints of the lower extremities are able to provide optimal vertical posture due to synchronous muscle tension.

In everyday life, the human body experiences significant compression. At the same time, efforts leading to a change in the axis of the body and its parts lead to changes in the tissues of the musculoskeletal system, various injuries and a steady decrease in muscle tone. The task of restoring the vertical axis of the human body is the main one in the correction of the musculoskeletal system, including the restoration of its muscular frame.

There is a method of restoring the vertical axis of the human body, which consists in first holding a relaxing foot massage, anterior surface of the lower leg, periosteal massage in the area of the tibial crest, then a relaxing massage with stretching of the calf muscle, after which mobilization in the Lysfaranka joint is carried out by pressure on the plantar region of the scaphoid , then conduct a tonic massage of the outer plantar surface of the foot and plantar surface, aimed at strengthening muscle o-ligamentous apparatus of the foot, in addition, when signs of displacement of the base of the sacrum are detected, appropriate exercises aimed at eliminating the revealed displacement are performed, in the presence of compensatory lateral deformation of the lumbar spine, exercises are performed to increase the strength of the lumbar-iliac muscle, opposite to the displacement of the sacrum, on the contralateral side carry out relaxation with stretching of the muscle, in the presence of beginning rotation of the vertebrae of the deformed part of the vertebral section, conduct an exercise increase in the strength of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen on the side of the concave part of the deformation arc and relaxation with stretching on the contralateral side (see RU 2222307 C2, 04/27/2004).

However, in the known method, the restoration of the vertical axis is carried out without including in the work of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain. There is no memory of the skill of the new movement and its fixing, which reduces the effectiveness of the method itself.

There is a method of restoring the vertical axis of the human body by analyzing the topography of the body as a whole using projection stereophotometry, identifying pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, followed by issuing recommendations aimed at restoring the vertical axis, including the use of orthopedic insoles-arch supports (see yar.fsir @ rambler.ru).

In the known method of restoring the vertical axis of the human body to form and consolidate in memory a new skill of movement, a sufficiently long period of time is needed to use an additional tool - arch support. In addition, the known method performs the restoration of the vertical axis without conscious inclusion in the work of the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain during the formation and consolidation of the memory of a new skill of movement, which reduces the effectiveness of the method itself.

The problem solved by the invention is to create a method of restoring the vertical axis of a person’s body, in which a person consciously forms a new skill of movement, correcting the vertical axis of his body and then securing it in memory.

The technical result is the ability to restore the vertical axis of the human body due to the conscious formation of his own new skill of movement and fixing it in memory. This is achieved by the fact that in the method of restoring the vertical axis of the human body, a visual inspection of the person is preliminarily carried out, deviations from the axis are detected, then the activity of the human muscular skeleton is checked by monitoring the person’s exercises for coordination, flexibility, accuracy, and possession of the object, and then by physical exercises teach a person new walking skills, for which the student first performs introductory exercises aimed at restoring the functions of joints and ligaments top, while the learner constantly monitors the correctness of the exercises, as well as the sensations that arise, after which the learner proceeds to perform the first exercise, which consists in performing forward movements in small steps, the initial position of the first exercise: heels together, toes apart, knees straight, the feet are deployed at an angle of 45 °, the arms are straight below, the head is straight, and when moving forward, the student strains the muscles of the thigh and lower legs, fixing attention to the inner arch of each foot, including the thumb, the center of the arch of the foot and the heel, when performing the backward movement, strains the muscles of the external part of the thigh and lower leg, fixing attention to the external arch of each foot, including the little finger, the center of the arch and the heel, after mastering the first exercise, the student performs the second exercise, including forward movement and back with an added step, when performing an additional step forward, the jogging foot moves from the thumb, when performing an additional step backwards - the foot is placed in the center, the guide being the little finger, after mastering In the second exercise, the student proceeds to perform the third exercise, which consists in performing the forward and backward movements in a learned step, while the starting position remains unchanged, while performing this exercise with each step movement, the student fixes the position of his body in equilibrium, when performing the fourth exercise, the learner fixes the position of the pelvis with the gluteal muscles and pulls the coccyx inward, then performs a forward-backward movement in an assimilated step while maintaining a fixed position of the pelvis, the student performs a set of exercises barefoot, every day for at least 30 minutes until the formation of a stable walking skill.

In the proposed method, the sequence of exercises goes from the foot up to the hip joint.

The method is as follows:

First, a visual examination of the position of the human body in a standing pose is carried out, during which its specific deviations from the classical vertical are determined. Particular attention is paid to the centers of the joints and the center of mass of the body. A functional analysis of a person’s standing position is carried out in accordance with a well-known technique (see V.I. Dubrovsky et al., "Biomechanics", Textbook for secondary and higher educational institutions, M., VLADOS-PRESS, 2004, p. .55-58).

