RU2287633C1 - Rail-grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; mechanized track instruments.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to light-weight portable machines for grinding web and foot of rail and machining welded rail joint flush with main profile of rail on web and foot after welding at running maintenance and repair of track and it can be used in process of rail welding by rail welding trains and for quick removal of rust and scale from places of connection of rail with fishplates. Proposed rail-grinding machine contains frame with suspension carrying grinding head with motor and housing of drive, spindle with grinding wheel and it protective casing. Suspension is made in form of six-member spatial articulated five-support movable manipulator with horizontal rocker hinge-connected with vertical pin of frame provided with screw clamp, and also with pair of vertical and pair of cross spring-loaded levers connected with each other by four horizontal joints. Input vertical lever in connected with horizontal rocker by vertical joint. Output vertical lever is provided with lock sector and is connected by fifth horizontal joint with frame of grinding head on which lever with lock is hinge-mounted. Spindle connected with shaft of electric motor by clutch is arranged inside housing resting on bearing of housing made integral with bearing shield and equipped with nut, lock and guides brought into translational connection with sliding part of casing spring loaded relative to housing carrying screw turned into above-indicated nut on housing, and two stops provided with horizontal turning axles and arranged symmetrically at edges of casing turning in one plane with periphery of grinding wheel.

EFFECT: improved efficiency owing to enlarged owing to enlarged functional capabilities and higher accuracy of machining at difficult-to-get-at places on surfaces of rail.

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Description

The proposed device relates to mechanized traveling tools, in particular to light portable machines for grinding the neck and sole of the rail, and is intended for processing a welded rail joint flush with the main profile of the rail on the neck and sole after welding in the way of rails of type P50, P65 and P75 at the current maintenance and repair of the railway track; it can also be used in the technological chain of rail welding in the conditions of rail welding trains and, in addition, can be used to quickly remove rust and scale from the joints of the rail with the plates.

A well-known rail grinding machine СЧРА [1], including a frame bearing a grinding head with a drive motor, a spindle with a grinding wheel and its protective casing with stops. This machine is made with the ability to accurately process only the surfaces of the rail head.

Its disadvantage is the low efficiency due to limited functionality due to the inaccessibility to the grinding wheel of most of the surfaces of the neck and sole of the rail.

Also known [2] is a rail grinding machine comprising an electric motor, a spindle, a grinding wheel with a protective casing.

The main disadvantage of this device is the work in the hands of the operator and the low accuracy of processing hard-to-reach surfaces due to the unfixed position of the circle.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a rail grinding machine [3], selected as a prototype, comprising a frame with a suspension bearing a grinding head with an engine and a drive housing, a spindle with a grinding wheel and its protective cover. This machine is made with the ability to accurately process the lower inclined faces of the rail heads, necks, most of the upper edges of the soles and corresponding fillets (curved transitional sections from the heads to the necks and from the necks to the soles).

The device adopted for the prototype, somewhat expanded functionality by performing it with the ability to accurately process the lower inclined edges of the rails, their necks and parts of the upper faces of the soles, as well as fillets. However, most of the surface of the sole for the prototype remains unavailable, which limits the functionality of the machine. The accuracy of surface treatment at this machine is low. At present, rail grinding machines capable of accurately machining all surfaces of the neck and sole of rails are not known.

The aim to which the proposal is directed is to increase work efficiency by expanding the functionality of the machine and improving the accuracy of processing hard-to-reach surfaces of rails lying in the way.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the rail grinding machine containing a suspension frame, carrying a grinding head with an engine and a drive housing, a spindle with a grinding wheel and its protective casing with stops, the suspension is made in the form of a six-section spatial articulated-lever five-moving manipulator with a horizontal beam, pivotally connected to a vertical pin of the frame provided with a screw clamp, as well as to a pair of vertical and a pair of transverse spring-loaded levers connected to each other h three horizontal hinges, the vertical input lever being connected by a vertical hinge to the horizontal beam, and the output vertical lever is provided with a locking sector and the fifth horizontal hinge is connected to the grinding head frame, on which the lever with the locking mechanism is pivotally mounted, the spindle being connected to the motor shaft by a coupling, placed inside the housing and supported by the bearing of the housing, made integrally with the shield of the bearing and equipped with a nut, retainer and guides inserted into the a stupid connection with the slider part of the casing spring-loaded relative to the casing, bearing a screw screwed into the aforementioned nut on the casing, and two stops made with horizontal rotation axes and located symmetrically along the edges of the casing pivot in the same plane with the periphery of the circle.

