RU2282353C1 - Wasp and hornet elimination means and method for controlling the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: wasp and hornet elimination means is bait adapted for placing into trap. Said means contains sugar, yeast, and filler, with wheat grits, ground bread hardtacks, flour or mixture thereof with fruit powder being used as filler and taken in the ratio of 1:1. Said means also contains surfactants such as sulfonol, sodium tripolyphosphate and the like. Toxic bait contains less than 1 wt% of diazinone. Method involves solving bait in effective amount of water; pouring in trap; hanging traps on plot, with number of traps constituting 1-2 pieces per 100 m² of plot.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of wasp and hornet elimination means.

3 cl, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to a tool for the destruction of wasps and hornets outside the living quarters during the period of their greatest aggressiveness towards humans and mammals, as well as to honey bees in apiaries, namely, a bait placed in a trap for catching wasps and hornets in garden plots and apiaries during their massive summer.

It is known that throughout the warm season, working individuals of wasps and hornets feed larvae with protein food, the basis of which are insects. Thus, they are the regulators of the number of many insects harmful to humans, and in this sense they are certainly useful, destroying numerous pests of gardens, vegetable gardens and other green spaces.

Adult wasps themselves are vegetarians, so they are attracted to sources of carbohydrates - flowers, vegetable juice, sweet secretions of sucking insects. Typically, in the beginning and middle of summer, working wasps, caring for growing larvae, are content with nectar. But at the end of the season, the number of worker wasps near human dwellings and in gardens is noticeably increasing. In search of sweet food, wasps become especially aggressive. It is then that the risk of being stung for people increases. In addition, wasps can cause great harm to honey bees in the apiary, penetrating hives, stealing honey, as well as attacking bees and sucking nectar from them.

In this regard, the reduction in the number of working wasps at the end of the life cycle of their colony becomes a necessary measure in order to protect humans and bees from their harmful effects. The reduction in the number of working wasps during this period will not do much harm to the population of these useful hymenopterans, and in the environmental aspect is quite acceptable, which cannot be said about catching the queens in spring or autumn. Catching of uterus can lead to a sharp decrease in the aspen population and uncontrolled growth of the plant pest population (PET-Info No. 4, December 2002, pp. 10-15; Information by WaspBane Co UK, 11.21.2002, www.waspbane.co.uk).

To attract and exterminate wasps and their varieties of hornets, various baits are used that are placed in traps of various designs from complex to primitive. The design of traps, as a rule, include elements that impede the exit of insects flying there. For the same purpose, plastic bottles from under mineral water can be used, into which liquid baits are poured no more than 1/3 of the volume.

As for baits, these are the most common food lures, such as sugar syrup, honey, or baits containing synthetic and natural attractants. The composition of the bait may include insecticides such as propocour, karbofos, diazinon and others (Pullman, College of Agriculture and Home Economics Washington State University, 1988.

To combat wasps and hornets in an apiary, 2,4-hexadiene butyrate mixed with insecticides and chemosterilants was proposed as an attractant (Beekeeping, 2000, No. 7, pp. 4-5).

Also known is the use for attracting and exterminating wasps and hornets of peppermint oil in combination with various protein and carbohydrate components ("Controlling wasps, hornets and yellow jackets", information Victor Pest. Com, 11.21.02, www.victorpest.com).

As a liquid bait, various fruit juices are used with the addition of sugar at the rate of 1 teaspoon of sugar per cup of fruit juice. To this effect, 1-2 pieces of meat or fish can be added to this bait. A trap placed in such a trap protects the garden from wasps in the late summer, when these insects are most aggressive ("Gardens Alive", information 11/22/02, www.gardensalive.com). Slices of ripe fruit and liquid soap can be added to the liquid bait in the form of fruit juice or a solution of sugar in water, as well as liquid soap to reduce surface tension, so that wasps trapped in the trap drown faster. If necessary, and the attraction and extermination of wasps in late spring, it is recommended to use a protein bait (meat, fish) (Laters Product Info Bulletin - Wasp Trap, information Later Chemical Ltd, 11.25.02) - prototype.

