RU2278149C1 - Superlight fuel oil, the method of its production and the device for the method realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petrochemical industry; methods and devices of the superlight fuel oil production.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of petrochemical industry, in particular, to the method and the device for production of the superlight fuel oil. The superlight fuel oil is used as the technological fuel at the industrial enterprises, at heat supply enterprises, and also by the sea and river fleet ships. The superlight fuel oil contains 25-50% of the stabilized gaseous condensate with the contents in it of the fractions C₁-C₄ in the amount of no more than 0.3-1.0 % and the rest is the fuel oil of the furnace brand М100 and-or М40. The method of production of the fuel oil provides for mixing of the heated up to 50°C fuel oil of the furnace brand Ml00 and-or М40 with the stabilized gaseous condensate with the temperature of 20°C under pressure up to 3 atm in the given ratio in the chamber of the components mixing. Then the produced mixture is fed into the emulsification device, where it is subjected to the ultrasonic treatment for production from the fuel oil mixture of the finely dispersed emulsion. The subsequent remixing of two and more streams of the finely dispersed emulsion of the fuel oil mixture with the permanently maintained temperature pf 50-60°C is conducted in the chamber of the intensive mixing due to organization of intermixing by the counter currents under pressure and transportation of the target product into the containers of the accumulators integrated by the system of circulation, subjecting the end product to the constant circulation under the pressure of up to 2 atm and to passing through the emulsification device. The invention also presents the installation of production of the superlight fuel oil, which contains the components supply systems and the mixing chamber. The supply system of the gaseous condensate and the supply system of the fuel oil each contains: the pump; the leak valve and the consumption indicator for the components feeding into the mixing chamber; the ultrasonic emulsification device; the chamber of intensive mixing with the preheating; the accumulator consisting of the container, the leak valve of an end product with the consumption indicator and the leak valve of the feeding of the superlight fuel oil to the customer. The system is integrated with the circulating system. The circulating system includes additional container, the pump, the leak valve, the consumption indicator. The technical result of the invention is the increase of the flowability and the service life of the produced product, improvement of the ecological indexes of the fuel oil per a unit of the heat capacity due to application of the simple production equipment and the optimal composition of the fuel oil.

EFFECT: the invention ensures the increased flowability and the service life of the produced fuel oil product, improvement of ecological indexes of the fuel oil per a unit of the heat capacity.

3 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The group of inventions relates to processes for producing hydrocarbon fuels used as process fuel in industrial enterprises, in heat supply enterprises, and also as fuel on ships of the sea and river fleet.

The composition of fuel oil is known, containing 50-70% of fuel oil and 30-50% of a solarium (See, for example, “Fuel for transport diesel engines” by V. A. Somov and P. P. Botkin, M., p. 320, 1963 ) The disadvantage of this fuel oil is its heterogeneity and wide fractional composition, the presence of non-hydrocarbon high-molecular compounds - resins and asphaltenes, and, as a consequence, high density, and therefore, deterioration of its operational and environmental characteristics.

It is known that fuel oil is used as a prototype, where fuel oil containing gas condensate 16.67-24.81 wt.% And representing a mixture of heavy fractions of hydrocarbons condensing from natural and associated gas at their production, and viscous fuel oil 75.19-83.33 wt.%. (See description to copyright certificate No. 511474, MKI C 10 L 10/00 and F 23 C 1/00, publ. 12.08.76, Bull. No. 15). This fuel oil makes it possible to increase the intensification of the combustion process of viscous fuel oil and to reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in the combustion products. However, the improvement of these indicators of fuel oil does not meet modern requirements for fuel oil. This is a high sulfur content and a low flash point in an open crucible, a low service life when used as a fuel for household needs and is completely unsuitable for fuel on ships of sea and river transport. Therefore, this heating oil is produced directly in the preparation of viscous fuel oil for burning in a single process of preparing fuel oil for burning, and is not produced as a product ready for sale.

A known method of producing fuel oil fuel, including obtaining by the method of paraffin dehydrogenation a hydrocarbon-containing component containing a fraction of α-olefins C ₂₀ -C ₂₆ and mixing them in an amount of 10 vol.% With 90 vol.% Brand M40 fuel oil by mixing them at 60 ° C for 0.5 hours (See the description of the patent RU No. 2148612, example 1. Publication date 05/10/2000, Bull. No. 13). Fuel oil obtained by this method allows to increase the flash point in an open crucible and the stability of the fuel composition to delamination, reduce the sulfur and water content and use only M40 brand fuel oil in the composition of the fuel composition. At the same time, it also has disadvantages such as a relatively high viscosity and density, a high content of asphaltenes, and also an insufficiently high flash point in an open crucible.