Schemes of the proposed device - figure 1 ÷ figure 9, where figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the rail grinding machine, the end view of the rail with displaced relative to each other by the frame pin and the output vertical suspension arm; figure 2 is a drawing of a rail grinding machine, a view from the end of the rail; figure 3 is the same side view (rail not shown); figure 4 - grinding head, a view from the end of the rail; figure 5 is the same side view; Fig.6 is a drive in section, a view from the end of the rail (without grinding wheel); Fig.7 is a drive, side view (without grinding wheel); on Fig and 9 - protective casing, side view and top.

According to the proposal (Fig. 1, ..., 3), the rail grinding machine consists of their frame 1 with a suspension 2, carrying a grinding head 3 with an engine (in particular, electric) 4 and a housing 5, a spindle 6 with a grinding wheel 7 and its protective a casing 8 with stops (in particular, two) 9; the frame 1 is mounted on a rail (for example, by means of a screw clamp 10) and is equipped with a vertical pin 11. The suspension 2 is made in the form of a six-link spatial articulated and five-arm manipulator with a horizontal beam 12. The latter is pivotally connected to the vertical pin 11 of the frame 1. Two elements of the horizontal rocker arm 12 by a vertical hinge 13 are connected to the input vertical arm 14. The latter is connected by horizontal (first and second) hinges 15 and 16 to the two (first and second) from above and below m) transverse arms 17 and 18, each of which in turn the horizontal (third and fourth) hinges 19 and 20 connected to the vertical output arm 21.

Figure 2 shows the operating position of the device when the pin 11 with a vertical hinge connecting it to the horizontal beam 12 obscures the vertical output lever 21 with the third and fourth hinges 19 and 20. The levers 14, 17, 18 and 21 form a parallelogram, the links of which are spring-loaded and fixed relative to each other by a pair of springs 22. Nevertheless, the links 12, 14, 17, 18, 21 together with the vertical pin 11 of the frame 1 form a spatial open kinematic chain - a five-movable manipulator, the output link 21 of which carries a grinding head 3 The specified manipulator is made with the possibility of moving (using the handles 23) of the head 3 with the grinding wheel 7 horizontally across and along the rail to be machined, vertically, as well as by turning the head relative to the horizontal longitudinal axis (axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rail) and the vertical axis.

The output vertical lever 21 of the suspension is provided with a locking sector 24 and the fifth horizontal hinge 25 is connected to the frame 26 of the housing 5. The frame 26 is spring-loaded (third spring 27) relative to the vertical output lever 21. An electric motor 4 of the grinding head 3 is installed through the shock absorbers 28 on this frame. With a housing the electric motor 4 is connected by a horizontal hinge to the lever 29 of the retainer 30 of the position of the frame 26 with the head 3 relative to the vertical output lever 21. Sector 24 is made with several - n (in particular, n = five) holes for ksatora that allows the sanding head 3 to change the angle of its position relative to the arm 21 (in particular, within 15 ° × (n-1) = 15 ° × (5-1) = 60 °).

