RU2291526C2 - Shunt-powered mobile spike antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mobile high-frequency transceiving radio centers.

SUBSTANCE: proposed antenna that needs no rigorous requirements to lighting protection of its output circuits has ground-mounted base mechanically coupled with antenna metal pole and N operating curtains disposed along generating lines of different-height straight cones; top and bottom ends of antenna N operating curtains are electrically interconnected through top and bottom collecting rings, respectively; bottom collecting ring functions as first power supply point; bottom bend points of N operating curtains are geometrically connected on circumference through bases of their first (bottom) and second cones joined together; antenna metal pole and N operating curtains are fixed in vertical position by means of set of guys; secured to shackles of bottom collecting ring by means of clasps are bottom ends of N operating curtains whose top ends are clasped to upper-sleeve flange; additional top section of pole is mechanically joined with antenna metal pole; mounted on top of additional top section of pole is upper sleeve; mechanically clasped to flange of the latter are top ends of N additional antenna curtains forming antenna power shunt which are uniformly distributed about antenna metal mast; bottom ends of N additional antenna curtains are electrically and mechanically connected to bottom ring that functions as second antenna power supply point when electrically connected to antenna counterpoises; hinged to bottom part of additional top pole section are N taut struts made of insulating material; N antenna operating curtains are attached to taut strut ends which function as upper bend point of antenna operating curtains; these N operating curtains are uniformly passed downward from top of additional upper section of pole to bottom collecting ring along generating lines of three straight conjugate cones; base of third (top) cone is joined with upper plane of second truncated cone whose bottom base is joined with bottom base of first straight cone turned upside down; top ends of N additional curtains forming antenna power shunt are electrically interconnected through top collecting ring; antenna metal pole is telescopic structure incorporating hoist with load-safety friction brake built into lower section of antenna metal pole; N antenna operating curtains and N additional ones are made of high-strength harness ARMOS reinforced by concentric silver-plated copper braid which also functions as electricity conductor of antenna operating curtains and is covered on top with additional sheath of woven ARMOS thread; all antenna guys are made of ARMOS insulating harness.

EFFECT: reduced difference in traveling-wave factors within operating frequency band and enhanced reliability of antenna in service and in transit.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to radio engineering, namely to antenna technology, and is intended primarily for mobile (mobile) transceiver radio nodes of the decameter wavelength range (short-wave frequency range).

Known short-wave (KB) antennas for mobile transceiver radio nodes, providing a sufficiently high technological (fast deployment-deployment of the antenna) and strength (wind resistance, the number of deployment / deployment cycles before decommissioning, etc.) characteristics: "pin 10 m" ([1 ], p. 79), "Z-shaped" ([1], p. 86, p. 87).

However, these antennas in terms of electrical parameters are characterized by:

- a very narrow frequency range Δf, in which the antenna keeps its parameters constant: Δf = (0.005 ÷ 0.01) f _p , where f _p is the operating frequency;

- low value of gain (KU) in the range of operating frequencies (including along the earth), KU = (0.03 ÷ 0.05) [1];

- a significant range of changes in the active and reactive components of the input resistance:

- for the antenna “pin 10 m” - Ra = (2.0-1000) Ohm, Xa = (minus 2000 ÷ plus 200) Ohm;

- for "Z-shaped" antennas - Ra = (10-90) Ohm, Xa = (minus 1200 ÷ minus 50) Ohm;

which leads to the need to use expensive and complex antenna matching devices in which accurate measurement of the characteristics and matching of the antenna is ensured with a significant increase in tuning time [2].

Another disadvantage of this class of antennas is the need to use a complex lightning protection system, and the supporting masts of these antennas must be isolated from the ground, which leads to the need to use high-quality (mainly porcelain) insulators.

Antennas are known that provide fairly uniform values of electrical parameters in the short-wave (KB) frequency range (1.5-30) MHz (active and reactive components of the antenna input resistance, traveling wave coefficient — KBV) [3], [4] containing two or four metal plates of a triangular shape, made of mesh and placed around a metal mast, the upper corners of these plates are electrically connected to the top of the mast, the central conductor of the coaxial feed feeder is connected to the lower corners of these plates, and in eshny conductor (braided coaxial feeder) is connected to the base of the metal mast and the counterweight.

However, these antennas can be made only in the stationary version, since the characteristic dimensions of the metal plates during operation of the antennas in the lower part of the KB of the operating frequency range (1.5 ... 5) MHz are 32 ... 40 meters, [l = ( 0,16 ... 0,2) λ _max ], and the height of metal masts made of a solid metal pipe or in the form of a welded lattice structure should be h _m = 30 ... 32 meters (h _m = 0.16λ _max , λ _max = 200 m).

