RU2281451C2 - Device for cleaning outer side of shield of furnace - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises at least one brush device and rod. The ends of the rod is connected with the wrench via a rope-block mechanism. The brush device is made of the cylindrical brush provided with wire cleaning members and mounted for permitting rotation around its longitudinal axis at one of the ends of the frame. The other ends of the frame is provided with the motor of the drive of the brush and has suspension. The tubular member of the suspension defines a cylindrical pair together with the rod. The longitudinal axis of the pair is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the brush and is located above the center of gravity of the brush device.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of cleaning.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to cleaning equipment, and in particular to devices for cleaning vertical surfaces having a large height and area and are in adverse conditions for work, for example, when cleaning the outer surface of the screen (hereinafter: the surface of the screen) of the combustion chamber of a coal-fired boiler during its repair.

Under adverse conditions, dense ash deposits form on the screen surface, which cannot be removed either by increasing the gas velocity or by blowing agents. As a result of this, unproductive heat losses with gases leaving the combustion chamber increase, which reduces the efficiency of the boiler unit. In this case, the screen is cleaned mechanically in the absence of fire in the furnace.

Known hand tools used for mechanical cleaning of the screen surface: scrapers, knives, brushes, ruffs, peaks, crowbars, cutters [1]. The common disadvantages of these tools that reduce their effectiveness are as follows:

- An equipped and safe platform for workers and mechanisms for its movement along the height of the screen and along it are required;

- long-term stay of workers in unsanitary conditions using protective equipment;

- cleaning is possible only after deep cooling of the screen;

- low cleaning performance;

- high costs.

A device is known, the working bodies of which are made in the form of a series of shot throwers, performing a sketch of a metal fraction on the surface of the screen [2]. In the case of a screen with vertical pipes, the shot will ricochet when it hits the screen and unproductively fall down, which significantly reduces the efficiency of using this complex device.

A device is known, the working body of which is made in the form of a sandblasting apparatus, the action of which is based on the supply of jets of compressed air with sand particles suspended in it to the surface to be cleaned [3]. This device can be used to clean the surface of the screen. However, in the case of high-strength dense ash deposits, sand exposure may not be sufficient to quickly or mechanically destroy such deposits, which makes the use of this complex device also ineffective.

Known mechanized tools designed for mechanical cleaning of various surfaces and each made in the form of a brush apparatus containing a cylindrical-shaped brush with cleaning elements and with the possibility of rotation of the brush by means of a drive around its longitudinal axis [4-7]. These mechanized tools are more productive than manual ones, however, in case of cleaning the surface of the screen, they exhibit all the other previously mentioned disadvantages: a mobile and safe platform for workers, unsanitary conditions, cooling the screen, and high costs are required. In this case, the brush with its cleaning elements must be constantly manually pressed to the surface being cleaned and guided along it.

The task to which the invention is directed is to increase the efficiency of work when cleaning the screen of the combustion chamber and improve working conditions and safety. The technical result from the use of the invention lies in the fact that the high-performance working body of the device is controlled remotely, while the cleaning elements are pressed against the vertical surface being cleaned without the worker’s participation in the natural way under the influence of the working body’s own weight, the direction of movement of which along the screen being cleaned is carried out by ourselves screen.

Since the previously described devices are very distant analogues of the device proposed by the invention, the first claim is made without dividing it into restrictive and distinctive parts.

This problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for mechanical cleaning of the outer surface of the screen of the combustion chamber from ash deposits in the absence of fire in the furnace is characterized in that it includes at least one brush apparatus and a rod, each end of which is via a cable block the mechanism is connected with the winch, while the brush apparatus is made in the form of a cylindrical shape of a brush with wire cleaning elements, fixed with the possibility of rotation around its longitudinal axis on one end of the frame, at the other end of which the brush drive motor is fixed. The brush apparatus contains a suspension, the tubular element of which forms a cylindrical pair with the rod, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the brush and higher than the center of gravity of the brush apparatus, and the closest block of each wire-block mechanism is located above the cleaned part of the screen surface and at a distance from it that satisfies condition

a <b

where a is the distance from the vertical that touches the part of the block closest to the brush apparatus that is farthest from the screen to the screen surface that is farthest from it;

b - the shortest distance from a straight line passing through the center of gravity of the brush apparatus and crossing at a right angle the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical pair, to the working ends of the cleaning elements of the brush facing in the opposite direction from this straight line.