The spindle 6 (see also Fig. 4, ..., 7) is connected to the shaft of the electric motor 4 by a coupling 31. This spindle is placed inside the housing 5 and is supported by a bearing (in particular, rolling) 32. The housing 5 is made integrally with the bearing shield 33 of the electric motor 4. This housing 5 in its lower part is equipped with a nut 34 and a latch of the protective casing 35, fixing the position of the protective casing 8 relative to the housing. The latter is also provided with guides 36. These guides are inserted in a movable translational connection with the slider part 37 of the casing 8, spring-loaded (return spring 38) relative to the housing 5. The casing 8 carries a screw 39, screwed into the aforementioned nut 34 on the housing 5. Screw 39 and nut 34 constitute a screw mechanism for lateral displacement of the casing 8 relative to the housing 5. The casing 5 (see also Figs. 8 and 9) also carries two stops 9 (for example, in the form of rollers) made with horizontal axes of the rotation stops 40 and symmetrically located at the edges of the solution to the fly in one plane with the periphery of the circle 7.

The nodes 14 and 21 are a pair of vertical levers. The nodes 17 and 18 are a pair of transverse spring-loaded levers. The nodes 15, 16, 19, 20 are four horizontal hinges. Six-dimensional spatial articulated lever five-moving manipulator includes a vertical pin of the frame 11, a horizontal rocker 12, the first and second 17, 18, input 14 and vertical output 21 levers.

Before starting work, the grinding wheel 7 is installed on the spindle 6 of the machine using a set of elements of known design. When using a new grinding wheel 7, the dimensions of which match the dimensions of the elements of the protective casing 8, releasing the latch 35 of the protective casing, displacing the casing 8 relative to the housing 5 (with the corresponding interaction of the guides 36 and the sliding part of the casing 37) in the extreme (in Fig.1, 2 - left) position, compressing the return spring 38. So set the initial maximum the first "departure" of the grinding wheel 7 from the solution of the protective casing 8 with respect to the stops 9 (by the "departure" is meant the distance from the extreme (left in Fig. 1, 2) point of the grinding wheel 7 to the line connecting the extreme (left in Fig. 9) stop points 9, consistent with the height of the weld).

Next, the electric motor 4 of the device is turned on and the rotation is transmitted to the spindle 6 with the grinding wheel 7 through the coupling 31. They are let down (by turning the vertical output lever 21 relative to the first and second levers 17 and 18 in the first and second horizontal joints 19, 20 and the first and second levers 17, 18 relative to the input vertical lever 14 in the first and second horizontal joints 15, 16) the grinding wheel 7 to the weld and grinding is performed until the grinding surface is aligned with the main rail profile and touches it 40. Recent pore protect from the effects of the main profile of the grinding wheel 7, providing high accuracy of operation. When grinding the above turns, press the grinding wheel 7 to the seam with a normalized force. In the process of grinding with the above-mentioned rotations, as the “smoothing” of the weld seam is displaced, the head 3 is moved down with the grinding wheel 7, passing from the upper fillet to the neck, lower fillet, upper and side surface of the sole. At the same time, processing the plane of the rail neck and fillets (radii), as necessary, to ensure the most convenient position of the grinding head 3 and grinding wheel 7, the latch 30 (using the latch 29 when turning the frame 26 relative to the fifth horizontal hinge 25 on the vertical output lever 21 - rotation is facilitated by a third spring 27) rearranged into different holes of the securing sector 4. By moving from one opening of the securing sector 24 to an adjacent one, the head is tilted with a circle, in particular 15 °. To intensify the process, small reciprocating displacements of the circle relative to the weld are realized. When processing the bottom of the rail along the lower plane, the latch 30 is installed in the lowermost hole of the sector of the latch 24, providing a circle to this hard-to-reach surface.

When the grinding wheel is worn, the electric motor 4 is turned off, the lock 30 is released and the screw 39 in the nut 34 is rotated, displacing the casing 8 relative to the casing 5 (when the sliding part of the casing 37 interacts with the guides 36) - Figs. 1, 2 from left to right until the grinding comes into contact circle with a seam and stops 9 with the main rail profile. The specified spring is facilitated by the return spring 38. Then, the latch 30 is brought into operation, the electric motor 4 is activated and the operation is continued similarly to the one described above.

