RU2383975C2 - Broadband antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics; radio.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to antenna engineering, and more specifically to vertical broadband transceiving antennae working in the SW range in stationary and field conditions. The broadband SW antenna has a mast, mast extension members, a device for attaching counterbalances, lower and upper commutating rings, where the lower commutating ring is the first antenna feed point, and the second antenna feed point is the electrically connected ends of the counterbalances. On the device for attaching counterbalances, radiators are electrically connected to the lower commutating ring, directed upwards, move way from the mast to bending points, approach each other after the bending points and are electrically connected to the upper commutating ring. The antenna also has a conductor which is electrically connected to the radiators in their bending points, as well as a device for attaching the conductor to the mast, a vertical radiator mounted at the top of the mast with electrical connection to the upper commutating ring. The length of the radiators from the lower commutating ring to the conductor is more than twice larger than the length of the radiators from the conductor to the upper commutating ring.

EFFECT: reduced size, reliability of the structure and reduced loss at low frequencies in the SW band.

11 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to antenna technology, namely to vertical broadband transceiver antennas operating in the KB range, both in stationary and in the field.

Known short-wave vibrator antenna with capacitive load, copyright certificate SU No. 285837, IPC H01Q 9/18, 07/11/1969, made in the form of a vertical vibrator with capacitive load, characterized in that, in order to expand the operating range and reduce losses around the said emitter around the circumference are vertical pins of unequal height.

The disadvantage of this invention is the large geometric height - H = 0.2λ _MAX and antenna mass.

Known low-directional broadband antenna, copyright certificate SU No. 1823038 A1, IPC H01Q 9/34, 07/02/1990, containing a vertical support, the base of which is fixed to the surface of the earth, a series of conductive wires connected to a collective ring mounted on a vertical support and isolated from it , and grounding, characterized in that in order to reduce the vertical size and expand the range of operating frequencies by agreement, an electric cord is inserted, four shunts, the height of the vertical support is chosen equal to (0.015-0.02) _DL and the conductive wire forming the truncated quadrangular pyramid whose base is arranged horizontally at a height 0,097λ _{DL, DL} where λ - the maximum length of the working wave range and is a square with a side 0,0161λ _DL, which plane is formed by intersecting conductive wires arranged in a mesh with a uniform pitch, each side face of a truncated tetrahedral pyramid is made of five uniformly fan-shaped diverging conductive wires, the upper ends of which are fixed to ronah base truncated four-sided pyramid, and bottom - for collective ring having a diameter 0,007λ _DL and located at a height 0,12λ _JL, wherein the conductive wires are extreme edges of a truncated four-sided pyramid, and are in the form of tubes the length l = 0,116λ diameter _DL ( 0.00015-0,00025) λ _DL , and the diameter of the remaining conductive wires is 0.00003λ _DL , while the lower ends of the tubes are mounted on the collective ring with hinges, and the upper ends of the tubes contain blocks in which shunts are formed, formed vertically wires, the upper ends of which have galvanic contact with the base of the truncated tetrahedral pyramid, and the lower ends of which are fixed to the surface by means of anchors, the dielectric cord is fixed to the tubes by means of blocks located at a distance of (0.15-0.25) l from the upper end of the tube and 0.3l from its lower end, while the dielectric cord is connected to the tubes in pairs in planes passing through the diagonals of the base of the truncated tetrahedral pyramid, and the tubes together with the shunts are a low-voltage skeleton Broadband Antenna.

The disadvantages of this invention are the complexity of the antenna design, high SWR, a large area of the land required to install the antenna.

