RU2289974C1 - Apparatus for preparing of premixes and feed mixtures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanization of animal farming, in particular, feed production equipment.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus comprises two vertical mixers communicating with one another and having internal mixing devices, charging unit, discharge unit, and control unit. One of mixers designed for premixes has lower volume than other mixer. This mixer is positioned for rotation and is made in the form of centrifuge shaped as truncated cone with shutter positioned near base thereof. Mixing device of this mixer is formed as blade. Mixer designed for feed mixtures is made immovable. Its mixing device is located on bottom and made in the form of truncated cone with helical guide and helical blade. Opening provided in bottom of said mixer is communicating through discharge device with receptacle reservoir for ready product. Discharge device is made in the form of rotating blades arranged under truncated cone. Mixers are communicating with one another through spiral-helical conveyor and are mounted on frame. Mixer for premixes has volume of 1 l, and mixer for feed mixtures has volume of 20 l.

EFFECT: improved quality of feed mixtures.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanization of agriculture, in particular to machines for mixing bulk feed, livestock farms.

A study in the field of livestock science confirms that when growing calves, the latter often suffer from a lack of calcium, magnesium, sodium, sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, cobalt, iodine, selenium, etc. Due to the lack of trace elements, calves are sick, their daily intake is reduced weight gain, because feed (feed mixtures) are poorly digested and absorbed. The content of premixes in feed mixtures is small - only one percent of the total mass of feed. Moreover, the quality of mixing or uniformity with the filler (final feed or bran) should be ensured within not less than 90-98%.

A known mixer containing two vertically mounted cylindrical chambers with loading and unloading devices, both chambers having different capacities and drives (ed. St. USSR No. 115290, class B 01 F 15/04, 1985).

The disadvantage of such designs is a low degree of dispersion, segregation of components and a low degree of mixing, not exceeding 70-80%, leading to diseases and loss of gain in young cattle by 20-25%.

Also known is a plant for preparing premixes and feed mixtures, including two vertically mounted mixers that communicate with each other and have internal mixing bodies, a loading device, an unloading device and a control unit (ed. St. USSR No. 1503872, class 01 F 13 / 00, 1989 - prototype).

However, such installations do not smooth the pulsation of the feed ingredients and have a low uniformity of mixing the final product.

To eliminate these drawbacks, it is more efficient, especially on small farms, to pre-prepare fresh premix directly on the farm and then prepare feed mixtures from local feed using an additional larger mixer. The resulting mixture of protein-mineral-vitamin supplements and a filler does not have time to separate into fractions, and the animals receive strictly balanced loose fodder mixtures with a uniformity of more than 95%. Moreover, the cost of preparing 1 kg of feed mixture compared with 1 kg of industrial production is reduced by almost 1.5-2 times. Since from the above paddle and screw mixers the ingredients are supplied in a pulsating flow, when choosing the design of a more efficient mixer, it should be taken into account that it should provide not only good mixing, but also a smoothing of the flow of components loaded by the dispenser.

The objective of the invention is to intensify the dispersion process and improve the quality of mixing premixes (a more homogeneous mixture of vitamins, mineral elements and other additives with a filler) and other feed mixtures.

This task is achieved in that one of the mixers, designed for premixes, has a smaller volume than the other, is mounted with the possibility of rotation, is a centrifuge in the form of a truncated cone, at the base of which a hinged shutter is installed and its mixing working body has the form of a scapula, and the mixer intended for feed mixtures is fixedly mounted, its mixing working element is installed at the bottom and made in the form of a truncated cone with a screw guide and a screw blade, while in the bottom of this mixture ator has an opening, communicated by the unloading device provided in the form of a truncated cone disposed under the rotating blades, with a receiving container for the finished product, in addition, mixers interconnected by a spiral screw conveyor and mounted on the frame. The premix mixer has a capacity of 1 liter and the feed mixer of 20 liters.

The drawing shows a General view of the installation of two-stage mixing of feed in the context.