The aforementioned baits, recommended for use in various company traps, contain components usually available at home at hand, which are loaded into the trap before using it to catch wasps and hornets. Promotional materials contain information on ready-to-use factory-made baits, but their compositions are not disclosed.

The object of the present invention is a ready-to-eat food bait for attracting and exterminating wasps and hornets during their mass summer. The main component of the bait is sugar, an aqueous solution of which attracts wasps and hornets. As experiments have shown, the attractive ability of sugar can be significantly increased by adding yeast to it, since the resulting fermentation products (acetic acid and alcohol) attract wasps and hornets better. At the same time, this smell repels bees. The speed and duration of the bait is determined by the fermentation process. Empirically, the ratios of sugar and yeast were selected, providing the most optimal course of the fermentation process: for 4-10 g of sugar, 0.2-0.5 g of yeast. In this case, the bait begins to act no later than the first four hours after dilution with water, and its duration is at least 5 days. To increase the attracting ability, a fruit flavor (raspberry, apple, pear) in the amount of 1-2% was introduced into the composition of the bait as an attractant. Fruit flavor replaces ripe fruit used as an attractant in the prototype bait. To improve the consumer properties of the bait and give it a salable appearance, a filler is included in the composition of the bait. As fillers with the same result can be used wheat bran, crushed breadcrumbs, wholemeal flour, as well as mixtures thereof with fruit powder, usually in a ratio of 1: 1. The amount of filler may vary from 14.5 to 50 wt.%.

To increase the effectiveness of the bait, a surfactant is introduced, which can be used sulfonol, polyoxyethylated alkyl phenols (OP-10, OP-7), sodium tripolyphosphate (“Surfactants.” Reference edited by A.A. Abramzon. L., "Chemistry", 1979, p. 215).

And finally, an insecticide can be introduced into the bait, for example, diazinon in an amount of up to 1.0 wt.% According to the active substance.

All of the above components of the bait, except for fragrance, which is introduced in small quantities, solid powdered substances, when mixed, they get a homogeneous bulk mass that is easily packaged and retains its properties at ordinary temperature for at least two years. Non-toxic components of the bait are available, inexpensive, produced at Russian enterprises, used for the manufacture of confectionery, perfumery, household chemical goods.

Thus, the first object of the present invention is a tool for the destruction of wasps and hornets in the form of food bait of the following composition, wt.%:

Sugar 42-79 Yeast 2-4 Filler 14.5-50 Fragrance fruit 1-2 Surfactant 1-4 Diazinon Insecticide No more than 1

The bait does not contain protein components of animal origin, which wasps use in early summer for feeding larvae.

Another object of the invention is a method of destroying wasps and hornets in garden plots and apiaries using this bait by placing it in traps. An open plastic bottle with a capacity of 0.5-1.0 liters is used as a trap. 10 g of bait (the amount of bait in one package) is poured onto the bottom of the trap, 100 ml of warm water is added and shaken. The action of the bait appears after 2-3 hours. Wasps attracted by the smell of the bait fall into the trap and die in it upon contact with an insecticide or simply drown if there is no insecticide in the bait. Traps are hung on trees, a fence and other places at the rate of 1-2 pcs per 100 m ² in a calm, shady place no closer than 5 m from the living quarters. Traps are used during the mass summer of wasps, usually from the second half of summer to autumn. Compared with the bait prepared according to the prototype, namely: fruit juice with a sugar content of 8-10% + surfactant + ripe apple slices, the new bait is much more effective and has a selective effect, i.e. attracts wasps and hornets and repels bees and other beneficial insects. As experiments have shown, the use of protein bait during the mass summer of wasps and hornets is ineffective.

The new carbohydrate food lure is easy to use and allows using the available means to implement the most environmentally friendly way to reduce the number of wasps and hornets when it is dictated by the unconditional need to protect your home, garden or apiary from their harmful effects.