Known adopted for the prototype method for producing fuel oil, including obtaining from the waste products of higher linear α-olefins C ₄ -C ₂₀ by ethylene oligomerization and mixing them in an amount of 5 vol.% With 95 vol.% M100 fuel oil by mixing the components at 60 ° C within 0.5 hours (See the description of the patent RU No. 2148612, example 5. Date of publication 10.05.2000. Bull. No. 13). Fuel oil obtained by this method allows to increase the flash point in an open crucible and the stability of the fuel composition to delamination, reduce the sulfur and water content and use only M100 brand fuel oil in the composition of the fuel composition. It also has drawbacks, which are relatively high viscosity and density, high asphaltene content and not enough high flash point in an open crucible.

A known device adopted for the prototype, where to improve the quality of boiler fuel, raw materials are processed in a facility consisting of a component supply system, a heat exchanger, a mixing chamber in a distillation column, a low pressure evaporator and a high pressure evaporator, a heavy raw material furnace and a light raw material furnace, an external reaction chambers and condenser-cooler (See Oil refinery quick reference guide, authors: M.G. Rudin and A.E. Drapkin, “Chemistry”, Leningrad Branch, 1980, p. 96, Fig. 3.4.). Although using this installation it is possible to obtain boiler fuel of improved quality, the installation scheme is quite complex and includes a large number of sophisticated equipment.

The problem that the group of inventions solves is to increase the service life due to simple equipment, reduce the density and increase the time of separation of fuel oil, improve the environment when using a fuel composition in the form of superlight fuel oil in technological and production processes by reducing its the content of sulfur and harmful substances, as well as to reduce coking ability in order to increase the service life when using it as fuel for household needs and fuel on ships th and river transport. Reduce the density from 930 to 850 kg / m ³ at 20 ° C, a viscosity of not more than 2 ° C at 80 ° C in order to simplify transportation, including in the cold season.

The technical result consists in increasing the fluidity and life time of the resulting product, improving the environmental performance of fuel per unit heat capacity through the use of simple technological equipment.

This is achieved by the fact that super-light fuel oil based on fuel oil and gas condensate contains fuel oil of the M100 and / or M40 brand as fuel oil, and contains stabilized gas condensate with a C ₁ -C ₄ fraction in the amount of not more than gas condensate 0.3-1.0 wt.%, With the following ratio of components:

Stabilized Gas Condensate with the content of fractions C ₁ -C ₄ in it amount not more than 0.3-1.0 wt.%   25.0-50.0 wt.% Fuel oil 50.0-75.0 wt.%

This is achieved by the fact that a method for producing fuel oil, comprising mixing heated mazut brand M100 and / or M40 and stabilized gas condensate in a certain proportion, is heating oil with fuel oil temperature of 50 ° C and stabilized gas condensate with a temperature of 20 ° C under pressure up to 3 atm in a given proportion is fed into the mixing chamber of the components, then the resulting mixture enters the emulsification device, where it is subjected to ultrasonic treatment to obtain a finely dispersed emulsion from the fuel mixture, and the following mixing of two or more flows of a finely dispersed emulsion of the fuel mixture with a constantly maintained temperature of 50-60 ° C in the intensive mixing chamber due to the organization of mixing by counter flows under pressure and transportation of the finished product to storage tanks combined by a circulation system, subjecting the finished product to constant circulation under pressure up to 2 atm and passing through an emulsification device.

This is achieved by the fact that the installation for producing super-lightweight fuel oil, consisting of a component supply system and a mixing chamber for them, has a gas condensate supply system and a fuel oil supply system and each contains a pump, a leak valve and a flow meter for supplying components to the mixing chamber, emulsification devices , an intensive mixing chamber with heating, an accumulator consisting of a tank, a finished product tappet valve with a flowmeter, and a super-lightweight fuel oil fuel flow tapping valve, to the consumer gap of a circulating system which comprises the additional container, pump, valve leak valve and a flowmeter. Moreover, the installation contains a steam supply line, and emulsification devices - devices of the type EU-50.000 consist of three cylindrical parts, namely, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe, between which there are several or one screw pair, made in the form of a cylinder with an internal thread and a shaft with an external thread, having in place of a threaded connection multi-start annular grooves with left and right threads in the form of a screw, and inside the inlet and outlet nozzles are placed cantilever on the spring prefabricated bushings without gaps between the turns with the ability to move relative to each other, for the formation of gaps between the turns of the springs for the mixture to pass from the internal volume of the prefabricated bushings into the cavity formed between the outer diameter of the spring and the inner diameters of the pipes, which are separated by the protrusions of the bushings, while the collection sleeve of the incoming pipe has a cylindrical hole and a protrusion in the form of a funnel, and the assembly sleeve of the outlet pipe has a vertical protrusion and a conical hole, tapering in the direction of travel second mixture, wherein the tail portion and sleeves are made blind to navigate, and the sleeves have projections movement possibilities.