In this case, the KBV changes in the operating frequency range by 2.83 times, and in the lower part of the KB frequency range (below 5 MHz) the antenna performance [3] is not confirmed.

Closest to the technical nature of the invention is a short-wave mobile antenna containing an antenna base mechanically connected to an antenna mast of height h through a support insulator, N working antenna webs made of antenna wire and placed along the generatrix lines of two different-height straight cones paired with their bases, the upper and the lower ends N of the antenna working blades are mechanically connected to the top and bottom of the antenna mast, while the inflection points of the N working antenna blades are geometrical the ki are placed on the base circumference of two different-height straight cones, the upper and lower ends of the N working antenna sheets are electrically connected by the upper and lower collective rings, respectively, while the lower collective ring is the first antenna feed point, and the second antenna feed point is the electrically combined counterbalance ends, uniformly placed around the antenna, the mast in an upright position is held by guy wires from a steel cable, sectioned by insulators, and ending with adjustments With a lag laglin, the antenna mast is detachable and consisting of M elbows, with each mast elbow made in the form of a metal pipe and a dielectric tip with a groove providing mechanical connection between the mast elbows and electrically isolating one mast elbow from the other, mast mast using a winch and the locking mechanism ensures the deployment / folding of the antenna to the working position, the antenna mast, resting on the lower glass with earrings, the bottom of which is the upper base of the supporting end, the lower ends of the N antenna work blades are fastened to the earrings of the lower cup by the carabiners, the upper ends of which are fastened to the flange of the upper cup mounted on the top of the antenna mast, the guy wires are mechanically connected to the mast of the antenna and the mast of the elevator by means of a lapel containing the flange split, included in the groove of the dielectric tips of the knees of the mast and the third additional knee of the lift rack, and a double hook with an earring; counterweights are placed evenly around the base of the antenna and are made in the form of tracks (50-60) cm wide, woven from insulated wires with a length of (0.3-0.5) λ _max , where: λ _max is the maximum wavelength of the received (emitted) radio signal; the ends of all wires of the balances are electrically combined and are the second antenna power point [5].

However, this antenna is also characterized by a significant change in electrical parameters in the operating frequency range, especially in the low-frequency (1.5 ... 6) MHz part of the KB range (KBV of this antenna changes from a value of 0.005 at a frequency of 1.5 MHz to a value equal to 0.53 at a frequency of 4 MHz, which leads to a change in the ratio (spread) of the maximum value of the IPM to the minimum equal to 106). Other significant disadvantages of this class of antennas are:

- the need for a complex multi-stage lightning protection system (arresters, inductionless resistors, high voltage capacitors, etc.);

- low reliability of a bulky support insulator (usually made of porcelain and designed for significant loads) and working antenna canvases made of copper rope.

The problem to which the invention is directed is to reduce the dispersion of the electrical parameters of the antenna in the operating frequency range, reduce the requirements for the lightning protection system of the output circuits, and increase the reliability of the antenna during its transportation and operation.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a known antenna containing an antenna base located on the ground mechanically connected to a metal antenna mast, N antenna working blades placed along the generatrix lines of different-height straight cones, the upper and lower ends of the N working antenna blades are electrically combined by the upper and lower collective rings, respectively, the lower collective ring is the first power point connected to the central conductor of the coaxial power cable, concent The power cable’s conductor (braid) is connected to the ends of the counterweights evenly spaced around the antenna, the lower inflection points of the N antenna work blades are geometrically evenly located on the circumference of the first (lower) cone and the second cone mated with their bases, the antenna’s metal mast in vertical position and N workers the canvases of the antenna in the working position are fixed by a system of guy wires, each of which ends with an adjusting lag, to the earrings of the lower collective ring with carabiners attached the ends N of the antenna work blades, the upper ends of which are fastened to the flange of the upper cup with carabiners, an additional upper mast section is inserted, mechanically connected to the metal antenna mast, the upper cup is fixed to the top of the additional upper mast section, to the flange of which the upper ends of the uniformly distributed around the metal antenna mast N additional antenna sheets forming the antenna power shunt and passing from top to bottom along the additional upper mast section and the antenna’s metal mast, the lower ends of the N additional antenna sheets are electrically and mechanically connected to the additional lower ring, which, when it is electrically connected to the antenna counterweights, is the second antenna feed point, N spacers made of dielectric are attached to the lower part of the additional upper mast section, to the ends of which, which are the upper inflection point of the antenna working blades, N antenna working blades are mechanically attached, N antenna working blades extend from top to bottom the vertices of the additional upper mast section to the lower collective ring and are evenly distributed along the generators of three straight conjugate cones, while the base of the third (upper) cone is conjugated with the upper plane of the second truncated cone, the lower base of which is conjugated with the lower base of the first straight cone, turned upside down, the upper the ends N of the additional antenna webs forming the antenna power shunt are electrically connected to the upper collective ring, the metal antenna mast is made on a telescopic winch with a load-safe friction brake built into the lower section of the antenna’s metal mast, N working antenna sheets and N additional antenna sheets forming the antenna power shunt are made of high-strength armos concentric copper-silver braided braid [6], [7] , [8], [9], while the silver braid is an electrical conductor of working and additional antenna sheets and is covered on top with an additional shell of “ARMOS” braided yarn, all the guy wires are made enes of a dielectric (non-conductive) harness "ARMOS".