Example 1. The selection of the ratio of sugar and yeast

We studied the time before the start of fermentation (h) and the duration of fermentation (days) in 25 experimental variants with different ratios of sugar and yeast. The amount of water (100 ml) is the same for all options. The experiment was carried out in triplicate at room temperature.

The results are shown in table 1.

Table 1 Option No. Fermentation Start Time Fermentation duration Option 1 Sugar 2.5 Yeast 0.1 2 hours 2 days Option 2 Sugar 4 g Yeast 0.1 4 hours 30 minutes 3 days Option 3 Sugar 6 g Yeast 0.1 5 hours 30 minutes 3 days Option 4 Sugar 8 g Yeast 0.1 5 hours 45 minutes 3 days Option 5 Sugar 10 g Yeast 0.1 6 hours 2 days Option 6 Sugar 2.5 Yeast 0.2 4 hours 30 minutes 2 days Option 7 Sugar 4 g Yeast 0.2 3 hours 9 days Option 8 Sugar 6 g Yeast 0.2 3 hours 30 minutes 5 days Option 9 Sugar 8 g Yeast 0.2 4 hours 5 days Option 10 Sugar 10 g Yeast 0.2 4 hours 30 minutes 3 days Option 11 Sugar 2.5 Yeast 0.3 3 hours 3 days Option 12 Sugar 4 g Yeast 0.3 3 hours 40 minutes 7 days Option 13 Sugar 6 g Yeast 0.3 2 hours 10 days Option 14 Sugar 8 g Yeast 0.3 1 h. 20 min. 7 days Option 15 Sugar 10 g Yeast 0.3 1 h. 30 min. 6 days Option 16 Sugar 2.5 g Yeast 0.4 1 h. 30 min. 2 days Option 17 Sugar 4 g Yeast 0.4 2 hours 45 minutes 6 days Option 18 Sugar 6 g Yeast 0.4 1 h. 20 min. 7 days Option 19 Sugar 8 g Yeast 0.4 1 hour 7 days Option 20 Sugar 10 g Yeast 0.4 1 h 10 min 8 days Option 21 Sugar 2.5 Yeast 0.5 1 hour 1 day Option 22 Sugar 4 g Yeast 0.5 1 h 10 min 2 days Option 23 Sugar 6 g Yeast 0.5 1 hour 4 days Option 24 Sugar 8 g Yeast 0.5 1 hour 6 days Option 25 Sugar 10 g Yeast 0.5 1 h 10 min 8 days

According to the results of the experiment, options were selected (7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25), in which sugar and yeast in the proposed proportions (sugar 4-10 g, yeast 0, 2-0.5) provide optimal speed and duration of fermentation. However, options 20, 24, 25 are not economically justified, because at a higher sugar and yeast content (sugar more than 8 g, yeast more than 0.4 g), the speed and duration of fermentation in them are close to the corresponding indices in variants with fewer components. Thus, for the preparation of the bait used options 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19.

Example 2. Preparation of bait (Composition No. 4)

62.7 kg of sugar, 3 kg of surfactant, 3 kg of yeast, 30 kg of filler are loaded into the mixer, mixed for 15-30 minutes. Then a mixture of 1 kg of fruit flavoring and 0.3 kg of diazinone is added gradually to the mixer with constant stirring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The finished product is fed to packaging.

Table 2 presents the various compositions of the bait (No. 1-5) and comparison samples (No. 6-8).

table 2 No. p / p Components The composition of the bait,% of the mass. No. 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 Number 6 Number 7 Number 8 one Diazinon 0 0 0 0.3 1,0 0.3 Fruit juice + surfactant + apple Protein bait (fish slice) 2 Sugar 42.0 62.7 79.0 62.7 42.0 62.7 3 Filler 50,0
(bran) 30.3
(crackers) 14.5 (flour) 30.0 (bran + fruit powder) 50,0
(crackers) 30.0 (crackers + fruit powder) four Yeast 2.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 3.0 5 Fragrance fruit 2.0 (apple) 1,0
(pear) 1,5 (raspberries) 1,0
(pear) 2.0 (apple) Without perfume 6 Surfactant 4.0 OP-10 3.0
tripoli phosphate 1,0 sulfonol 3.0 tripoli phosphate 3.0 OP-7 3.0
tripolyphosphate