Then they check the dynamics of the exercises, the accuracy of the performance through the word and through the display, and also determine the effect on the person of an external factor (getting used to the room, the presence of objects, lighting, sound background) and determine the person’s attitude to his "inept" movements. To do this, offer a person a series of exercises:

- retention of the gymnastic ring on the fingers of both hands;

- rotation of the ring around the palm, clockwise and counterclockwise;

- rotation of the ring vertically on the floor, managing to pass the circle itself.

A person is also offered to measure his movement relative to the rotation of the ring:

- throw a hoop over the back of a chair at a distance of at least 6 meters, while the throw is performed with both hands from the chest;

- sitting on a chair, hands up, hoop horizontally, throw the hoop up, hold your hands to yourself. The hoop should go down without touching the body.

When monitoring the exercises performed, special attention is paid to the setting of the feet (pronation / supination), which foot is more active, what is the angle of flexion in the knees with the main stance, the displacement of the pelvis relative to the center of the body, asymmetries in the body. This is necessary to test the ability to control movements through the brain.

In the proposed method, “hard training” in the form of commands is excluded and the learner’s body is smoothly displayed on its own, individual sound.

After which a person is taught new walking skills. First, they suggest that the student put his feet together and look in the mirror at his face, then turn the socks at a 45 ° angle. With each change in the position of his body, the learner is offered to control his sensations. As observations of students show, it is more stable to stand in the second position of the exercise, and the sensations arising from this are feelings of joy and desire to communicate. In the first position of the exercise - the person is closed in himself.

Then the learner is offered to go through his usual steps, checking the angle of bending at the knee, pulling up the legs, since from childhood a soundtrack is laid in the steps of a person: "Raise your legs." Next, the learner is offered to perform a new transition movement system - max legs through the vertical. The leg bends through the vertical as much as it needs to complete the transfer. This is the acquisition of a new skill of movement.

When performing exercises on the lower extremities, the legs are straight, the knees are pulled in due to the tension of the patellar muscle, which was not controlled by human consciousness when performing step movements. In normal practice, bending a joint is easier than straightening it. Thus, in accordance with the proposed method, when performing walking, muscles that were previously less involved are activated. This allows you to unload the tension of the "tired" muscles.

When learning new movement skills, the learner is asked to complete a series of exercises. Initial position:

legs - right on the support of the big toe, the heel is turned inward, to the left, the left one is in front at an angle of 45 °. The learner is offered to draw the right leg through the contact of the heels with the extension forward, deployed in the foot. Make a few sweeping movements of the foot back and forth, making sure that the leg passes and does not touch the floor. They suggest doing the same with the other leg. In case of insufficient mobility of the ankle joint, additional general developmental exercises are performed. After which the student begins to move forward in small steps, heels together, arms below, head straight, legs straight.

The trainee's attention is drawn to the inner wedge formed between the feet with a turning angle of 45 °. At such an angle of a turn of the feet, the general center of gravity of the body and the transverse axis of the hip joint lie in the same plane, the greatest degree of stability of the body when moving forward or backward is ensured. With this movement, the impulse begins - the heel, the arch, the thumb, the learner's attention is paid to the arch of the foot. When moving backward, the impulse begins - the little finger, the arch of the foot, the heel.

It is known that the vertical axis of the standard lower limb extends from the ilium through the middle of the patella and the second toe. In a standing position, the severity of the body is distributed evenly on both lower limbs.

In the proposed method, the direction of the vertical axis changes from the ilium, through the knee joint to the rook inner bone, The talus distributes evenly the load of the body weight through the calcaneus and metatarsal bones. The work is due to the internal muscles of the thigh, which are little involved in everyday movement practice.

As the tests of the method showed, the individual characteristics of the legs, including X-shaped and O-shaped legs, as a result of mastering a new walking skill, change their vertical axis. It is well known that the consistent involvement of muscles in the work and the exact coordination of their contractions when walking is provided by the central nervous system and, mainly, by the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. It is believed that walking is an automated, unconditioned reflex, which leads to the creation of rigid, stable stereotypes, leading to a loss of joint flexibility, and ultimately their mobility.

When placing the foot on a horizontal surface according to the established practice of walking, a person performs a step from the heel, receiving a blow to the lumbar region. In the proposed method, the foot is placed in the middle of the arch, which is formed at the intersection of two diagonal lines from the little finger to the heel, from the thumb to the heel. Two boat bones (internal and external) maintain the balance of the ankle joint. This allows you to provide soft cushioning of the arch of the foot and the activation of the transverse axes of the feet, which are responsible for the pelvic, knee, ankle joints.