A comparative analysis of the claimed solution shows that the subject of the invention is characterized by the fact that an additional upper mast section is inserted, mechanically connected to the antenna’s metal mast, an upper glass is fixed on the top of the additional upper mast section, to the flange of which the upper ends of the antenna are evenly distributed around the metal mast N additional antenna webs forming the antenna power shunt and passing from top to bottom along the additional upper mast section and m of the antenna mast, the lower ends of the N additional antenna sheets are electrically and mechanically connected to the additional lower ring, which, when it is connected electrically to the antenna counterweights, is the second antenna feed point, N brackets made of dielectric are attached to the hinges of the upper mast section, the ends of which, which are the upper inflection point of the antenna working blades, are mechanically attached N antenna working blades, N antenna working blades extend from top to bottom the tires of the additional upper mast section to the lower collective ring and are evenly distributed along the generators of three straight conjugated cones, while the base of the third (upper) cone is conjugated with the upper plane of the second truncated cone, the lower base of which is conjugated with the lower base of the first straight cone, turned upside down, the upper the ends N of the additional antenna webs forming the antenna power shunt are electrically connected to the upper collective ring, the metal antenna mast is made an electric winch with a load-safe friction brake built into the lower section of the antenna antenna’s metal mast, N working antenna sheets and N additional antenna sheets forming the antenna power shunt are made of a high-strength armos concentric copper-silver braid with a braid, while the silver braid is an electrical conductor working and additional cloths of the antenna and on top is covered with an additional shell of braided threads "ARMOS", all the guy wires are made of dielectric -parameter (non-conductive) harness "ARMOS".

Figure 1 presents a diagram of a whip mobile antenna with shunt power (ASHMS); figure 2 is an additional upper section of the mast; figure 3 - the upper collective ring, fastening workers and additional paintings on top of the additional upper section of the mast and connecting the paintings to the upper collective ring; figure 4 - the lower part of the additional upper section of the mast; on figa - lower collective ring, on figb - additional lower ring. The AChMSh contains an antenna base 1 placed on the ground, a metal mast 2, N working antenna sheets 3, an upper collective ring 4, a lower collective ring 5, balances 6, guy wires 7, an additional upper section of the mast 8, an additional lower ring 9, an upper glass 10, carabiners 11, additional webs 12, hinges 13, spacers 14, a guide for additional webs 15, insulating supports 16, earrings 17.

The antenna is installed by calculation of 4 people as follows. The additional upper section of the mast 8, interlocked with the upper glass 10 and by means of hinges 13 with spacers 14, is equipped with working sheets 3 and additional sheets 12, connecting their upper ends electrically to the upper collecting ring 4 and securing them with carabiners 11 for the holes of the flange of the upper glass 10.

Additional canvases 12 are passed into the holes of the guide 15 and the additional upper section of the mast 8 is fixed on top of the metal mast 2, mounted on the base 1 and fixed in an upright position using the first tier of guy wires 7. Three people from the calculation, having sorted guy wires 7, diverge to places their attachment to the ground. The fourth person from the calculation, rotating the handle of the winch built into the lower section of the telescopic metal mast of the antenna 2, sequentially raises the second and subsequent sections of the mast of the antenna 2. When each section of the metal mast of the antenna 2 is fully extended, its position is fixed by guy wires 3 using the adjustment lags. After the deployment of the metal mast of the antenna 2 is completed, an additional lower ring 9 is installed on the base 1, to which counterweights 6 are connected and a lower collective ring 5 is installed through the insulating supports 16. With the carbines 11, the lower ends of the additional canvases 12 are mechanically fixed to the earrings 17 of the additional lower ring 9. The lower the ends of the working blades of the antenna 3 are mechanically and electrically connected to the lower collective ring, which is the first antenna feed point. The lower ends of the additional canvases 12 are connected electrically to the balances 6, forming the second antenna feed point.

6 and 7 show radiation patterns in the vertical plane of the compared antennas in the frequency range (5 ... 30) MHz with a step of 5 MHz:

- pin 20 m; pin diameter 50 mm;

- ASDM 20 m high;

- ASHMSh 20 m high.

Figures 8 and 9 show comparative characteristics (active component of the antenna resistance R _A , reactive component of the antenna resistance JX _A ) for the three antennas discussed above.