Installation for the preparation of premixes and feed mixtures includes two vertically mounted mixers 1 and 2, interconnected and having internal mixing working bodies, loading and unloading devices and a control unit for electric drives 3 and 4 of working bodies. One of the mixers 1, intended for the preparation of premixes, has a smaller volume than the other (2), is mounted for rotation. It is a centrifuge in the form of a truncated cone 5, at the base of which a hinged (slide) shutter 6 is installed and its mixing working body looks like a scapula 7, and the mixer 2, designed for preparing feed mixtures, is stationary, its mixing working body is installed at the bottom 8 and is made in the form of a rotating truncated cone 9 with a screw guide 10 and a screw blade 11, while in the bottom 8 of this mixer 2 a hole 12 is made, communicated by means of an unloading device made in the form of a married under the truncated cone 9 of the rotating blades 13 with a receiving tank 14 for the finished product. In addition, the mixers 1 and 2 are interconnected by means of a spiral-screw conveyor 15 and are mounted on the frame 16. The premix mixer 1 has a capacity of 1 l, and the feed mixer 2 - 20 l.

The installation operates on a two-stage principle as follows. First, premixes are prepared from toxic and other ingredients with a filler for 3-5 minutes in a vertical mixer 1 using a rotating centrifuge to a uniformity of 98-99%. Then, feed mixtures are prepared from local feeds and the premixes obtained above to a uniformity of 95-100% in a motionlessly installed chamber of the vertical mixer 2 for 5-10 minutes.

First, in the vertical premix mixer 1 with the shutter 6 closed, the necessary ingredients are loaded (1% of the total weight of the feed mixture) and the filler, the lid is closed and the electric drive 3 is turned on for the rotation period of the centrifuge, determined by the clock relay before diffusion mixing mode (see Fig. 2). The prepared premix mixture with the electric drive 3 turned off and the shutter 6 open through the unloading window of the stopped centrifuge is reloaded through the casing of the spiral-screw conveyor 15 through the loading funnel and unloading pipe into the chamber of the vertical mixer 2. Here, the premixes and the filler are simultaneously fed to the rotating disk-diffuser the farm. From a rotating disk-diffuser, these feeds enter the chamber of the vertical mixer 2, interact with the working body in the form of a truncated cone 9 and a screw guide 10. The mixed mass is fed upward to the screw blade 11 and is again scattered around the chamber of the mixer 2. At the end of the period, installed by the time relay, the control system automatically turns off the electric drive of the mixer mixer 2 and turns on the electric drive of the unloading impeller 13, and the working body - truncated cone 9 for reverse rotation. The screw guide 10 provides additional mixing, as well as a continuous feed of the resulting feed mixture into the discharge opening 12. Here, the incoming product is picked up by the rotating blades 13 and sent through the discharge pipe to the receiving tank 14.

The mixing process is shown in figure 2 in stages:

- moving a group of adjacent particles from one place to another by introduction, sliding layers (1-convective mixing with a uniformity of 70-80%);

- gradual redistribution of particles through a freshly formed interface (diffusion mixing with uniformity of 95-99%);

- concentration of particles having close mass and sizes in the corresponding places of the mixer under the influence of inertial and gravitational forces (III-segregation of particles). The first two processes with the indicated capacity of the mixers (1 l and 20 l) contribute to increasing the uniformity of the mixture of premixes and filler, and the last mode prevents this. The termination of the processes of preparation of premixes and feed mixtures is carried out automatically (using the clockwork role) after a period of convective and diffusion mixing (see figure 2).

As a result of such effects, the dispersion process intensifies and the quality of feed mixtures increases to a uniformity of 95-100%. The increase in the productivity of young cattle is from 10 to 28%.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for the preparation of premixes and feed mixtures, including two vertically mounted mixers that communicate with each other and have internal mixing bodies, a loading device, an unloading device and a control unit, characterized in that one of the mixers designed for premixes has a smaller volume than the other, installed with the possibility of rotation, is a centrifuge in the form of a truncated cone, at the base of which a damper is installed, and its mixing working body looks like a scapula, and the mixer intended for feed mixtures is fixedly mounted, its mixing working element is installed at the bottom and made in the form of a truncated cone with a screw guide and a screw blade, while in the bottom of this mixer there is an opening communicated by an unloading device made in the form of a truncated cone of rotating blades, with a receiving tank for the finished product, in addition, the mixers are interconnected by means of a spiral-screw conveyor and mounted on the frame. 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixer for premixes has a capacity of 1 l, and the mixer of feed mixtures - 20 l.