RU2287994C1 - Method for immunotherapy of viral respiratory diseases in calves - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: on proving the diagnosis one should introduce immune serum of animals-donors for sick calves till clinical recovery at the titers of hemagglutinins to IRT virus being 1:256, to PG-3 virus being 1:1280 and to VD-BC virus being 1:1024, and, additionally, it is necessary to apply a probiotic preparation lactobifadol at 32x10⁸ microbial cells bifido- and 4x10⁷ lactobacteria. The innovation increases the quantity of recovered animals, shortens the terms of therapy and the number of relapses.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of therapy.

2 ex, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary immunology, relates to a method of immunotherapy, and can be used to treat viral respiratory diseases of calves occurring as an associated infection of parainfluenza-3 (PG-3), infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT) and viral diarrhea - mucous membrane disease (VD-BS) .

Known methods for immunotherapy of viral respiratory diseases of calves using monovalent (live and inactivated) or multivalent vaccines [1]. Known methods of immunotherapy are based on complex measures, including intranasal vaccination of calves in the first weeks of life, their revaccination (parenterally) after 3-4 months, as well as vaccination of cows [2]. But with the complexity of the implementation of the known methods are ineffective, due to the presence in calves of colostral antibodies that block the antigens of the administered vaccines, thereby blocking the formation of immunity and exacerbating the infectious process. Live vaccines, in addition, have an immunosuppressive effect and can cause post-vaccination illness.

There is also known a method of immunotherapy of viral respiratory diseases of calves using the immune serum of animals of convalescents. The blood serum of animals-convalescents is a preparation containing antibodies to pathogens that form the virus-bacterial background of the livestock complex, however, the set of antibodies of blood serum of animals-convalescents and their titer do not always correspond to the complete set of antigenic structure of "local microflora", and in the manufacture of the drug and the complexity of the control does not ensure the stability and high quality of the finished forms, which reduces the effectiveness of therapeutic intervention using blood serum tnyh convalescent.

As a preferred analogue, a method for immunotherapy of viral respiratory diseases of calves using the immune serum of animal donors is considered [3]. Therapeutic and prophylactic immune sera are obtained by hyperimmunization of animals, they quickly provide the formation of passive immunity, but due to the low concentration of specific antibodies in the blood serum, the therapeutic effectiveness of the immune sera of animal donors is low.

The purpose of the invention is improving efficiency.

The goal is achieved by using the immune serum of animal donors in combination with the probiotic lactobifadol.

Immune serum is prepared according to the method of N.I. Gorban (1981) from the blood of animal donors from the farm for which it is intended, previously tested for cattle leukemia virus in RID with negative results. Animals are immunized with a bivalent or trivalent vaccine. Effective serum should contain antibodies to the etiological agents of viral respiratory diseases of calves (hemagglutinins) in the following credits: to the PG-3 virus - 1: 1280, to the IRT virus - 1: 256, to the VD-BS virus - 1: 1024.

The probiotic lactobifadol is made from living bacteria of the species B. adolescentis and L. acidophilum by contact and sorption drying of biomass, which ensures a minimal change in its biological properties [4].

The method is as follows.

Immune serum of animal donors containing hemagglutinins to the PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titers 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, is administered subcutaneously to the sick calves after diagnosis, and the probiotic drug lactobifadol is additionally used after the first injection at a dose of 32 × 10 ⁸ microbial cells of bifidobacteria and 4 × 10 ⁷ microbial cells of lactobacilli. Drugs are prescribed with an interval of 48 hours before clinical recovery.

The effectiveness of immunotherapy using the immune serum of animal donors in combination with the probiotic drug lactobifadol was determined on the basis of households in the Nizhny Novgorod region with an incidence of respiratory diseases of up to 80.0% with a mortality rate of 18.0% with a tendency to stationarity. The results of serological studies showed the circulation of viruses PG-3, IRT and VD-BS. The number of seropositive animals averaged 64% on PG-3, 87.2% on IRT and 98.8% on VD-BS.