The use of the ARMOS high-strength tow rope reinforced with a silver-silver braid makes it possible to reduce the weight of workers and additional antenna webs by 1.5 times compared to the MG-6 copper antenna cord (weight of one meter of the armored cord of ARMOS is 33.7 g, weight of one meter MG-6 copper antenna cable - 50.8 g). At the same time, the ARMOS cord tensile strength is 900 kgf, which is 4.2 times higher than the strength of the MG-6 rope.

Since all the structural elements of the proposed antenna is in direct contact with the ground, this reduces the requirements for the device of lightning protection of the output circuits of the antenna (input circuits of the transceiver equipment) and the exclusion of such an unreliable element as the reference porcelain insulator from the composition of the antenna. Moreover, the electrical characteristics of the proposed antenna in the frequency range (1.5 ... 5) MHz is not worse than the prototype.

The execution of the top of the proposed antenna in the form of a cone with an angle at its top of more than 90 ° provides electrical elongation of the antenna and a reduction in the spread of parameters in the low-frequency part (1.5 ... 5 MHz) of the KB operating frequency range.

Literature.

1. Zakharov V.P., Levchuk P.F., Muravyov Yu.K. and other characteristics of antennas for radio communications. Ed. Yu.K. Muravyova - L .: Ed. VKAS. 1968 .-- 130 s.

2. Luzan Yu.S., Marenko V.F., Bogdanov A.V. etc. Alignment of decameter transmitting antennas. Collection of reports of the technological congress "Modern technologies in the creation of military and civilian products", - Omsk. Ed. OmSTU, 2001 .-- p. 280-283.

3. A.S. No. 1030893, H 01 Q 9/28. Bull. fig. No27 of 07/23/1983

4. A.S. No. 1359566, H 01 Q 9/28. Bull. fig. No 42 on 11/15/1987

5. Patent for invention No. 2226021. Bull. fig. No 8 of March 20, 2004

6. Ex. HP P-1/43 of 03/27/02 State enterprise of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Polymer Fibers with a pilot plant (GP VNIIIPV).

7. Harness ARMOS-600.

8. Perepelkin KE, Machalava NN, Kuryleva NN, Andreev AS, Aramids - unique materials for security, InterReklama, banner network, articles 0-1.RU.

9. Ropes are synthetic. Specifications, TU 8121-008-51605609-2000.

Claims (1)

A mobile whip antenna with shunt power, comprising an antenna base located on the ground, mechanically connected to a metal antenna mast, N antenna working blades placed along the generatrix lines of different height straight cones, the upper and lower ends of the antenna working blades N are electrically connected by the upper and lower collective rings, respectively , the lower collective ring is the first power point connected to the center conductor of the coaxial power cable, concentric conductor the power cable is connected to the ends of the counterweights evenly spaced around the antenna, the lower inflection points of the N antenna work blades are geometrically evenly spaced on the circumference of the first lower cone and the second cone mated with their bases, the metal antenna mast in the vertical position and the N antenna work blades in the working position are fixed a system of braces, each of which ends with an adjusting lag, to the lower collective ring earrings with carabiners are attached the lower ends of N working polo antennas, the upper ends of which are attached by carabiners to the flange of the upper cup, characterized in that an additional upper mast section is inserted, mechanically connected to the metal mast of the antenna, an upper cup is fixed to the top of the additional upper mast section, to the flange of which the upper ends of the mast are evenly distributed mechanically around the metal antenna mast N additional antenna webs forming the antenna power shunt and passing from top to bottom along the additional upper mast section and of the antenna’s metallic mast, the lower ends of the N additional antenna sheets are electrically and mechanically connected to the additional lower ring, which, when it is connected electrically to the antenna counterweights, is the second antenna feed point, N spacers made of dielectric are attached to the hinges of the mast’s upper section the ends of which, which are the upper inflection point of the antenna working blades, are mechanically attached to N antenna working blades, N antenna working blades extend from top to bottom from the ruptures of the additional upper mast section to the lower collective ring and are evenly distributed along the generatrices of three straight conjugated cones, while the base of the third upper cone is conjugated with the upper plane of the second truncated cone, the lower base of which is conjugated with the lower base of the first straight cone inverted downward, the upper ends N additional antenna webs forming the antenna power shunt, electrically connected by the upper collective ring, the antenna’s metal mast is made a telescopic winch with a load-safe friction brake integrated in the lower section of the antenna antenna’s metal mast, N working antenna sheets and N additional antenna sheets forming the antenna power shunt are made of a high-strength armos concentric copper-silver braided braid, while the silver braid is an electrical conductor the antenna’s working cloths and from above it is covered with an additional shell of “ARMOS” braided thread, all the guy wires are made of dielectric arm harness "ARMOS".

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