When performing the established practice of walking, the ankle ligaments are relaxed, leading to a change in the setting of the foot. Most often, it is the foot that is in the hyperpronation position.

The proposed method restores the muscle frame of the lower extremities, which, ultimately, allows you to restore the vertical axis of a person. All foot disorders occur because there is insufficient redistribution of body weight.

The first control over their movements through the central nervous system occurs with the participation of the cerebral hemispheres. The right hemisphere controls logical thinking, and the left is responsible for the perception of artistic images. They are interconnected by the nerve fibers of the corpus callosum. The cerebral cortex forms the outer part of the hemispheres of the central consciousness, where thought processes take place, sensory stimuli are realized, and arbitrary control of movements is realized. In a normal person, the whole brain works. In a human beast-man type, only the cerebellum works. The “man” has a cortex, a subcortex, and the thalamic and hypothalamic zones begin to work, i.e. the midbrain works. The left hemisphere is responsible for reproduction, but if the perception is incorrect, then a person with a large amount of information will not be able to speak out correctly. The right hemisphere perceives the world. The only possibility of equal development when both hemispheres are equally developed.

When performing exercises, the nerve impulse coming from the brain most often weakens in the knees and elbows.

The brain acts by integrating the incoming information, choosing the right answer, and giving instructions to the corresponding part of the body, the body, what to do. Thus, the nervous system provides communication and coordination of interactions between all organs, as well as with the outside world. It is known that this system of interactions has a complex structure. It consists of a body that includes all organelles. This is the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. A nerve cell has an ending - dendrites, short nerve endings that collect all the information from the external and internal environment and direct it through their cells. Dendrite - translates as "dendros" - a tree. Like branches of a tree, they collect information and transfer cells to the body. From there, this nervous information, passing through the nucleus, through the body of the cell, passes along the axon of the next cell. Axon is the longest part of a nerve cell that transmits momentum. Its length is more than a meter. Axon ends with a synoptic ending. It produces a mediator that transfers excitation from one cell to another. That, in turn, takes nervous excitation to the dendrites, passes through the body and then through the axon, to the next cell. So, when connected, nerve cells can transmit information, for example, from the brain to the very bottom of the body.

The lack of information about the state of the motor apparatus at each moment of movement leads to the fact that the brain loses its ability to control, evaluate the nature of the movement and makes corrections at all stages of the motor act. And although efferent impulses come from the brain to the muscles and cause their contractions, this process is not controlled or regulated, since there is no feedback without which it is impossible to control motor acts and perform precise and smooth movements. It is also known that loss of sensitivity leads to a weakening of muscle tone.

Learning a new walking skill allows you to control with your consciousness the passage of the first impulse from the brain to the foot, due to which feedback is provided.

After mastering the first exercise, the student performs the second exercise, which includes moving forward and backward with an extra step. The starting position is the same.

The learner is offered to perform a step with a straight leg, unfolded foot. In this case, the learner performs repulsion from the thumb and, through the connection of the heel and the heel, stops in a static initial position. Walking movements are characterized by alternating activity of the legs with alternating repulsion and transfer of each leg. In theory, repulsion, as the basis of walking movements, is inextricably linked with preparation for it, therefore, in practice, the learner keeps his attention on the transition of the foot from the big toe, to the positioning of the slightly supine foot. The student learns with his eyes how far the right or left foot has left the axis of the longitudinal walking movement, behind the inertial moment of rocking the body along and across the axis, behind the direction of the foot from the heel through the arch of the foot to the thumb. During the exercise, an impulse is tracked that goes along the leg from the femoral head, while maintaining attention to the tension of the arch of the foot. In the reference period of the walking movement, depreciation is carried out. It begins with placing the foot on the support and consists in braking the movement of the body towards the support. An inferior movement occurs, the muscles stretch and reduce the speed of the body down. Towards the end of the depreciation, the vertical component of the velocity of the general center of mass (OCM) of the body drops to zero, and the lowering stops. The horizontal component of speed decreases during this time, the body does not stop, but continues to move forward slowly. Depreciation ends at the time of stopping the movement of the body's JMC down. To depreciate the step, the learner is offered to put the legs in the center of the arch of the foot. This achieves the ease and smoothness of all the elements of the step and the feeling of weightlessness of the body. Docking of the feet is made with the right and left legs when moving forward and similarly when moving back to back.

After mastering the second exercise, the student proceeds to perform the third exercise, which consists in performing forward and backward movements with a free step, while the initial position remains unchanged. With each step-by-step movement, the trainee fixes the position of his body between the feet, maintaining the two-position position for longer, otherwise the body will be either in front or behind. Since the general center of gravity moves with the movement of body mass, but to maintain equilibrium, its projection should not go beyond the support area.

