RU2277315C2 - Capsule for germination and growing of seeds and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: plant growing, in particular germination and growing of seeds of various plants.

SUBSTANCE: multilayer capsule for germination and growing of seeds contains components needed at each stage of initial plant development period and used in the following ratio, wt%: organic and mineral nutrient substances 7-70: filler 7-70; binder 0.5-5.0; fungicide 0.001-0.01, water the balance. Method for producing of said capsule involves sequentially applying onto formation center, such as any inertial particle or capsulated mineral fertilizers, the following layers: initially applying first layer including fungicide and binder, then applying basic layer or layers including nutrient mixture, filler and binder, then applying outer layer including filler and binder; introducing into different layers various additives in various ratios depending on kind of seed and usage conditions, for example nutrient mixture, filler and binder with additives of fungicide, and/or growth promoter, and/or microelements, and/or bacterial preparations.

EFFECT: provision for producing of stock of nutrient substances, moisture and air desired at each stage of formation of sprout and formation of root system.

17 cl, 1 dwg, 13 ex

Description

The invention relates to crop production and can be used for germination and seed growth of various plants in the initial period of vegetation.

It is known that the protective and nutritious membrane around the seed improves the conditions for its germination, increases its germination, protects the germinating seeds and seedlings from adverse conditions. The composition of the shell may include organic and mineral fertilizers, trace elements, growth stimulants, fungicides, bacterial preparations, sorbents, etc. [V.A.Smelik, E.I. Kubeev, GOLD NIWA No. 4, 2003].

Known tablet from horse peat for growing seedlings, containing macro - and micronutrient fertilizers, in which lowland peat is used as a binder [US Pat. RF 2091004 cells A 01 G 9/10, 1997].

The disadvantage of this tablet is the property of peat to easily lose moisture and absorb it slowly, which does not allow you to create the necessary moisture when germinating seeds. In addition, known tablets do not allow you to adjust the location of nutrients in the volume.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a capsule for seed germination and growth, the composition of which is determined by the type of seeds and application conditions, containing organic materials in an amount sufficient to form a developed root system and a sprout inside the capsule volume, which, in turn, consists of differing in composition layers with changing properties, which allows you to regulate the processes that occur during the development of plants at different stages of growth, vary the properties of the shell depending on the composition of the soil and nature dnyh conditions; regulate the water-air regime, on which the beginning and rate of formation of the root system and the development of the sprout depend; provide targeted delivery to the seed during the period of germination of nutrients and trace elements of optimal composition; protect the seed from diseases and adverse climatic conditions.

This problem is solved by the fact that it is proposed a multilayer capsule for germination and seed growth, containing all the ingredients necessary for each stage of the initial period of plant development, in the following proportions, wt.%:

- organic and mineral nutrients 7-70

- filler 7-70

- binder 0.5-5.0

- fungicide 0.001-0.01%

- water - the rest

This problem is also solved by the fact that the proposed capsule for germination and seed growth as an organic nutrient contains vermicompost, compost, peat, soil or mixtures thereof.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the proposed capsule for germination and seed growth additionally contains a growth promoter in an amount of 0.00001-0.0001 wt.%.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the proposed capsule for germination and seed growth additionally contains trace elements in an amount of 0.001-0.005 wt.%,

This problem is also solved by the fact that the proposed capsule for germination and seed growth additionally contains bacterial preparations in an amount of 0.1-0.5 wt.%.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the proposed capsule for germination and seed growth additionally contains hydrophobic polymers in an amount of 0.001-0.005 wt.%.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the proposed capsule for germination and seed growth as a binder contains a substance selected from the group: water-soluble polymers, starch, clay, sodium humate, sulfonated lignin, or mixtures thereof.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the proposed capsule for germination and seed growth as a filler contains foamed vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, Mars-4, diatomite, clay, sand, or mixtures thereof.