Figure 1 - presents a diagram of the installation of cooking fuel oil superlight.

Figure 2 - design of the emulsifier.

Figure 3 is a section aa.

The proposed fuel oil superlight as a component uses hydrocarbon compositions of fuel oil of the brand M100 and / or M40 and stabilized gas condensate with a content of fractions C ₁ -C ₄ in an amount of not more than 0.3-1.0 wt.%, In the following ratio components:

Stabilized Gas Condensate with the content of fractions C ₁ -C ₄ in it amount not more than 0.3-1.0 wt.%    25-50 wt.% Fuel oil  50-75 wt.%

To obtain super-lightweight fuel oil, stabilized gas condensate (OST 51-65-80) in the amount of 25-50 wt.% Is used as a hydrocarbon-containing component for mixing. As a well-known component of fuel oil, superlight fuel oil is used for heating fuel grade M100 and / or grade M40 according to GOST 10585-99 in an amount of 50 - 75 wt.%.

Obtaining fuel oil superlight is produced using the installation (figure 1), consisting of a gas condensate supply system 1, a fuel oil supply system 2, a component mixing chamber 3, an emulsification device 4, an intensive mixing chamber 5 with heating and a storage 6 with a circulation system 7. The gas condensate supply system 1 includes a pump 8, a leakage valve 9, a flow meter 10. The fuel oil supply system 2 includes a pump 11, a leakage valve 12, a flow meter 13. The accumulator 6 consists of a container 14, a leakage valve of the finished product 15 with flow a domer 16 and a fuel leak valve 17 for supplying super-light fuel oil to a consumer. The circulation system 7 consists of an additional tank 18, leakage valves 17, a circulation system pump 19 and an emulsification device 20 located between the tank 14 of the storage 6 and the additional tank 18. The installation includes a steam supply line 21 with a leakage valve 22 for flushing systems.

The practical implementation of the proposed method, including the operation of a super-light fuel oil production unit, is carried out as follows: fuel oil M-100 (M-40) from a fuel oil storage (not shown in Fig.) And stabilized gas condensate according to OST 51-65-80 from the storage gas condensate, each (not shown in FIG.), respectively, through its supply systems 2 and 1: pumps 11 and 8, leakage valves 12, 9 and flow meters 13 and 10 under a pressure of up to 3 atm in a predetermined and declared proportion with fuel oil temperature 50 ° C and gas condensate 20 ° C post ayut components in the mixing chamber 3. The resulting mixture was then enters the device 4 emulgatsionnoe type EI-50,000, where due to ultrasonic vibration occurs preparation of fine emulsions fuel mixture which enters the intensive mixing chamber 5 is heated. At the same time, a similarly prepared second oncoming stream of the finely dispersed emulsion of the fuel mixture enters the intensive mixing chamber 5 with heating in a similar system. In the intensive mixing chamber 5, two counter flows of the fuel mixture under pressure up to 3 atm under additional constant heating up to 50-60 ° C are mixed into a homogeneous finely divided composition, which then enters the tank 14 of the tank 6. The tank 14 of the tank 6 is connected to the finished circulation system product through an emulsification device 20, where under a pressure of up to 2 atm using a pump 19 a circular transfer of fuel from one tank to another is carried out through a system of mixers embedded in emulsification devices SHALL and thus allows a constant uniformity of fuel at the time of transmission to the user, to extend its shelf life, to facilitate loading and transport.