Clinically, the disease was characterized by an increase in body temperature to 41.3 ° C, serous-mucous discharge from the nasal openings, depression of the general condition, conjunctivitis, cough, rapid breathing. The compelled slaughtered calves during the acute course of the lungs showed densified areas of red color, signs of enphysema, hyperemia of the mucous membrane, mucopurulent exudate in the trachea and bronchi, and signs of hemorrhagic catarrhal gastroenteritis. The pharyngeal and bronchial nodes are enlarged.

The essence of the method is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. To justify the dose of the probiotic drug lactobifadol, 4 groups of calves of 30-45 days of age were selected with a confirmed diagnosis of associated infection with PG-3, IRT and VD-BS; 3 groups - experimental, 1 group - control. The calves of all groups were injected subcutaneously with an interval of 48 hours until complete clinical recovery of the immune serum of animal donors containing hemagglutinins to the viruses PG-3, IRT and VD-BS in titres 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, at a dose of 2 ml / kg body weight. After the first injection, the probiotic calves additionally used the probiotic preparation lactobifadol based on microbial cells: 24 × 10 ⁸ and 3 × 10 ⁷ , 32 × 10 ⁸ and 4 × 10 ⁷ , 4 × 10 ⁹ and 5 × 10 ⁷ bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, respectively . The calves were clinically observed. The duration of treatment, the presence of relapses, mortality and forced slaughter were taken into account. Before and at the end of treatment, blood was taken for immunological studies. The immune status was assessed by indicators of lysozyme activity of blood serum (determined by V.G. Dorofeychuk), bactericidal activity of blood serum (determined by O.V.Smirnova and T.A. Kuzmina), phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils (determined by A.N. Mayansky) and β-lysine activity of blood serum (determined by O.V. Bukharin). The results are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1
The effectiveness of treatment depending on the dose of lactobifadol INDICATORS Groups of animals 1st experimental n = 12 2nd experimental n = 12 3rd experienced n = 12 4th control n = 12 Dose of lactobifadol, - microbial cells of bifidobacteria 24 × 10 ⁸ 32 × 10 ⁸ 4 × 10 ⁹ lactobacilli 3 × 10 ⁷ 4 × 10 ⁷ 5 × 10 ⁷ Recover, goal. (%) 11 (91.7) 12 (100) 12 (100) 10 (83.3) Palo, goal (%) - - - - Forced killed, goal. (%) 1 (8.3) - - 2 (16.6) Duration of treatment, days 16 fifteen fifteen eighteen The average daily weight gain, g 607.3 ± 40.8 735.0 ± 75.5 744.0 ± 69.4 526.0 ± 24.5

table 2
Dose-dependent effect of lactobifadol on immunological parameters INDICATORS Calf groups 1st experimental n = 10 2nd experimental n = 10 3rd experienced n = 10 4th control n = 10 Bactericidal activity of blood serum,%

Lysozyme activity of blood serum,%

β-lysine activity of blood serum,%

Functional activity of blood neutrophils,% - spontaneous test

- induced test

Note: numerator - indicators before the start of the experiment,
denominator - indicators after treatment.

As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, with the tested doses, stable results were obtained. As an optimal dose for practical use, it is possible to recommend a dose of 32 × 10 ⁸ microbial cells of bifidobacteria and 4 × 10 ⁷ microbial cells of lactobacilli per head, which provides maximum performance relative to control and dose constraints. A dose below the recommended one provided only a slight increase in the indicators relative to the control, and a dose above the recommended one provided the indicators at the recommended dose level, which made these doses economically inexpedient.