Known broadband vertical emitter, patent RU No. 2289180, IPC H01Q 9/34, 01/31/2005, comprising an antenna base mechanically connected to the antenna mast, a counterbalance system, upper and lower collective rings, the lower collective ring being the first antenna supply point, and the second antenna power point is the electrically combined ends of the counterweights evenly placed around the antenna, as well as N emitters located along the generatrix lines of two different-height straight cones conjugated by their bases c, the upper and lower ends of the N emitters are mechanically connected to the top and base of the mast, and the inflection points of the N emitters are geometrically placed on the circumference of the bases of the two straight cones of different heights, the mast is held upright by guy wires, characterized in that the mast is detachable and telescopic, consisting of M elbows, each of which is made of dielectric pipes and is equipped with a locking lock, radiators are made of pieces of coaxial cable with high-frequency coaxial connectors on the ends, wherein at each connector at the upper end, the inner conductor and the shield are electrically connected to the upper collective ring on which the instrument parts of the coaxial connectors are mounted, at the lower end the shield is electrically connected to the main lower collective ring on which the instrument parts of the coaxial connectors are also installed, the inner conductors of the connectors are connected to an additional lower collective ring, and an inductance coil is connected between the additional lower collective ring and the base In fact, all guy wires are made of a high-strength, low-extensible polymer cord, a system of radial counterweights from K> N conductors arranged uniformly in a circle with a radius equal to the antenna height is connected to the base of the antenna, the required geometric shape of the antenna is provided by means of dielectric spacers, the number of which is equal to the number of emitters N .

The disadvantages of the known invention are the high SWR, reaching a value of 10.0 at frequencies of 2-2.5 MHz, a large area of the site required for installation of the antenna due to radially located balances equal to the height of the antenna.

The broadband vertical radiator according to patent RU No. 2289180 is taken as a prototype.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to reduce the size, weight of the antenna, when achieving high electrical parameters and reliability of the design, reducing the SWR to 2.0-3.5 at low frequencies of the KB range, reducing the area occupied by the antenna, achieving the possibility of installing the antenna on the roofs of buildings.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a broadband KB antenna containing a mast, mast extensions, a counterweight mounting device, lower and upper collective rings, the lower collective ring being the first antenna supply point, and the second antenna supply point are the electrically connected ends of the counterweights on the counterweight mounting device , emitters, electrically connected to the lower collective ring, directed upwards and moving away from the mast to the inflection points, approaching each other after e inflection points and electrically connected to the upper collective ring, characterized in that it contains a conductor electrically connected to the emitters at the points of their inflection, a device for attaching a conductor to the mast, a device for attaching a vertical emitter mounted on top of the mast, the vertical emitter has an electrical connection to the upper a collective ring, and the length of the emitters from the lower collective ring to the conductor is more than twice the length of the emitters from the conductor to the upper collector ring of and counterweights ends remote from the antenna mast, electrically interconnected conductor.

The drawings show:

Figure 1 - broadband KB antenna;

Figure 2 - antenna conductor having a polygon configuration, connected to a mounting device with radially arranged tubes (top view);

Figure 3 - antenna conductor having a circle configuration connected to a mounting device by tubular devices, each of which has a petal configuration (top view);

Figure 4 is a graph of the SWR of a broadband KB antenna;

Figure 5 is a photograph of a broadband KB antenna made according to the invention.

In Fig. 1, a broadband KB antenna contains a mast 1, extensions 2 of a mast 1, a device 3 for mounting a counterweight 4, a lower collective ring 5, emitters 6, a conductor 7, a device 8 for fixing a conductor 7, an upper collective ring 9, a device 10 for mounting a vertical emitter 11 .

Figure 1 indicates:

h1 is the height of the broadband KB antenna from the lower collective ring 5 to the conductor 7;

h2 is the height of the broadband KB antenna from the conductor 7 to the upper collective ring 9;

h3 is the height of the fixed part of the vertical emitter 11;

h4 is the height of the movable part of the vertical emitter 11;

L1 is the length of the fixed part of the counterweight 4;

L2 is the length of the movable part of the counterweight 4.

In figure 2, the broadband KB antenna comprises a mast 1, a conductor 7, a device for attaching a conductor 7, radially arranged tubes 12 connecting the conductor 7 with the device 8 for attaching a conductor 7.

In Fig.3, the broadband KB antenna comprises a mast 1, a conductor 7, a device 8 for fixing a conductor 7, tubular devices 13 connecting a conductor 7 with a device 8 for mounting a conductor 7.