A known method of producing molded tablets from peat for growing seedlings [US Pat. RF 2091004 cells A 01 G 9/10, 1997], which consists in the preparation of peat, liming, the application of macro- and microelements and molding in the form of a segment of the core. In this case, to increase the strength of the rod, high peat is used, in which low or low decomposition peat is added as a binder.

The disadvantage of this method is that with this method it is impossible to regulate the composition of the tablet in accordance with the stages of development of the sprout and the formation of the root system.

The objective of the present invention is the development of a method for producing a capsule for germination and seed growth with different properties, providing the ability to change the composition and properties of the shell and its size depending on the planting material and climatic conditions.

This problem is solved in that the capsule is produced by sequentially applying to the center of formation, which is used as any inert particle or encapsulated mineral fertilizers, of the following layers: layer (s), including (including) in different ratios, nutrient mixture, filler and binder with additives of fungicide and / or growth stimulant and / or trace elements and / or bacterial preparations; a layer comprising a filler and a binder. This structure gives the capsule different properties in relation to the content of nutrients, water and air.

This problem is also solved by the fact that vermicompost, compost, peat, soil, mineral fertilizers, trace elements or mixtures thereof are used as a nutrient mixture.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the layers with the nutrient mixture form a total thickness of 0.5-70 mm, the outer layer is formed with a thickness of 0.1-5.0 mm.

This problem is also solved by the fact that sequentially form a layer or layers containing a nutrient mixture and a filler, changing the ratio of the nutrient mixture: filler in each layer in the range from 1:10 to 10: 1.

This problem is also solved by the fact that foamed vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, Mars-4, diatomite, clay, sand, or mixtures thereof are used as filler.

This problem is also solved by the fact that as a binder use a substance selected from the group: water-soluble polymers, starch, clay, sodium humate, sulfonated lignin or mixtures thereof.

This problem is also solved by the fact that the resulting capsules are perforated in any known manner.

The proposed method of obtaining a capsule for germination and seed growth is characterized in that it allows you to get a multilayer capsule containing all the ingredients necessary for each stage of the initial period of plant development.

In addition, the capsule contains fillers, which are sorbents and have high moisture capacity and the ability to hold air, which ensures optimal moisture-air balance inside the capsule, and also have good thermal insulation properties, which helps to equalize the temperature regime.

The possibility of obtaining capsules for seed germination is confirmed by the following examples, but is not limited to.

Example 1

25 g of vermiculite is loaded into a rotating pan, wetted with an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing 0.001% tetramethylthiuramdisulfide (TMTD) fungicide, and a mixture of biohumus and vermiculite is fed in a ratio of 6: 1 (weight) to form a shell. The mixture is dosed, gradually increasing the shell. The sizes are adjusted to 35-40 mm, alternately supplying an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol and a mixture of vermiculite and biohumus. After that, the outer layer of vermiculite is similarly applied to a particle size of 40-45 mm.

The resulting capsules are unloaded from the apparatus and dried.

The resulting capsules contain wt.%:

- vermicompost - 60

- vermiculite - 10

- PVA - 1.5

- TMTD - 0.001

- Water - 28.5

Example 2

25 g of vermiculite is loaded into a rotating pan, it is moistened with an aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone containing 0.005% fungicide TMTD and a mixture of compost and vermiculite is fed in a ratio of 4: 1 (weight). The particle size is adjusted to 25-30 mm, alternately supplying an adhesive solution and a filler. After that, an outer layer of vermiculite is applied to the formed particles to a particle size of 30-35 mm.

The resulting capsules are unloaded from the apparatus, perforated and dried.