The distance between the verticals passing through the blocks of the cable block mechanism closest to the brush apparatus is equal to the length of the rod, and the cleaning elements are made in the form of segments of a steel rope. The device contains two brush devices, while the length of the rod exceeds the total length of the brushes of these two devices, which are fixed on a given section of the rod. In the case of cleaning the screen, consisting of vertically arranged screen tubes with fins, the step of the cleaning elements along the longitudinal axis of the brush, calculated as the distance between the nearest projections of the centers of the working ends of each cleaning element or groups on this longitudinal axis, is equal to the step of the screen pipes, calculated as the distance between the axes of the nearest screen tubes, while at least one brushing device is fixed on the rod with the possibility of its movement along the rod in the process of cleaning the screen surface by an amount equal to half the distance between the axes of adjacent screen tubes. In this case, it is advisable between the main cleaning elements mentioned above along the brush length to perform additional cleaning elements, the distance to the working end of which from the longitudinal axis of the brush l _d satisfies the condition:

l _d = l _o -h,

where l _about - the distance from the longitudinal axis of the brush to the working end of the main element;

h is the depth of the groove formed by two adjacent screen tubes and their floats.

The proposed device is illustrated in the drawing, which shows:

- figure 1 is a view from the combustion chamber on a device suspended in a working position;

- figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1;

- figure 3 is a section bB in figure 2;

- figure 4 is the middle part of the brush, the main view;

- figure 5 is a section CC in figure 4;

- figure 6 is a mounting option of the cleaning element of the brush, node.

A device for mechanical cleaning of the outer surface of the screen 1 of the combustion chamber 2 from ash deposits 3 (Fig. 3) includes brush devices 4 and 5 and a rod 6, each end of which is connected with a winch 9 by means of a cable block mechanism consisting of a rope 7 and a guide block 8 Each brush apparatus 4 and 5 is made in the form of a cylindrical shape of the brush 10 with wire cleaning elements 11 (figure 4), mounted rotatably around its longitudinal axis 12 at one end of the frame 13, at the other end of which the drive motor 14 is fixed 5 brushes 10. The brush apparatus comprises a suspension 16 (FIG. 2), the tubular element 17 of which forms a cylindrical pair with a rod 6, the longitudinal axis 18 (FIG. 1) of which is parallel to the longitudinal axis 12 of the brush 10 and above the center of gravity 19 (FIG. 2) a brush apparatus, which is secured with a locking screw 20 on a predetermined portion of the rod 6. The guide block 8 of each wire-block mechanism is located above the cleaned part of the surface of the screen 1 and at a distance from it that satisfies the condition:

a <b

where a is the distance from the vertical W-W (figure 2), touching the most remote from the screen part of the guide block to the most remote cleaned surface of the screen;

b is the shortest distance from the straight line KK passing through the center of gravity of the brush apparatus and crossing at right angles the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical pair, to the working ends 21 of the cleaning elements of the brush facing in the opposite direction from this straight line.

The distance t between the verticals WW is equal to the length l _{w of the} rod 6, which exceeds the total length of the brushes 10 of the apparatus 4 and 5 and for the present example is expressed by the condition:

l = l _w ≈ 7l _щ ,

where l _u - brush length 10.

The cleaning elements 11 are made of segments 22 of a steel rope. Each segment 22 with its middle part is enclosed in a metal tube 23 and fixed therein by flattening it, and the tube 23 itself is welded to the shaft 24 of the brush 10, which is made hollow. The tube 23 either remains straight and crosses the shaft 24 (Fig. 4) at a right angle, or, having the form of a bracket, is placed on the shaft 24 along its longitudinal axis (Fig. 6). In both cases, the cleaning elements 11 along the length of the shaft 24 are placed evenly with a step d - the distance between the nearest projections 25 of the centers of the working ends 21 of each element or their pairs on the longitudinal axis of the shaft 24 (the same: on the longitudinal axis of the brush).

In the case of cleaning the surface of the screen 1, consisting of vertically arranged screen tubes 26 with fins 27, it is advisable to take the step d of the cleaning elements 11 equal to the step S of the screen tubes 26, calculated as the distance between the axes 28 of the adjacent screen tubes 26 (Fig. 3), and the fixation brush apparatus 4 and / or 5 on the rod 6 to carry out with the possibility of its movement along the rod 6 in the process of cleaning the surface of the screen by an amount equal to half this step S.

