RU2284859C1 - Method for destructing of material and machine for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process and equipment for crushing of materials having different mechanical properties.

SUBSTANCE: method involves charging, grinding and discharging material, with charging of material being provided through central apertures of disks rotating in opposite directions into drop-shaped apertures which in conjunction define apertures of variable geometric shape in order to provide for volumetric compression in each of said apertures; establishing value of fraction of ready product defined by gap between disks. Machine has casing, inlet and outlet branch pipes, rotors with disks mounted for rotation in opposite directions. Drop-shaped apertures are formed in each of said disks, except for lower disk, said apertures being arranged circumferentially and in equally spaced relation from one another. Central apertures provided axially and centrally of disks on rotors are communicating with drop-shaped apertures, with number of drop-shaped apertures being at least tree. Gap between disks may be adjusted.

EFFECT: increased grinding efficiency.

4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the destruction, grinding, crushing and grinding of materials with various mechanical properties.

A crusher is known in the art, containing disks rotating in a housing into which crushing material is supplied. The disks are driven into a more uniform crushing compared to other known crushers in which the disks rotate at the same peripheral speed (FR 2015544, 1970).

The disadvantage of such a crusher is the rapid wear of parts and the limited particle size distribution.

Known disk refiner containing two disks rotating in opposite directions (US 1133330, 1965).

The disadvantages of this device is that it does not allow to obtain the destruction of materials with various mechanical properties and high energy consumption.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of crushing a material, including loading, crushing and unloading (RU 2044563, 1995).

Closest to the claimed machine for crushing material is a machine containing a housing, inlet and outlet nozzles, rotors in the form of disks mounted for rotation in opposite directions (RU 2044563, 1995).

The disadvantages of this method and machine for crushing include the low efficiency of the crushing process.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the crushing process.

This task is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of crushing the material, including loading, crushing and unloading, in which, when loading the material through the central holes of the disks rotating in opposite directions, they are fed into the holes, droplet-shaped (as shown in Fig. 3), together forming openings of variable geometric shape, to ensure its volumetric compression in each of them, and the size of the finished product fraction is set by the size of the gap between the disks. Rotation of the rotors may be asynchronous.

This problem is achieved by the fact that the machine for crushing material by the method according to claim 1, comprising a housing, input and output nozzles, rotors with disks mounted to rotate in opposite directions, in disks, except the lower one, in a circle at an equidistant distance from each other holes are made in the form of droplets, forming multifaceted openings of variable geometric shapes, and central holes are made along the axis of the rotor disks along their axis, which are in communication with the holes in the form of droplets, the number of a drop-shaped aperture of at least three, and the gap between the disks is adjustable.

Drop-shaped holes can be made at an equidistant distance from the center and edge of the disk.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 - presents the kinematic diagram of the device;

figure 2 - arrangement of rotors;

figure 3 is a section along aa of figure 2;

figure 4 is a section along bb In figure 3;

figure 5 is a section along BB of figure 2;

in Fig.6 is a section along G-D of Fig.5.

According to the proposed method, the material through the loading pipe enters the holes made in the disks.

In the process of rotation of the disks in multifaceted openings, sections are formed that form a column of material (figure 2). The material in each element opening undergoes compression (compression) and shear to the epicenter of the volume, while there is a mutual engagement of the material and its volumetric compression.

Material due to inertial forces rushes to the perimeter of geometric openings and at the same time changes the trajectory of movement. Sections of material in the intermediate sections are triangles. The material is crimped in horizontal layers along the tier sections.

Alternating stresses and volumetric compressions create forces that subject the material to intense destruction.

The machine contains a housing 6, input 7 and output 8 nozzles, rotors with disks 9 (figure 1). The minimum number of rotors must be at least three.

As an example, the machine consists of five rotors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, (FIG. 2), of which the first, third and fifth rotors rotate in one direction, and the second and fourth rotors in the other direction.

In each disk (except for the lower one - the first one), droplet-shaped openings 12 are made in a circle at an equidistant distance from each other.

Moreover, in the third and fifth rotor in the center of the disk, a central hole 13 is made along its axis, which is in communication with the droplet-shaped holes (as shown in FIG. 5).

The most optimal size of a drop-shaped hole is 1/3 of the diameter of the disk and its equidistant location from the center and edge. This arrangement and size contribute to the best formation of the material column and maximum productivity.

The machine operates as follows.

After loading through the inlet pipe, the material is fed into the holes made in the disks, together forming vertical openings of variable geometric shape to ensure its volumetric compression in each of them, which leads to the destruction of the material, and the size of the finished product fraction is set by the size of the gap between the disks. With this design of the rotors, the material loaded into the device is crushed to the desired fraction and fed out. Rotation of the rotors, as an option, can be performed asynchronously.

Thus, the invention provides:

- the grinding ratio, which reaches up to 100,000 times in one stage, with a productivity of 1 kg to 50 tons per hour;

- the machine can be used as a crusher and as a mill;

- there is no need to use screens and screens to obtain the desired fraction;

- the finished product can be produced with any given particle size distribution;

- the possibility of the destruction of several materials at once with different mechanical properties, while the product is obtained with uniformly distributed particle size distribution;

- energy costs are (1-9) kilowatt / hour per ton;

- the destruction of almost any solid material;

- simplicity of design;

- operating costs are significantly lower compared to traditional;

- machines do not need foundations, can work in motion.

Claims (4)

1. A method of crushing a material, including loading, crushing and unloading, in which, when loading, the material is fed through the central openings of the disks rotating on opposite sides into the droplet-shaped (as shown in FIG. 3) openings that together form openings of variable geometric shapes to provide its volumetric compression in each of them, and the size of the finished product fraction is set by the size of the gap between the disks. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the disks rotate asynchronously. 3. The machine for crushing material by the method according to claim 1, comprising a housing, inlet and outlet nozzles, rotors with disks mounted for rotation in opposite directions, characterized in that in the disks, except the lower one, in a circle at an equidistant distance from each other holes are made in the form of droplets, forming multifaceted openings of variable geometric shapes, and central holes are made along the axis of the rotor disks along their axis, which are in communication with the holes in the form of droplets, with the number of openings of the droplet shaped at least three, and the gap between the disks is made adjustable. 4. The machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the droplet-shaped holes are made at an equidistant distance from the center and edge of the disk.

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