RU2291003C1 - Mobile-stationary complex for processing of containerized solid domestic wastes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: municipal engineering, in particular, processing of solid domestic wastes, preferably containerized and industrial garbage of municipal and other piles, may be used in low populated areas.

SUBSTANCE: mobile complex for processing of solid domestic wastes has at least one vehicle for transportation of containers, at least one lift truck, and at least two semi-trailers, each as part of trailer rig. Sorting conveyor and climatic cabin for sorters are mounted on one semi-trailer. Cabin for sorters is furnished with eight working seats, four at each side. Each of said working seats is equipped with receiving tray adapted for receiving of secondary material and positioned so as to be tilted outside of climatic cabin for loading and returning to initial position followed by hermetic sealing of mounting opening. Packing press, diesel-generator, general service premise and slipper for packs are positioned on other semi-trailer.

EFFECT: improved mobility of complex, simplified and cheaper solid domestic waste processing operation, improved ecological safety for environment during processing operation, and increased efficiency.

7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of public utilities, is intended for the processing of municipal solid waste, mainly for the processing of container and industrial waste of urban and other landfills and can be used in settlements with a small population.

The prior art complex for the processing of municipal solid waste, including mixing garbage with water, separating insoluble sediment, forming briquettes from the remaining viscous combustible mass and drying the briquettes, moreover, a mixture of garbage with water in a mass ratio of 1: (2 ... 8) is boiled for 0.5 ... 1.5 hours and the boiled mass is kept until delamination into an insoluble precipitate and a viscous combustible mass, while the briquettes are dried at 100 ° C (see SU 1713925 A1 of 01.22.1990).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the significant energy consumption for boiling garbage in water and drying a viscous mass, the long duration of the drying process, and also the high cost of heat treatment of the organic part of the garbage during boiling. In this case, when boiling, significant harmful gas emissions and air pollution of the atmosphere occur, and drying must be carried out until the viscous mass reaches the mechanical properties that are optimal for creating a durable briquette by the press.

The closest of the prior art is the technical solution disclosed in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2155108 of 08/27/2000. In accordance with this decision, waste collected by garbage trucks is transported to a sorting station, where after moving it with a loading conveyor, during which large items are removed and collected in a container, they are loaded into a rotating drum screen with a perforated cylinder. The axis of rotation of the perforated cylinder in the drum screen is placed horizontally. In the perforated cylinder, the waste is moved along spiral paths by means of screw blades fixed on the inner surface of the cylinder. At the same time, packages and bags with waste are destroyed with the help of spikes mounted on the auger blades. The waste from the drum screen comes to a sorting conveyor. Along the latter are located sorter jobs with hatches for dumping certain fractions in them. At the exit from the sorting conveyor, a fraction consisting of non-recyclable waste is sent to a storage hopper, from which it is transferred into unloaded garbage trucks in separate portions using an unloading conveyor with a controlled drive. The fractions obtained after sorting municipal solid waste are sent to their processing plants.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include the high energy intensity of technological operations, the bacteriological danger of environmental pollution and the high cost of equipment.

The aim of the present invention is the creation of a mobile complex for the processing of municipal solid waste, including container design, devoid of the above disadvantages and maximally suited for the processing of municipal solid waste in settlements with a small population (including cottage and summer cottages), as well as enterprises of the housing and communal sector, including railway and bus stations, airports, sea and river ports and train stations, other enterprises - entertainment (stadiums), trade, etc.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the present invention is to increase the mobility of the complex, simplify and reduce the cost of the processing of municipal solid waste, ensure environmental safety during the processing of municipal solid waste, increase productivity and increase the profitability of the processing of municipal solid waste.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the mobile complex for processing municipal solid waste includes at least one vehicle for transporting containers, at least one forklift truck and at least two semitrailers in the composition of the road train each. On one semitrailer there is a sorting conveyor and a climatic cabin for sorters, equipped with eight workstations, four on each side, each workplace is equipped with a receiving tray for recyclables, which can be tipped over when filling, outside the climate cabin and returning to its original position with a sealed overlapping installation hole. On the other semi-trailer there is a baling press, a diesel generator, a utility room and a skiz for packages.

Placing a sorting conveyor, a climatic cabin for sorters, a baling press, a diesel generator and household premises on semitrailers, as well as an available container transporting vehicle and a forklift truck allow you to create a mobile complex for processing household solid waste that can independently move to the right place, t .e. there is no need to lead the waste to the sorting complex - the complex itself moves to the place of waste generation and storage.

