RU2285602C1 - Metal cutting high-speed five-coordinate center with tripod-module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metal working, namely metal cutting machine tools, particularly construction members of such machine tools.

SUBSTANCE: rest of spindle is in the form of vertical prism mounted by its movable supports on guides secured to cross piece and joined with cross motion drive. Faces of prism mutually inclined by 120° are rigidly joined one to other and made in the form of flat plate carrying on inner surface motion module. Carriage of motion module is provided with lug for jointly coupling with triangular tie rod in the form of two rods whose upper ends are secured to fork coupled with lug through axle. Lower end of tie rod is joined with base of spindle head in such a way that three tie rods with modules form tripod-module for moving and controlling position of base of spindle head.

EFFECT: simplified design of rest of spindle at keeping high dynamic and accuracy parameters.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to metalworking, more specifically to metal-cutting machines, in particular to structural elements included in the general layout, namely to devices carrying working spindles, and can be used in numerically controlled machines designed for complex machining of prismatic and volumetric complex aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding and other industries, including bulky bulk dies, molds, master models, to improve and x performance and increased productivity.

State of the art

Known metal-cutting machines for complex five-axis machining, containing a vertical main spindle with a spindle head at its lower end, a bed having a base, a supporting system for installing the main spindle, including a crosshead made O-shaped and mounted horizontally mounted on rails on the upper surface of the bearing system for movement along the first axis, the carriage mounted horizontally movably on the beam and guided by a pair of rails mounted on the beam for movement along the second axis perpendicular to the first axis, a table with fixing devices mounted on the base of the bed to clamp the workpiece (part), while the main spindle is mounted inside the carriage with a slider for movement on guides along the third axis (vertical Z), perpendicular to the first and to the second axes, an automatic tool changer, including a rotary and axially movable disk magazine with tool slots (See EP No. 1116548, B 23 Q 1/01, 2001, Utility Model of the Russian Federation No. 38126, B 23 Q 1/01 , 2004)

At the same time, in the machine according to the patent of the Russian Federation for a utility model, the bed is made with a fixed table and a supporting system for installing the main spindle, including four vertical columns made with a closed cross section in the form of a rectangle, fixed lower ends rigidly on the base of the bed at its corners, and bearing at its upper ends, a frame rigidly connected to them, made of a welded box-shaped structure, a cross-arm is mounted on the upper surface of the frame, and the spindle head is made obliquely-rotatable and consisting of a bracket that rotates around a vertical axis, and a housing with a built-in spindle motor and a tool fixing device located inside the bracket, deviating up and down from the horizon, while the bracket is rotated and the housing is deflected using the same drives.

Known metal-cutting machines, with high accuracy, have significant metal consumption, which increases their cost.

Known tripod modules used in machine tools for installing and controlling the movement of the spindle supports.

These include, for example, a tripod-bearing device having a stationary frame and a support device (platform), movable relative to the frame, and associated braces that are adjustable in length, connected to the frame and platform using hinges having two rotational degrees of freedom, and which is equipped with a control device for controlling the rotation, interacting with rotary drives associated with an individual brace to rotate the corresponding brace hinge on the side of the supporting device. (See EP 1068044, B 23 Q 1/54, 2001).

The disadvantages of this design is its complexity and, as a consequence, the high cost.

Known metalworking machine equipped with a tripod module. In it, the device for supplementing the parallel structure is designed to provide positioning and displacement of the movable element (platform) containing at least one fixed element, one movable element (platform), and at least three actuators including interconnected fixed part and movable part (carriage), each carriage is connected to the platform by two rods fixed by hinges at one end to the carriage and to the other on the platform. The device is equipped with a protective wall separating the mechanism from the processing zone and allowing the vertical movement of the guide module perpendicular to the (horizontal) axis of the spindle. The drives are made with linear motors connected with guides mounted on the machine frame.

The frame is made of a three-dimensional rod structure with a triangular cross section, inside of which there are symmetrical beams on which the drives are mounted. (See EP 1082191, B 23 Q 1/54, 2001).

A similar device is also presented in European patent No. 1245349, B 23 Q 1/54.

The above devices are also characterized by design complexity.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop such a high-speed metal-cutting five-axis machining center, which would have a simple design of the spindle caliper while achieving high dynamic and precision characteristics.

In addition, the machine should have less metal consumption, which, together with the simplification of the design should ensure a reduction in its cost and simplification of operation, consume less energy.

The problem is achieved in that in a high-speed metal-cutting five-axis machining center with a tripod module, mainly for complex machining of parts, containing a spindle support with a spindle head, a bed supporting the system for installing and moving the spindle support along the first and second perpendicular horizontal axes, including a crosshead made O-shaped and mounted horizontally movably on rails on the upper surface of the supporting system, table for installation and fastening For the preparation of the workpiece (part), the spindle caliper is made in the form of a hollow vertical prism mounted by movable bearings on rails mounted on the beam and connected to the transverse drive, each of the three faces of the prism located at an angle of 120 ° to each other and rigidly interconnected, made in the form of a flat plate, bearing on the inner surface a motion module, the carriage of which is equipped with an eye for swiveling a rod made of a triangular shape in the form of two converging rods and fixed by the upper ends to the fork, connected by an axis to the eye, and the lower end of the rod by a universal joint is connected to the base of the spindle head so that three rods with motion modules form a tripod module for moving and controlling the position of the base of the spindle head.