Example 2. The comparative efficacy of the claimed and known methods for immunotherapy of viral respiratory diseases of calves was determined in a farm that was long-term unsuccessful for viral respiratory diseases in 3 groups of calves 30-45 days old, selected by the principle of analogues, with a pronounced clinic of respiratory diseases. The treatment was carried out according to the following schemes: group 1 — before clinical recovery, serum of animal donors containing hemagglutinins to the PG-3, IRT and VD-BS viruses in titers 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, subcutaneously at a dose of 2 ml / kg body weight with an interval of 48 hours and additionally inside lactobifadol at the rate of 32 × 10 ⁸ microbial cells of bifidobacteria and 4 × 10 ⁷ microbial cells of lactobacilli per head (the claimed method); Group 2 - before clinical recovery, serum of animal donors containing hemagglutinins to viruses PG-3, IRT and VD-BS in titers 1: 1280, 1: 256 and 1: 1024, respectively, subcutaneously at a dose of 2 ml / kg live weight with an interval at 48 hours (analogue method); Group 3 - before clinical recovery, intramuscularly the serum of animals of convalescents in a dose of 2 ml / kg of live weight twice with an interval of 24 hours and an additional intramuscularly 4% solution of gentamicin in a dose of 1.1 ml / kg of live weight 2 times a day. The calves were clinically monitored taking into account the course of the disease, its outcome and relapse. The results are presented in table 3.

Table 3
The comparative effectiveness of the claimed and known methods for the treatment of viral respiratory diseases of calves 30-45 days old Indicators Calf groups 1 - the claimed method 2 - prototype method 3 - basic method The number of calves, goal. 12 12 12 Treatment regimen Animal Donor Immune Serum + Lactobifadol Animal Donor Immune Serum Convalescence animal serum + gentamicin Recover, goal. (%) 12 (100) 9 (75) 11 (91.7) It’s fallen, a goal. - one - Forced killed goal. - - one Duration of the disease, days fifteen eighteen twenty Relapses,% - 10.0 5,0

Studies have shown the effectiveness of including a probiotic preparation in the treatment regimen for viral respiratory diseases of calves (table 3), since the course of viral diseases is often complicated by the development of second microflora. So, in the conditions of the farm in which the experimental studies were carried out, they were isolated (as a percentage of the number of tested samples that tested positive for viral infections) from clinically healthy Salmonella calves (60%), Pasteurella (30%), and diplococcus cultures from patients ( 30%), streptococci (25%), staphylococci (20%), pneumococci (20%) with different virulence. Deciphering the etiological structure of respiratory diseases under conditions of stationary viral infection distress due to latent virus carriage in ill animals and clarifying the role of each infectious agent led to the choice of the probiotic drug lactobifadol. Both types of bacteria that make up its composition belong to the genera of the intestinal resident microflora of the animal body that dominates in number and physiological significance, have pronounced antagonistic activity against putrefactive, pathogenic, and conditionally pathogenic microflora, which provides, in addition to the synthesis of antibiotic substances, hydrogen peroxide, lysozyme , interferon, interleukin competitive adhesion on red blood cells and immunomodulatory effects. The treatment regimen, including the immune serum of animal donors and the probiotic drug lactobifadol, provides an effect on various pathological targets that arise during the course of viral respiratory diseases, which is confirmed by the research results.

Information sources

1. Urban V.P., Naimanov I.L. Diseases of young animals in industrial livestock. - M .: Kolos, 1984. - S.192-196.

2. Infectious diseases of animals. Reference / Comp. Yu.F. Borisovich, L.V. Kirillov; under the editorship of D.F. Ozidze - M .: Agropromizdat, 1987 .-- S.99.

3. Immunoprophylaxis of animal diseases Per. with him. N.B. Chernykh. - M .: Kolos, 1981. - S.274-277.

4. M.A. Sidorov, V.V. Subbotin, N.V. Danilevskaya. Normal microflora of animals and its correction with probiotics // Veterinary medicine. - 2000. - No. 11. - S.17-22.

Claims (1)

Method for immunotherapy of viral respiratory diseases of calves, including immunization with subcutaneous administration of immune serum of donor animals with an interval of 48 hours before clinical recovery, characterized in that they use hyperimmune serum with hemagglutinin titers to IRT 1: 256, to PG-3 1: 1280 and VD -BS 1: 1024 and additionally the probiotic preparation lactobifadol at the rate of 32 · 10 ⁸ microbial cells of bifidobacteria and 4 · 10 ^{7 of} lactobacilli.