Equipping the climate cabin for sorters with eight workplaces, four on each side, with a recycle bin that can be tipped over when filling, returning the climate cabin and returning to its original position with a sealed overlapping of the installation hole, makes it easier and cheaper to compare prototype, the operation of processing municipal solid waste and ensure environmental safety during the processing of municipal solid waste, as well as increase production efficiency and increase the profitability of solid waste processing.

For ease of use, it is advisable that the forklift was equipped with a clamshell grab.

Also, for ease of use and reduction of processing time, it is advisable that a container is placed outside the climate cabin under each installation hole for the receiving tray.

For ease of use, it is advisable that the press was made with the possibility of pressing packages of small size and weight, for example 0.5 × 0.3 × 0.4-0.5 m.

In some cases, for ecological safety of the environment, it is advisable that the complex is additionally equipped with an incinerator unit for the thermal neutralization and elimination of household waste, placed on a semi-trailer and including a technological line for high-temperature burning of household waste, an exhaust gas treatment system, a waste loading line and an ash residue discharge line.

To optimize disposal processes, it is advisable that the combustion of the organic component of the waste occurs at a temperature of 850 ° C-950 ° C, and the ash residue at the outlet has a temperature of 60 ° C-80 ° C.

Also, to optimize the disposal processes, it is advisable that the incinerator for the thermal neutralization and elimination of household waste be made with the possibility of smooth regulation of the high-temperature combustion process and equipped with a multi-stage gas-air path, which allows for phased purification of exhaust gases, including afterburning of gases, gas separation from dust and their chemical cleaning up.

Further, the invention will be disclosed in more detail, with reference to graphic materials on which:

figure 1 is a General view of the semi-trailer with a sorting station,

figure 2 - General view of the semi-trailer with a press,

figure 3 - section aa in figure 1,

figure 4 - working arrangement of equipment.

The mobile complex for processing solid domestic waste (MSW) is located on at least two semi-trailers 1 and 2. On the first semi-trailer 1 is a sorting conveyor 3 and a climate cabin 4 for sorters. On the second semi-trailer 2 there is a baling press 5, a diesel generator 6, a utility room 7 and a skliz 8 for packages. Recycling containers 9 are transported by truck. Forklift 10 with a grab grab moves on its own, transported over long distances by truck.

Climate booth 4 houses eight sorter jobs, four on each side. At each workplace, a receiving tray 11 for collecting recyclables is installed. Each sorter, on the instructions of the master, selects a certain sort of recyclable material and puts it in the receiving tray 11. After filling the receiving tray 11, it manually tilts onto the street where the container 9 is installed, and the recycled materials from the receiving tray 11 are reloaded into the container 9. The receiving tray 11 is returned to its original position and blocks the access of air from the street. Filled containers 9 are moved to the storage location.

During operation of the truck 10, sorters must work simultaneously with it in the receiving area and carefully select and prevent waste from entering the receiving tray 12 of the sorting conveyor 3, which can lead to congestion or destruction of equipment structures (this waste is taken to the landfill for disposal without pressing) , eg:

- large pieces of concrete, asphalt, metal, etc. with dimensions of more than 200 × 200 × 200 mm;

- long waste of trees, wooden packaging, etc., more than 700 mm long, more than 200 mm wide and more than 300 mm high;

- cases and elements of household appliances (refrigerators, gas stoves, washing machines, etc.);

- cases and elements of electrical equipment (televisions, tape recorders, etc.);

- sanitary ware (toilet bowls, sinks, etc.);

- other items that may cause congestion or equipment damage.

Bulky waste of cardboard, textile, plastic, etc. with dimensions of more than 700 × 400 × 200 mm are also collected at the site and stacked in containers.

The MSW remaining after sorting is loaded into the press hopper and pressed into packages of 0.5 × 0.3 × 0.4-0.5 m in size and manually tied in wire in two rows.

Packages on skliz 8 are moved to the site where they are stored or loaded onto cars and taken to a landfill for burial.

After filling all containers 9 with recyclables, the loading of solid waste on the conveyor stops. Recycled materials from containers 9, in turn, is unloaded to the site. Forklift 10 with a grab grab loads the recyclable materials into the receiving tray 12 of the sorting conveyor 3. On the sorting conveyor 3, if necessary, a deeper sorting of the recyclable materials takes place. From the sorting conveyor 3, recycled materials are reloaded into the press hopper, pressed into bags of 0.5 × 0.3 × 0.4-0.5 m in size and manually tied in two rows with wire. Packages on skliz 8 are moved to the site, where they are stored or loaded on cars to send recyclables to consumers.

After packaging of recyclables, sorting and packaging of solid waste begins again.

Since the trailer on which the sorting complex is located is located on the working platform and operates autonomously, the tractor during the sorting and pressing cycle can be used to transport “tailings” for disposal and sorted secondary raw materials to the destination.