Example 3. The study of the effectiveness of the bait for catching wasps and hornets in the field

To study the effectiveness of all baits were tested in the natural conditions of the Moscow region. The test period is July-August (the period of mass summer of wasps and hornets). On a plot of 15 hundred. 10 g of bait were poured onto the bottom of the trap, 100 ml of warm water was added and shaken. Traps were hung at the rate of 1-2 pcs. per 100 m ² , in shady, windless places. The experiment was carried out in 4-fold repetition. The registration of dead insects in traps was carried out after 1 and 10 days.

The results are shown in table.3.

Table 3 Bait The number of dead wasps and hornets / bees, individuals 1st day 10th day Composition No. 1 4.0 / 0 16.5 / 0 Composition No. 2 4.0 / 0 18.0 / 0 Composition No. 3 4,5 / 0 18.5 / 0 Composition No. 4 4.8 / 0 23.0 / 0 Composition No. 5 4.0 / 0 18.0 / 0 Composition No. 6 2.0 / 0 8.0 / 0 Composition No. 7 1.0 / 1.0 6.0 / 4.0 Composition number 8 0,0 / 0 0,5 / 0

From the results it follows that the bait prepared according to the recipes No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 is effective for catching and destroying wasps and hornets, while it is selective for bees and beneficial insects. The action of the bait is already apparent within 1 day after dilution with water and lasts up to 10 days.

The inclusion of diazinon in the composition of the bait increases its effectiveness: in 10 days, an average of 23.0 individuals of wasps and hornets are caught on a bait of composition No. 4.

Increasing the effectiveness of the bait for catching wasps and hornets through the introduction of fruit flavors is shown by comparing compositions No. 1-5 with composition No. 6. In traps with composition No. 5, the number of dead wasps was on average 2.0 individuals on the first day, 8.0 individuals on the tenth day, while in traps with compositions No. 1-5, the number of dead insects averaged more than 4.0 individuals on the first day and up to 23.0 individuals on the tenth day of testing. Bees and beneficial insects were not found in traps.

The influence of the fermentation process on the speed and effectiveness of the bait for wasps and hornets, as well as on its selectivity for bees, can be seen from a comparison of compositions No. 1-5 with composition No. 7.

In traps containing composition No. 7, the number of dead target insects on the first day is 1.0, the bees are 1.0 individual, on the tenth day the number of wasps is 6.0, and the bees are 4.0. Compared with composition No. 7, compositions No. 1-5, which are based on the fermentation process, exhibit an attractive effect faster, their effectiveness is 3-4 times higher.

Protein bait (composition No. 8), unlike carbohydrate baits (compositions No. 1-5), does not show an attractive effect on wasps and hornets during the testing period (July-August). Consequently, during the period of mass summers of wasps and hornets, the use of protein lures is ineffective.

Claims (2)

1. Means for the destruction of wasps and hornets in the form of a trapped food bait containing sugar, attractant and surface-active substance (surfactant), characterized in that it contains fruit flavoring as an attractant, substances selected from the group as surfactant including polyoxyethylated alkyl phenols, sulfonol, sodium tripolyphosphate, additionally contains yeast and a filler selected from the group comprising wheat bran, crushed bread crumbs, flour or a mixture of one of them with fruit powder in the ratio SRI 1: 1, and optionally the insecticide diazinon the following component ratio, wt.%: Sugar 42-79 Yeast 2-4 Filler 14.5-50 Fragrance fruit 1-2 Surfactant 1-4 Diazinon No more than 1 2. A method of combating wasps and hornets in garden plots and apiaries, characterized in that the effective amount of bait dissolved in water according to claim 1 is placed in traps that are placed on a plot or apiary in an amount of 1-2 pieces per 100 m ² .