A vertical broadband KB antenna is placed on the mast 1 of insulating material, which is held by braces 2. In the lower part of the mast 1, a device 3 for mounting the counterweights 4 and a lower collective ring 5. In the upper part of the mast 1, a device 8 for fixing the conductor 7 made of an aluminum tube is installed and having a closed perimeter, which is a capacitive load and at the same time a forming element of the antenna, as well as an upper collective ring 9, a mounting device 10 with a vertical emitter 11.

The emitters 6 are made of an insulated antenna cable and are electrically connected to the lower collective ring 5, the conductor 7, the upper collective ring 9, the vertical radiator 11 and are evenly spaced around the circumference at the same distance from the mast 1.

In various designs of the broadband KB antenna, the conductor 7 may have a circle or polygon configuration and may be connected to the attachment device 8 by tubular devices 13, each of which has a lobe configuration, radially arranged tubes 12 or tubes with a curved configuration. The vertical emitter 11 and the balances 4 can have telescopic designs that allow lengthening or shortening their length to adjust the SWR to a minimum value, depending on the height of the antenna and the nature of the surrounding objects. In some embodiments, the design of this antenna balances 4 are supported by polymer cords mounted on the mast 1.

The ends of the balances 4, remote from the mast 1, are electrically connected to each other by a wire, which allows to reduce the length of the balances 4, respectively, to reduce the area occupied by them and makes their work more efficient.

Such a constructive solution allows to reduce the dimensions of the antenna, to expand the bandwidth at a sufficiently high efficiency in the low-frequency section of the KB range in comparison with other vertical antennas, similar in size.

The installed antennas made in accordance with the claimed invention showed that they practically do not require an area for deployment and mounting of counterweights, they occupy a small area when installed on the roofs of buildings and have a passband from 2 to 30 MHz with an SWR of less than 2.0 and only in several points up to 3.0-3.5, have low angles of emission of a vertical plane on the low-frequency part of the KB range.

This design, in the absence of concentrated inductances and the presence of a conditionally thick vibrator with a capacitive load, allows to reduce losses in the antenna.

With an antenna height of about 9 meters in the low-frequency portion of the KB range (3-7 MHz), the gain is only 2-3 decibels lower than in a full-size antenna λ / 4 20 meters high. With increasing frequency, the gain increases.

The vertical broadband KB antenna is designed to operate both in stationary and in the field. The small mass and small area required to place the antenna allows you to install it on the roofs of small buildings and structures in forests. The antenna installation height is not critical, already when the antenna is installed at a height of 3 meters from the ground, it works quite efficiently.

Figure 5 is a photograph of a broadband KB antenna made according to the invention, shows that the antenna is installed and works perfectly in such conditions in which other broadband KB antennas are almost impossible to install.

Claims (11)

1. A broadband KB antenna comprising a mast, mast extensions, a counterweight mounting device, lower and upper collective rings, the lower collective ring being the first antenna supply point, and the second antenna supply point are the electrically connected ends of the counterweights on the counterweight mounting device, emitters, electrically connected to the lower collective ring, directed upwards and moving away from the mast to the inflection points, approaching each other after the inflection points and electrically connected with the upper collective ring, characterized in that it contains a conductor electrically connected to the emitters at the points of their inflection, a device for attaching a conductor to the mast, a device for attaching a vertical radiator mounted on top of the mast, the vertical radiator having an electrical connection with the upper collective ring, and the length of the emitters from the lower collective ring to the conductor is more than twice the length of the emitters from the conductor to the upper collective ring. 2. The broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical radiator has a telescopic structure. 3. The broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the balances are telescopic. 4. Broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor is made of an aluminum tube. 5. The broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor has a circle configuration. 6. Broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor has a polygon configuration. 7. Broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor has a closed perimeter. 8. Broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor is connected to a mounting device with radially arranged tubes. 9. The broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor is connected to a device for mounting tubes with a curved configuration. 10. The broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor is connected to the mounting device by tubular devices, each of which has a lobe configuration. 11. Broadband KB antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the counterweights remote from the antenna mast are electrically connected to each other by a wire.

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