When the step S of the screen tubes 26 is more than 50-60 millimeters, it is advisable to carry out the cleaning elements 11 with the main ones with straight tubes 23 and the others with additional tubes 23 in the form of brackets, and subject to the conditions:

l _d = l _o -h,

where l _d and l _about - the distance from the longitudinal axis of the brush (shaft) to the working end of the cleaning element, respectively, additional and main;

h is the depth of the groove formed by two screen tubes and their floats.

In Fig.6, the main cleaning elements are not conventionally shown.

The pendants 16 are in the form of two pairs of usually rigid inclined elements 29, which are pairwise fastened by a tubular element 17 in the upper part, attached to the frame 13 in their lower part and form a triangle with the frame 13 in the cross section of the brush apparatus. The guide block 8 is fixed in the wiring location of the screen tubes 26 under the peeps 30, and the winch 9 is attached to the structure 31. The diameter of the steel cable for the production of treatment elements 11 depends on local conditions, primarily on the thickness of the ash layer 3 and their strength, and usually not exceeds 25 millimeters. The total number of cleaning elements 11 and their placement along the length of the shaft 24 and in its cross section should ensure the interaction of the brush apparatus with the screen in the pressed state only by means of the working ends 21 of the cleaning elements 11. Position 32 (Fig. 2,3) indicates the screen lining with the back side.

The operation of the device is as follows.

), прижимается к экрану 1. Сила N (фиг.2) является равнодействующей сил собственного веса G подвешенной части и направленной к ней под острым углом α силы суммарного растяжения Т канатов 7 и при неработающем положении имеет горизонтальное направление. При одностороннем вращении щеток 10 осуществляется соскабливание очистными элементами 11 золовых отложений 3 с наружной поверхности экрана 1. Одновременно происходит самонастройка щеточных аппаратов так, что основные (длинные) очистные элементы 11 очищают канавки (фиг.3) между смежными экранными трубами 26, а дополнительные - выступающие боковые части экранных труб 26. При этом канавки выполняют функции направляющих, обеспечивающих прямолинейность перемещения щеток 10, а следовательно, и щеточных аппаратов 4 и 5, по экрану 1. Этому способствует равенство шага d очистных элементов и шага S экранных труб, а также фиксация щеточного аппарата с возможностью его перемещения вдоль штанги на половину шага d=S.Initially, in the absence of fire in the furnace below, the brushing devices 4 and 5 are assembled at the bottom of the temporary deck and are installed with locking on the end sections of the rod 6. The device is equipped with two wire-rope mechanisms, by means of which the rod 6 together with the brush devices is brought to a suspended lower position. All this suspended part by a force equal in size and opposite in the reaction direction of the wall N (the same: minus

), is pressed to the screen 1. The force N (figure 2) is the resultant of the forces of its own weight G of the suspended part and the total tensile forces T of the ropes 7 directed to it at an acute angle α and in the idle position has a horizontal direction. When the brushes 10 are rotated one-sidedly, the ash elements 3 are scraped off by the cleaning elements 11 from the outer surface of the screen 1. At the same time, the brush devices are self-adjusted so that the main (long) cleaning elements 11 clean the grooves (Fig. 3) between adjacent screen tubes 26 and the additional ones the protruding lateral parts of the screen tubes 26. In this case, the grooves act as guides that ensure the linearity of the movement of the brushes 10, and therefore of the brush devices 4 and 5, around the screen 1. This is facilitated by the equality of the step d of the cleaning elements and the step S of the screen tubes, as well as the fixing of the brush apparatus with the possibility of its movement along the rod by half the step d = S.

With the parallelism of the ropes 7 (condition l = l _w , Fig. 1), the top of the screen surface 1 being cleaned is as close to the level of the guide blocks 8, if this condition is not met, the top of the surface to be cleaned will be lower.

