RU2280182C1 - Gas turbine engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; gas-turbine engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed gas-turbine engine contains housing with fitted-in shaft, compressor, combustion chamber with igniter, turbine and fuel preparation and delivery system. Housing is provided with cover sealing its inlet. Fuel preparation and delivery system is made in form of electrolyzer installed with possibility of supply of direct current to its electrodes, free passing of electrolyte (water solution of electrolyte) through electrolyzer and products of water decomposition formed under action of direct current passing through electrolyte. Electrolyzer is installed before compressor in sealed part of housing. Pumping device and nozzle serve to deliver and atomize water solution of electrolyte in electrolyzer. Nozzle is furnished with cavitator made in form of local contraction of channel.

EFFECT: reduced consumption of fuel, adverse effect on environment.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to aircraft engine building, in particular to gas turbine engines, and can be widely used in engines for various purposes.

Known gas turbine engine (GTE) is a heat engine designed to convert the energy of combustion of fuel into kinetic energy of a jet stream and (or) into mechanical work on the engine shaft. The main elements of a gas turbine engine are a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a gas turbine. For work uses oil fuel. (Borgest N.M. et al. A Brief Glossary of Aviation Terms. - M.: MAI Publishing House, 1992) [1].

The disadvantages of the known engine are high operating costs for oil and high toxicity of exhaust gases.

Closest to the proposed invention is a gas turbine engine containing a housing and a shaft disposed therein, a compressor with guides and rotor blades, a combustion chamber with a flame tube and an ignition device, a turbine with nozzle and rotor blades, and a fuel preparation and supply system. For engine operation, petroleum fuel is used (AS USSR, No. 1329280, F 02 K 3/00, 04/30/1992) [2].

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the high operating costs for oil and high toxicity of exhaust gases. The technical problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency and environmental friendliness of the engine in operation.

The problem is solved in that in a gas turbine engine comprising a housing and a shaft disposed therein, a compressor with guides and working blades, a combustion chamber with a flame tube and an ignition device, a turbine with nozzle and working blades and a fuel preparation and supply system, the housing is made with a cover sealing its entrance, for example, mounted on bolts. The fuel preparation and supply system is made in the form of an electrolyzer, with the possibility of supplying direct current to its electrodes, free passage of an electrolyte (an aqueous electrolyte solution), for example, an aqueous solution of caustic potassium and water decomposition products, when a direct electric current flows through an electrolyte installed before compressor in the sealed part of the housing. Moreover, the pumping device, for example, a plunger, and the nozzle of the fuel preparation and supply system are made for feeding and spraying the electrolyte into the electrolyzer. In this case, the electrolyzer can be made either of metal with holes, for example, of nickel sheet or can be made of metal mesh, for example of nickel, in the form of two half-block electrodes, with their elements fit into each other with a gap. The nozzle may have a cavitator made in the form of local narrowing of its channel.

The invention is shown in the drawing, where in Fig.1 is an engine that converts the energy of combustion of fuel into work on the shaft; figure 2 - in the energy of the jet stream.

An example of the implementation of the proposed solution. The gas turbine engine contains a housing 1 (Fig.1-2) with a cover 2 that seals its entrance, for example, mounted on bolts 3, and a shaft 4 placed in it, a compressor with guides 5 and working 6 vanes, a combustion chamber 7 with a flame tube and a flame device 8, a turbine with nozzle 9 and working 10 blades. The fuel preparation and supply system is made in the form of an electrolytic cell 11 with the possibility of supplying direct electric current to its electrodes, free passage of an electrolyte (an aqueous electrolyte solution), and water decomposition products when direct current flows through an electrolyte installed in front of the compressor in a sealed part of the housing. Moreover, the pumping device, for example a plunger (not shown), and the nozzle 12 are made for feeding and spraying an electrolyte, for example, an aqueous solution of caustic potassium, into the cell. In this case, the electrolyzer can be made either of metal with holes (not shown), or of a metal grid in the form of two electrodes-semiblocks 13 and 14, with its own elements 15 with a gap 16 that fit into each other. The nozzle may have a cavitator (not shown), made in the form of local narrowing of its channel.

The gas turbine engine operates as follows. Before starting the engine, direct current is supplied to the half-block electrodes 13 and 14 of the electrolyzer 11. The work of the guides 5 and the working 6 of the compressor blades in a sealed cover 2 of the housing 1 creates a vacuum. A pumping device (not shown) through a nozzle 12 with a cavitator in the form of a local narrowing of the channel (not shown) under pressure, for example 2 MPa, delivers an electrolyte, for example an aqueous solution of caustic potassium, to the electrolysis cell 11. In the cavitator of the nozzle 12, the electrolyte speed increases and the pressure drops to a critical value leads to dissociation and to the finest atomization of droplets of the electrolyte into the electrolyzer 4. Then, the sprayed electrolyte freely passes through the electrodes-semiblocks 13 and 14 of the electrolyzer, for example, made from the grid and due to anija through DC electrolyte leads to the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen. In this case, an insignificant part of the electrolyte undergoes decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen, the rest of it is converted into water vapor. The resulting decomposition products of water by the guides 5 and the compressor working blades 6 are compressed and fed into the combustion chamber 7. The hydrogen-oxygen mixture entering the combustion chamber 7 is ignited using an ignition device 8. Further, the combustion products expand in the nozzle 9 and working 10 turbine blades, doing the job .

The proposed gas turbine engine in operation is highly economical, environmentally friendly and safe, will be widely used as a power plant for various types of vehicles.

Claims (3)

1. A gas turbine engine comprising a housing and a shaft disposed therein, a compressor with guides and rotor blades, a combustion chamber with a flame tube and an ignition device, a turbine with nozzle and rotor blades and a fuel preparation and supply system, characterized in that the housing is made with a sealing its entrance is a lid, the fuel preparation and supply system is made in the form of an electrolyzer with the possibility of direct current supply to its electrodes, free passage of an electrolyte (an aqueous electrolyte solution) through it and water decomposition products obtained by flowing direct current through an electrolyte installed in front of the compressor in the sealed part of the housing, and the pumping device of the fuel preparation and supply system is configured to supply and atomize the electrolyte into the electrolyzer through a nozzle made with a cavitator. 2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrolyzer is made either of metal with holes, or of a metal grid in the form of two electrodes - semiblocks, with their elements fit into each other with a gap. 3. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle has a cavitator made in the form of local narrowing of its channel.

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