The emulsification device 4, (20) - the emulsifier (figure 2) consists of three cylindrical parts, namely: the inlet pipe 23 and the outlet pipe 24, between which there is a screw pair in the form of a cylinder 25 (figure 3) with an internal thread and a shaft 26 with an external thread, having in place of a threaded connection multi-start annular grooves 27 and 28 of the left and right threads in the form of a screw. And the inlet 23 and the outlet 24 nozzles have springs 29 inside, located cantilever on the prefabricated bushings 30 and 31 with the ability to move relative to each other to form gaps between the turns of the springs for the processed mixture from the internal volume of the prefabricated bushings to the cavity 32 and 33 formed between the outer the diameter of the spring and the inner diameters of the nozzles, separated by the protrusions of the bushings 34 and 35. In this case, the assembly sleeve 30 has a cylindrical hole and a protrusion in the form of a funnel, and the assembly sleeve 31 has a vertical protrusion n and a conical hole, tapering in the direction of the processed mixture. And the tail parts of the bushings are made deaf. Screw pairs in the form of a cylinder 25 between the inlet 23 and the outlet pipes 24 may be several. In figure 2 there are two of them.

All of the foregoing is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Fuel oil of the brand M100 (M40) according to GOST 10585-99 from the fuel oil storage at t = 50 ° C and stabilized gas condensate according to OST 51-65-80 from the gas condensate storage at t = 20 ° C, each through its own supply systems: pumps 11 and 8, leakage valves 12, 9 and flow meters 13 and 10 at a pressure of 3 atm in the ratio of components, wt.%: 75% of fuel oil grade M100 (M40) and 25% of stabilized gas condensate, enter the mixing chamber components 3. The resulting mixture then enters the emulsification device 4 type EU-50.000, where due to ultrasonic vibrating ation occurs preparation of fine emulsions fuel mixture which enters the chamber 5 intensive mixing with heating. At the same time, a similarly prepared second oncoming stream of the finely dispersed emulsion of the fuel mixture enters the intensive mixing chamber 5 with heating in a similar system. In the intensive mixing chamber 5, two counter flows of the fuel mixture under pressure up to 3 atm under additional constant heating up to 50-60 ° C are mixed into a homogeneous finely divided composition, which then enters the tank 14 of the tank 6. The tank 14 of the tank 6 and the tank 18 of the circulation system 7 consist of two identical tanks equipped with a ringed system for circulating the finished product through an emulsification device 20 under a pressure of up to 2 atm using a pump 19. As a result, we obtain super lightweight fuel oil about the properties presented in Table 1.

Example 2. Fuel oil of the M100 (M40) brand according to GOST 10585-99 from the fuel oil storage at t = 50 ° C and stabilized gas condensate according to OST 51-65-80 from the gas condensate storage at t = 20 ° C, each through its own supply systems: pumps 11 and 8, leakage valves 12, 9 and flow meters 13 and 10 under a pressure of 3 atm in the ratio of components, wt.%: 65% of fuel oil grade M100 (M40) and 35% of stabilized gas condensate, enter the mixing chamber components 3. Next is a process similar to example 1. The results are shown in table 1.

Example 3. Fuel oil of the M100 (M40) brand according to GOST 10585-99 from the fuel oil storage at t = 50 ° C and stabilized gas condensate according to OST 51-65-80 from the gas condensate storage at t = 20 ° C, each through its own supply systems: pumps 11 and 8, leakage valves 12, 9 and flow meters 13 and 10 at a pressure of 3 atm in the ratio of components, wt.%: 55% of fuel oil grade M100 (M40) and 45% of stabilized gas condensate, enter the mixing chamber components 3. Next is a process similar to example 1. The results are shown in table 1.

Example 4. Fuel oil of the brand M100 (M40) according to GOST 10585-99 from the fuel oil storage at t = 50 ° C and stabilized gas condensate according to OST 51-65-80 from the gas condensate storage at t = 20 ° C, each through its own supply systems: pumps 11 and 8, leakage valves 12, 9 and flow meters 13 and 10 at a pressure of 3 atm in the ratio of components, wt.%: 50% of fuel oil grade M100 (M40) and 50% of stabilized gas condensate, enter the mixing chamber components 3. Next is a process similar to example 1. The results are shown in table 1.

Tests showed that the used stabilized gas condensate with a C ₁ -C ₄ fraction in it ranging from 0.3 to 1.0 wt.% Practically does not affect the performance of table No. 1 and therefore is not reflected in it.

From the data of table 1 it is seen that the introduction of stabilized gas condensate into the fuel oil reduces its density, lowers viscosity, reduces sulfur content and lowers coking ability.

The result is a super-lightweight fuel oil, consisting of 50-75 wt.% Of the original fuel oil, 25-50 wt.% Of stabilized gas condensate with a C ₁ -C ₄ fraction in it of not more than 0.3-1.0 wt. %, with the technical characteristics shown in table 1.