Moreover, the faces of the prism carrying the motion modules are interconnected by additional faces made in the form of plates, and all the faces of the prism at the lower end are connected by a plate equipped with a slot in the center for the passage of the rods, and the faces are interconnected by an overlay on the upper end of the prism.

This embodiment of a high-speed metal-cutting five-axis machining center makes it possible to simplify its design and operation, to reduce the cost and operating costs.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 - shows a General view of a high-speed metal-cutting five-axis machining center when viewed from the side with a longitudinal section along the X coordinate;

- Figure 2 - shows a cross section of the center on DD DD of figure 1, along the coordinate U;

- Figure 3 - shows a longitudinal section aa of figure 2;

- Figure 4. - shows a section bB of figure 2;

- Figure 5 - shows a section bb In figure 2.

The implementation of the invention

The center (Figs. 1, 2) structurally consists of two beds 1, 2, a support system for installing and moving the spindle support along the first and second perpendicular horizontal axes, including a traverse made O-shaped and mounted horizontally movably on rails on the upper surface of the carrier systems, a table for installing and securing the workpiece (parts).

The supporting system is made in the form of racks 3 mounted on the beds 1, 2, two beams 4 with guides 5 are fixed to the upper planes of the racks to move the beam 6 (X coordinate). The movement is carried out from two synchronously operating linear actuators 7.

When viewed from above, the traverse has an O-shaped structure, inside of which the spindle support 9 moves with the spindle head 18 (coordinate Y).

The spindle support 9 is made in the form of a hollow vertical prism mounted by movable supports on rails mounted on a traverse and connected with a transverse drive, each of the three faces of the prism located at an angle of 120 ° to each other and rigidly interconnected, made in the form of a flat plate supporting a motion module on the inner surface, the carriage of which is equipped with an eye for swivel connection of a rod made of a triangular shape in the form of two converging rods and fixed to the top and ends on a fork connected by an axis to the eye, and the lower end of the rod by a universal joint is connected to the base of the spindle head so that three rods with motion modules form a tripod module for moving and controlling the position of the base of the spindle head.

Structurally, the spindle support 9 is made in the form of a hollow hexagonal prism mounted vertically inside the beam. Each face is a slab, three of which the main 26 are located at an angle of 120 ° to each other and carry motion modules on them, and the other three - additional faces 27 - are made in the form of plates and serve for rigid connection of the main faces of the prism with each other using screws 28.

In the lower part of the spindle support 9, the faces of the prism are rigidly connected by a plate 29, on which movable supports are fixed in the form of roller blocks 30, moving along guides 8 mounted on the lower plane of the beam 6 (coordinate Y), and in the upper part of the support of the spindle 9, the faces of the prism are connected pad 35. The movement of the spindle caliper is carried out from two synchronously operating linear actuators 36.

Three motion modules 19, located on the inner surfaces of the three main faces of the spindle caliper, together with the suspension form a tripod on parallel kinematics (Figs. 3, 4, 5) for the spindle head 18. Each motion module consists of a motion block, a suspension made in the form eyes 14, rods 15 and lower hinge 16 with three degrees of freedom. The plate 29 is provided in the center with a slot for the passage of the rods.

The movement unit includes a carriage 10 provided with an arm 13 with an eye 14 for pivotally connecting the rod 15. The carriage 10 is made with roller blocks 31 moving along guides 11 fixed to the face 26.

The primary part of the electric drive 32 is fixed to the carriage 10, the electrical signals of movement are supplied to the windings of the electric drive, and its secondary part 33 (permanent magnets) is fixed on the plate 26.

Together, these parts 32 and 33 form a linear actuator 12.

The rod 15 serves as a link between the carriage 10 (through the hinge 14) and the hinge 16. Structurally, to increase the rigidity, the rod is made of rods in the form of pipes and has the shape of an isosceles triangle, its base fixed by the upper ends of the pipes on a fork connected by an axis to the eye 14, forming hinge made on roller bearings 34 and having one degree of freedom.

In the lower part of the rod (the top of the triangle) is fixed hinge 16, which has three degrees of freedom.

Structurally made in the form of a cardan joint having rotations around two intersecting axes and rotating around a third axis passing through the intersection point of the first two. The design of the hinge 16 is easily movable and is made on roller bearings.

To the three hinges 16, the base of the spindle head 17 is fixed, carrying an electrospindle with a tool 37.

With the uniform simultaneous movement of the three carriages 10, a plane-parallel movement of the plate 17 with the electric spindle 18 in the vertical direction (coordinate Z) occurs.