Having processed one half of the rail, turn off the electric motor 4 and, lifting the grinding head 4 behind the handle 23 (manipulating, as described above) above the rail head, turning the horizontal rocker 12 relative to the vertical pin 11 transfer the head to the opposite side of the rail (without detaching the frame 1 from the rail )

At the end of the work, the electric motor 4 is turned off, and the frame 1 is disconnected from the rail.

A prototype was manufactured and tested with the following parameters: the nominal power of the machine motor is 1700 W, the largest peripheral speed of the grinding wheel with a diameter of 0.25 m and a thickness of 0.032 m is 40 m / s, the largest circle travel in the longitudinal direction is 0.1 m. Machine has a mass of 55 kg, overall dimensions 0.6 × 0.8 × 0.9 m. Its quality is quite high and is characterized by the ratio of idle power to rated engine power equal to 0.16 ± 0.03 (with an ideal value of this ratio ( 0.1 ± 0.04)). The total depth of grinding the weld on average is 2 · 10 ^-3 m; the seam was “removed” in about 10 passes of the circle. The technological processing time for the neck and sole was 12 minutes with a feed force of the circle (125 ± 25) N provided by the operator. Tests showed that the number of loading cycles before a crack appeared in the case of grinding the sole and neck in the weld zone averaged 740,600 cycles, and without grinding only 560,700 cycles. Moreover, for a polished rail, a fatigue crack did not form in the grinding zone at all, but outside the weld, while in the absence of grinding, this crack began to develop from the risks that formed on the surface after removal of the burr. For polished rails, the static breaking load was 1920 kN, and for rails without grinding - 1870 kN. The hardness of the rail in the grinding zone remained within the limits established by the standards. The data obtained indicate the effectiveness of grinding the rail metal after welding with the proposed device - the fatigue strength of the metal in the weld zone after the grinding operation is increased by 1.3 times due to a decrease in the concentration of stresses on the rail surface (in comparison with the use of the prototype).

Thus, the proposed embodiment of the machine with a suspension in the form of a five-movable six-arm manipulator, with a rotary, relative to the output link of the manipulator, a grinding head and with a protective casing displaced relative to the head housing, equipped with stops, provides, as indicated above, the possibility and increased accuracy of processing the neck and sole rail along the entire contour, which extends the functionality of the machine and, ultimately, increases its efficiency.

Information sources

1. Track power tool: Handbook / Ed. V.M. Bugaenko, R.D. Sukhikh - M .: Transport - S.146, Fig. 6.16, 6.17.

2. Track power tool: Handbook / Ed. V.M. Bugaenko, R.D. Sukhikh - M .: Transport - S.129, Fig. 6.1.

3. Rail grinding machines: Zheismar catalog, 1993, machine MS9, C3.

Claims (1)

A rail grinding machine containing a suspension frame carrying a grinding head with an engine and a drive housing, a spindle with a grinding wheel and its protective casing, characterized in that the suspension is made in the form of a six-section spatial articulated lever five-movable manipulator with a horizontal beam, pivotally connected to a vertical beam frame equipped with a screw clamp, as well as with a pair of vertical and a pair of transverse spring-loaded levers connected to each other by four horizontal hinges Irami, and the input vertical lever is connected by a vertical hinge to the horizontal beam, and the output vertical lever is provided with a locking sector and the fifth horizontal hinge is connected to the frame of the grinding head, on which the lever with the lock is pivotally mounted, while the spindle connected to the motor shaft by a coupling is located inside housing and supported by the bearing housing made integrally with the shield of the bearing and equipped with a nut, retainer and guides inserted into the translational connection with the floor the zoon part of the casing spring-loaded relative to the casing, bearing a screw screwed into the aforementioned nut on the casing, and two stops made with horizontal rotation axes and located symmetrically along the edges of the casing pivot in the same plane with the periphery of the grinding wheel.

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