After processing solid waste at this site, the complex is brought into transport position and moves to the next site. The time spent on the site depends on the amount of waste collected on it.

In some cases, depending on the operating conditions and the quality of solid waste, the complex can be supplemented with equipment for environmentally safe thermal disposal and elimination of solid waste placed on an additional semi-trailer (not shown).

This equipment is intended for the incineration of medical, sanitary, bio-waste contaminated, including oil, oils, oil sludge waste and municipal solid waste.

Main technical specifications:

- productivity (at a humidity of 50% and calorific value of 2000 kcal / h) - up to 20 kg / h,

- type of furnace - hearth with agitator,

- waste incineration temperature - 850 ° С-950 ° С,

- afterburning temperature of exhaust gases - 1100 ° С-1200 ° С.

Environmental characteristics of waste products:

- exhaust gases - within the limits of sanitary and environmental requirements according to the standards of the Russian Federation and the EU (without the formation of soot),

- ash residue - IV hazard class,

- fuel - diesel,

- fuel consumption - not more than 0.17 kg / kg of waste,

- dry alkali consumption - not more than 0.8 kg / hour,

- power consumption - not more than 6 kW,

- an operating mode - 1/2/3 - replaceable.

The installation for thermal neutralization and elimination of waste is a set of equipment for the reception of waste, its heat treatment, unloading the ash residue and purification of exhaust gases and includes a technological line for high-temperature waste combustion, an exhaust gas purification system, a line for loading waste, and unloading the ash residue.

The combustion of the organic component of the waste occurs at a temperature of 850 ° C-950 ° C. The ash residue at the outlet has a safe temperature of 60 ° C-80 ° C. The smooth regulation of the high-temperature combustion process allows optimizing the time of waste treatment at each stage of the technological process, ensuring their complete combustion and efficient cooling of the ash residue.

The organization of a multi-stage gas-air path allows for phased purification of exhaust gases, including afterburning of gases, gas separation from dust and their chemical cleaning.

Basic operations are mechanized and automated. A flexible automatic control system includes temperature control subsystems at all stages of the process, control of electromechanical devices (smoke exhaust, drives, etc.), control of the main characteristics of the complex, control of emergency situations. Instrumentations and other devices are made in a protected version based on digital technology and ensure safe operation.

High sanitary and environmental parameters are ensured by the optimal choice of temperatures in the waste incineration and afterburning chambers, the presence of an automatic control system, the operation mode of the burners and the presence of a special exhaust gas purification system, including a cyclone and a scrubber. The following emission indicators are provided:

СО - no more than 30 mg / m ³

NO _x - no more than 50 mg / m ³

HCl - not more than 8 mg / m ³

HF - no more than 5 mg / m ³

SO ₂ - no more than 10 mg / m ³

Dust - not more than 30 mg / m ³

Dioxins - not more than 100 mg / m ³

Ash residue - IV hazard class.

Thus, the proposed mobile complex for processing solid domestic waste is a high-tech autonomous complex for processing solid household waste that is most suited for the processing of solid waste in settlements, including those with a small population, ensuring environmental safety of the environment.

Claims (7)

1. A mobile-stationary complex for processing solid municipal waste of container type, comprising at least one vehicle for transporting containers, at least one forklift truck and at least two semi-trailers in the composition of the road train each, each on one semi-trailer there is a sorting conveyor and a climatic cabin for sorters equipped with eight workplaces, four on each side, each workplace is equipped with a receiving tray for recyclables installed with the possibility of defining throwing, when filling, the climatic cabin out and returning to its original position with a sealed overlap of the installation hole, on the other semi-trailer there is a baling press, diesel generator, a utility room and a skiz for bags. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the forklift is equipped with a gripper. 3. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that a container is placed outside the climate cabin under each mounting hole for the receiving tray. 4. The complex according to claim 3, characterized in that the press is made with the possibility of pressing packages with a size of 0.5 × 0.3 × 0.4-0.5 m 5. The complex according to claim 4, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an incinerator for thermal neutralization and elimination of household waste, placed on a semitrailer and including a technological line for high-temperature burning of household waste, an exhaust gas treatment system, a waste loading line and an ash residue discharge line. 6. The complex according to claim 5, characterized in that the combustion of the organic component of the waste occurs at a temperature of 850-950 ° C, and the ash residue at the outlet has a temperature of 60-80 ° C. 7. The complex according to claim 6, characterized in that the incinerator for thermal neutralization and elimination of household waste is made with the possibility of smooth regulation of the high-temperature combustion process and is equipped with a multi-stage gas-air path that allows for stepwise purification of exhaust gases, including afterburning of gases, gas separation from dust and their chemical cleaning.

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