The selected ratio of the components allows to obtain fuel oil with improved properties: reduced density from 930 kg / m ³ to 850 kg / m ³ , reduced viscosity no more than 2 ° C at 80 ° C, wider fractional composition, low sulfur content ≤ 3.5 % and reduced coking ability ≤ 8.0%.

Thus, the proposed group of inventions allows to increase the life cycle of fuel products, to improve the environment when using a fuel composition in the form of super-light fuel oil in technological and production processes by reducing its composition of sulfur and harmful substances, and also to reduce coking ability in order to increase service life when using it as fuel for household needs and fuel on ships of sea and river transport. Reduce the density to 850 kg / m ³ at 20 ° C and a viscosity of not more than 2 ° W at 80 ° C in order to simplify transportation, incl. in the cold season.

Table 1 The name of indicators Prototype Sample 1
24.0% HA + 76% M100 Sample 2
25% HA + 75% M100 Sample 3
35% HA + 65% M100 Sample 4
50% HA + 50% M100 Sample 5
55% HA + 55% M100 Density at 20 ° C, kg / m ³ 970 928.0 900.0 875.1 850,0 850,0 Viscosity at 80 ° C 6.0 2.45 1.4 1,2 1,1 1,1 Viscosity at 100 ° C 38 2,35 - - - - Sulfur content, wt.% 6.0 3.45 2.48 2.15 1.85 1.80 Coking ability,% 15.0 8.3 7.8 6.6 5.1 5,0 The content of methyl and ethylmer captans, ml / l (ppm) 60 Traces are absent are absent are absent are absent

Sample 1. It is subject to delamination and does not correspond to superlight fuel oil.

Samples 2-5. Resistant to delamination and is super lightweight fuel oil.

Sample 5. Economically impractical for production.

Claims (5)

1. Super light fuel oil based on heating oil and gas condensate, characterized in that it contains stabilized gas condensate with a content of C ₁ -C ₄ fraction in the amount of not more than 0.3-1.0 wt.% As gas condensate , in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Stabilized Gas Condensate with the content of fractions C ₁ -C ₄ in it amount not more than 0.3-1.0 wt.% 25-50 Fuel oil brand M100 and / or M40 50-75 2. A method of producing fuel oil, comprising mixing heated fuel oil of the M100 and / or M40 brand and stabilized gas condensate in a certain proportion, characterized in that fuel oil with heating oil temperature of 50 ° C and stabilized gas condensate with a temperature of 20 ° C under pressure up to 3 atm in a predetermined proportion is fed into the mixing chamber of the components, then the resulting mixture enters the emulsification device, where it is subjected to ultrasound treatment to obtain a finely dispersed emulsion from the fuel mixture and then mixing two or more streams of a finely dispersed emulsion of a fuel mixture with a constantly maintained temperature of 50-60 ° C in an intensive mixing chamber due to the organization of mixing by counter flows under pressure and transportation of the finished product to storage tanks combined by a circulation system, subjecting the finished product to constant circulation under pressure up to 2 atm and passing through an emulsification device. 3. Installation for producing super-lightweight fuel oil, consisting of a component supply system and a mixing chamber, characterized in that the gas condensate supply system and the fuel supply system each comprise a pump, a leak valve and a flow meter for supplying components to their mixing chamber, an ultrasonic emulsification device , an intensive mixing chamber with heating, an accumulator consisting of a tank, a finished product tappet valve with a flowmeter, and a fuel supercharged consumer fuel flow tappet valve combined with a circulation system, which includes an additional tank, pump, leakage valve, flow meter. 4. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains a steam supply line. 5. Installation according to claim 3, characterized in that the emulsification device consists of three cylindrical parts, namely, inlet and outlet pipes, between which there are several or one screw pair, made in the form of a cylinder with an internal thread and a shaft with an external thread, multi-start ring grooves with a left and right thread in the form of a screw, which are in place of a threaded joint, and inside the inlet and outlet nozzles are placed cantilever on the prefabricated bushings of the spring without gaps between the turns with the possibility of alternating hover relative to each other to create gaps between the turns of the springs for the mixture to pass from the internal volume of the prefabricated bushings into the cavity formed between the outer diameter of the spring and the inner diameters of the nozzles, which are separated by protrusions of the bushings, while the collection sleeve of the incoming pipe has a cylindrical hole and a protrusion in the form of a funnel and the collection sleeve of the outlet pipe has a vertical protrusion and a conical hole tapering in the direction of the processed mixture, while the tail parts of the bushings are made enes deaf and are able to move and sleeves protrusions have displacement possibilities.

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