With uneven or non-simultaneous movement of any of the three carriages 10, the plate 17 rotates with the electrospindle 18 relative to its horizontal position with simultaneous possible movement along the Z coordinate.

Actual displacements of the working bodies of the center along the coordinates X, Y and Z are controlled by position feedback sensors (not shown in the drawings).

The center has a tool magazine 20 for automatic installation and change of tools in the spindle, as well as a laser sensor for monitoring the length and diameter of the tools 21.

The center is controlled by a numerical control device (CNC) 22 based on an industrial computer with the Windows NT 4.0 operating system.

It has a special board with a high-speed optical interface (Sercos) for communication with drives and an interface for controlling input / output modules of discrete and analog signals.

It has an expanded set of functions and commands, as well as the ability to integrate user programs written in C ++ (for example, coordinate transformation for non-standard machine kinematics).

The center has two conveyors for cleaning chips 23 located on both sides of the table 24 for installing and securing the part.

The power supply to the working bodies and electric drives of the center feeds is carried out by flexible cable-bearing chains 25.

At the center, surfaces can be milled with end, end and shaped mills, drilled, cored and drilled, as well as product measurements. Thanks to this, the center can carry out complex machining of large-sized products of single, double and alternating curvature, including volume dies and molds, master models, foundry models, etc.

The center operates as follows.

The workpiece is mounted and fixed on a fixed table 24. The working bodies are in the initial positions to start processing in accordance with figure 1. The control program is entered in the CNC 22 with a magnetic medium (diskette) or in another way. If necessary, its graphical working out is viewed on the CNC screen (without movements of the working bodies in coordinates), it is possible to adjust the program according to the results of graphical working out.

The buttons from the CNC control panel turn on the electric drives, the state of which is automatically tested, at the same time turn on the hydraulic power station, the oil-air lubrication station for the spindle bearings, the guide station lubrication station, the cooling station for the electric spindle and linear feed drives.

After receiving answers about the readiness of these systems, permission is given to exit to the starting positions in coordinates and launch the part processing program. Initial provisions are specific permanent provisions of the working bodies in which they are established before the start of processing and from which the processing program is calculated.

In the reset mode, the working bodies are installed in these positions according to the electrical labels of the feedback sensors.

After starting the program from the CNC button, the electrospindle goes to the tool change point. The first tool is removed and mounted in the spindle from the magazine 20. During a tool change, the laser sensor for monitoring the length and diameter 21 measures the true dimensions of the tool and transmits it to the CNC.

Three-coordinate processing is carried out by movements of the working bodies: traverse 6 (X coordinate), transverse carriage 9 (Y coordinate) and uniform simultaneous movement of three motion modules (Z coordinate).

In the five-coordinate processing, the movements of the three motion modules, controlled by the CNC with the help of special mathematical software that implements the movements along the Z coordinate and the plate rotations around the horizontal axes A and B, are added to the movements along the X and Y coordinates

After processing the part with the first tool, the electrospindle goes to the tool change point, the tool is changed in the spindle and the above cycle is repeated.

When installing the probe in the spindle, the center can be used as a measuring machine.

During the tool change, the tool cone and spindle are cleaned, as well as clamp control.

Simultaneously with the beginning of the processing, the conveyors for chip cutting 23 are turned on.

In Fig.1, 2 dash-dotted lines show the extreme positions of the working bodies of the center (spindle 18-18 ').

The advantages of the center are:

- simplification of the design due to the absence of gear drives and ball screw drives in the feed drives;

- reduction of metal consumption due to the use of structural elements of parallel kinematics (3Z-module);

- reduction of energy consumption for operation while achieving high dynamic characteristics of the executive bodies of low metal consumption.

Claims (2)

1. High-speed metal-cutting five-axis machining center, mainly for complex machining of parts, comprising a spindle support with a spindle head, a bed, a supporting system for installing and moving the spindle support along the first and second perpendicular horizontal axes, including a crosshead made of an O-shaped and mounted horizontally movably mounted on guides, on the upper surface of the supporting system, a table for installing and securing the workpiece or part, characterized in that the caliper the index is made in the form of a hollow vertical prism mounted by movable supports on rails mounted on a traverse and connected with a lateral movement drive, while the faces of the prism are located at an angle of 120 ° to each other, are rigidly interconnected and made in the form of a flat plate bearing on the inner surface, a motion module, the carriage of which is equipped with an eye for a hinged connection of a rod made of a triangular shape in the form of two converging rods and fixed with its upper ends on a fork connected Sue the eye, and the lower end of the rod universal joint connected to the base of the spindle head to form a three rods modules tripod movement module to move and control the position of the headstock base. 2. The high-speed metal-cutting five-axis machining center according to claim 1, characterized in that the faces of the prism carrying the motion modules are interconnected by additional faces made in the form of plates, and all the faces of the prism at the lower end are connected by a plate provided with a slot for passage in the center rods, and on the upper end face the faces are interconnected by an overlay.

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