The device is controlled by the operator from a remote control located in a safe place. The control is carried out by the observer through the flap, which is located on the screen from the opposite side of the screen being cleaned (not shown). By walkie-talkie, the observer sends commands to the operator. As a result of the lifting of the brush apparatuses 4 and 5, each brush 10 cleans the vertical strip of the screen with a width l _u . Then the suspended part of the device with the engines 14 of the brush devices 4 and 5 turned off is lowered down. The brushes 10 are shifted in the direction of each other by the value of l _u and the operation to clean the next vertical stripes is repeated twice. The last (middle) vertical strip of the screen is carried out when placing one brush apparatus on the rod. Further, the entire device is reconfigured to a new portion of the screen on which the length of the rod and, accordingly, the number of vertical strips to be cleaned can be different. This takes into account that the longer the rod 6, the easier it is to keep it when cleaning in a relatively horizontal position.

, величина которого естественным путем изменяется. Производительность такого двухаппаратного устройства без учета перенастройки зависит также от размеров топочной камеры, и для котла П-67 Березовской ГРЭС-1, высота которого более 80 метров, по данным опытного образца, около 40-60 квадратных метров в час. Производительность одноаппаратного устройства соответственно ниже.The lifting speed of the brush apparatus depends on the size of the deposits and their strength, as well as on the clamping force -

whose value naturally changes. The performance of such a two-device device without taking into account the reconfiguration also depends on the size of the combustion chamber, and for the P-67 boiler of Berezovskaya GRES-1, the height of which is more than 80 meters, according to the prototype, about 40-60 square meters per hour. The performance of a single-device device is correspondingly lower.

Used sources

1. Volkovysky E.G., Schuster A.G. Fuel economy in boiler plants. - M .: Energy, 1973, p.102-106.

2. Roddatis K.F. Boiler installations. Textbook for students of non-energy specialties of universities. - M .: Energy, 1977, p. 228-230.

3. Polytechnical Dictionary / Editorial: A.Yu. Ishlinsky et al. - 3rd edition. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989, p.376.

4. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 724121, cl. A 46 B 13/02, publ. 30.03.80.

5. USSR author's certificate No. 1174097, cl. 08 V 1/04, publ. 23.08.85.

6. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2002444, cl. A 46 B 7/10, publ. 11/15/93.

7. US Patent No. 33323160, cl. 15-21, 1967.

Claims (7)

1. A device for mechanical cleaning of the outer surface of the screen of the combustion chamber from ash deposits in the absence of fire in the furnace, characterized in that it includes at least one brushing device and a rod, each end of which is connected via a cable block mechanism to the winch, while the apparatus is made in the form of a cylindrical brush with wire cleaning elements, mounted rotatably around its longitudinal axis at one end of the frame, at the other end of which the brush drive motor is fixed ki, and the brush apparatus contains a suspension, the tubular element of which forms a cylindrical pair with a rod, the longitudinal axis of which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the brush and above the center of gravity of the brush apparatus, and the closest block of each wire-block mechanism is located above the screen surface being cleaned and at a distance from satisfying the condition a <b where a is the distance from the vertical that touches the part of the block closest to the brush apparatus that is farthest from the screen to the screen surface that is farthest from it; b - the shortest distance from a straight line passing through the center of gravity of the brush apparatus and crossing at a right angle the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical pair, to the working ends of the cleaning elements of the brush facing in the opposite direction from this straight line. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the verticals passing through the closest blocks of the cable block mechanism is equal to the length of the rod. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment elements are made in the form of segments of a steel rope. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two brush devices, the length of the rod exceeding the total length of the brushes of these two devices, which are fixed on a given section of the rod. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of cleaning the surface of the screen, consisting of vertically arranged screen tubes with fins, the step of the cleaning elements along the longitudinal axis of the brush, calculated as the distance between the nearest projections of the centers of the working ends of each cleaning element or their groups on this longitudinal axis is equal to the step of the screen tubes, calculated as the distance between the axes of the nearest screen tubes. 6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least the fixing of one brush apparatus on the rod is made with the possibility of moving it along the rod during cleaning of the screen surface by an amount equal to half the distance between the axes of adjacent screen tubes. 7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that its brush contains additional cleaning elements located along the length of the brush between the main cleaning elements, while the distance from the longitudinal axis of the brush to the working end of the additional cleaning element l _d satisfies the condition l _d = l _o -h, where l _o is the distance from the longitudinal axis of the brush to the working end of the main cleaning element; h is the depth of the groove formed by two adjacent screen tubes and their fins.

Images