It is known that the length of the usual step is 76-79 cm. In men, it is longer than in women. The step length when performing all the exercises of the proposed method will depend on how much the trainee can keep the body between the feet. It is also known that the motor system controls all the targeted movements of the body in the outside world. They are always accompanied by work and reactions of posture mechanisms, whether it is a preparation for movement or correction of a posture during movement. The close relationship between posture function and directional functions is a functional property of the motor system. Without control of the posture by the motor system, a person will fall helplessly to the ground. Therefore, the trainee’s holding the posture in which the body is in a state of equilibrium is an important fact that he realizes his vertical axis. When performing this stage, you should not rush, because this is the first “fitting” to its vertical.

In military practice, the drill step is used, where the leg is carried out by the sweep of the straight leg and hard lowering to the surface with a kick of the foot (type step). The civil step is characterized by the transfer of a leg bent at the knee with free lowering of the foot to the support. In the proposed method, the leg goes straight, but with a controlled setting of the foot on the support. When passing through the vertical position, the leg bends as much as it needs to complete the transfer.

After mastering the third exercise, the student proceeds to perform the fourth exercise, in which he first fixes the position of the pelvis with the gluteal muscles and pulling the coccyx inward. Then he performs a forward-backward movement with a new learned step while maintaining a fixed position of the pelvis.

Fixation of the pelvic part is as follows. The left hand rests on the stomach, the right back on the pelvic part. In this position, you can vary the position of the pelvis - forward, backward. The learner is offered to find the tailbone and mentally hold it in a forward-upward direction, to the navel. In this case, the gluteal muscles and muscles of the lower press, i.e. carried out "retraction of the abdomen" without the participation of the diaphragm. With this position of the pelvis, a free breath is provided. In addition, there is an innervation of the genitals, there is no abduction of the pelvis forward, backward, to the side and, therefore, the pelvic part is in a fixed position, acquiring the vertical axis of the lower extremities.

With such a fixed position of the pelvis, the student performs walking movements back and forth. The student performs the set of exercises barefoot, every day for at least 30 minutes until the formation of a stable walking skill.

As the studies showed, after a person has mastered a set of exercises in accordance with the proposed method, the tone of the muscular skeleton of the musculoskeletal system and the vertical axis are restored. Studies were conducted using the well-known instrument for the rapid diagnosis of the musculoskeletal system "Plantoscope", registration certificate No. FS 02012004 / 0340-04, OKP code 944280. The studies were carried out before and after the development of a new walking skill. In 70% of those trained in a new walking skill, a change in the vertical axis of the human body in the direction of its recovery was recorded. The experiment involved 100 people.

Claims (1)

A method of restoring the vertical axis of the human body, which consists in visual inspection of the musculoskeletal system of a person and revealing violations of his muscular frame, then checking the muscle activity of the human body by monitoring the coordination, flexibility, accuracy, and possession of the subject, which, by performing physical exercises, teach a person walking skills that adjust the vertical axis of his body and then fix it in his memory, for which the student performs introductory exercises aimed at restoring the functions of the joints and ligaments of the feet, during which the student constantly monitors the correctness of the exercises, as well as the sensations that arise, after which the student goes on to perform the first exercise, which consists in performing forward movement in small steps, the initial the position of the first exercise: heels together, socks apart, knees straight, feet deployed at an angle of 45 °, arms below straight, head straight, moreover, when moving in Before the learner strains the muscles of the thigh and lower leg, fixing attention to the inner arch of each foot, including the thumb, the center of the arch of the foot and the heel, while performing the backward movement, strains the muscles of the outer part of the thigh and lower leg, fixing attention to the outer arch of each foot, including the little finger, the center of the arch and the heel, after mastering the first exercise, the student performs the second exercise, which includes moving forward and backward with an additional step, when performing an additional step forward, the push leg makes a transition from the thumb, with completing the attached step backward - the foot is placed in the center, the little finger is guiding in this case, after mastering the second exercise, the student proceeds to perform the third exercise, which consists in performing forward and backward movement in the acquired step, while the starting position remains unchanged, with each step movement the student fixes the position of his body in a state of equilibrium, when performing the fourth exercise, the student first fixes the position of the pelvis by tension of the gluteal muscles and retraction of the coccyx inward, straining only the muscles of the abdomen of the lower press, and performs a forward-backward movement in an assimilated step with maintaining a fixed position of the pelvis, the student performs the set of exercises barefoot every day for at least 30 minutes until the formation of a stable walking skill.