The resulting capsules contain wt.%:

- compost - 60 vermiculite - 15

- PVP - 2.5

- TMTD - 0.005

- Water - 22.5

Example 3

40 g of encapsulated mineral fertilizers are loaded into a rotating pelletizing boiler, moistened with an aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone containing 0.01% TMTD fungicide, and a filler containing a mixture of peat and vermiculite in a ratio of 6: 1 (weight) is started. The filler is dosed, gradually increasing the shell. The particle sizes are adjusted to 10-15 mm, alternately supplying an adhesive solution and a filler, then a mixture of peat and vermiculite is fed in a ratio of 1: 1 (weight), bringing the particle size to 20-25 mm, and then a mixture of vermiculite and vermiculite is mixed : 6 (wt.) And adjust the particle size to 30-35 mm. An outer layer of vermiculite is applied to the formed particles to a size of 35-40 mm.

The resulting capsules are unloaded from the apparatus and dried.

The resulting capsules contain wt.%:

- vermicompost - 15

- peat - 20

- vermiculite - 35

- PVP - 1.0

- TMTD - 0.01

- Water - 29.0

Example 4

Under the conditions of Example 1, capsules were prepared using an aqueous solution of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt as a binder and adjusting the particle size to 15-20 mm.

The resulting capsules are unloaded from the apparatus and dried.

The moisture content in the shell is 18%.

Example 5

Under the conditions of Example 2, capsules were prepared using aqueous PVA as the binder and adjusting the particle size to 10-15 mm.

The resulting capsules are unloaded from the apparatus and dried.

The moisture content in the shell is 26%.

Example 6

Under the conditions of Example 2, capsules are prepared by gradually changing the compost: vermiculite ratio from 1: 1 to 1: 6, bringing the particle size to 45-50 mm.

The moisture content in the shell is 28%.

Example 7

Under the conditions of example 1, capsules are obtained, gradually changing the ratio of vermicompost: vermiculite from 1:10 to 1: 1, bringing the particle size to 45-50 mm.

The moisture content in the shell is 24%.

Example 8

Under the conditions of Example 1, capsules were prepared using a mixture of biohumus with perlite as a filler in a ratio of 8: 1 and adjusting the particle size to 35-40 mm.

The moisture content in the shell is 27%.

Example 9

Under the conditions of Example 1, capsules were prepared using a mixture of biohumus with zeolite in a ratio of 3: 1 as a filler, bringing the particle size to 10-15 mm.

The moisture content in the shell is 15%.

Example 10

Under the conditions of Example 2, capsules are prepared, wherein a mixture of compost with mineral fertilizers is used as a nutrient mixture, bringing the particle size to 20-25 mm.

The moisture content in the shell is 18%.

Example 11

25 g of vermiculite is placed in a fluidized bed apparatus, then an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing 0.001% TMTD fungicide is subsequently fed onto a fluidized bed, spraying the solution onto a prepared coating mixture consisting of biohumus and vermiculite in a ratio of 6: 1 (wt.), To form shell. The solution and the mixture are served in portions, gradually increasing the shell, and the capsule size is adjusted to 20-25 mm.

The resulting capsules are dried and discharged from the apparatus.

The resulting capsules contain wt.%:

- vermicompost - 60

- vermiculite - 10

- PVA - 1.5

- TMTD - 0.001

- water -28.5.

Example 12

On a tape machine, a suspension of vermiculite in an aqueous binder solution, a suspension of a mixture of biohumus with vermiculite in a ratio of 4: 1 in an aqueous solution of a binder containing a fungicide TMTD and a growth stimulant are sequentially applied to the tape, and they are covered with the same layer of a suspension of vermiculite mixed with vermiculite in aqueous a binder solution and a suspension of vermiculite in an aqueous binder solution. Then the resulting material is dried and cut into pieces. Moreover, the shape of the material capsules obtained during the cutting process can be cylindrical or multifaceted.

The resulting capsules contain wt.%:

- vermicompost - 60

- vermiculite - 15

- PVA - 2.5

- TMTD - 0.002

- growth stimulator - 0.00005

- water - 22.5.

Example 13

Capsules are prepared on a molding machine. A thick moving mass of material, which is a suspension of a mixture of biohumus and vermiculite in a ratio of 6: 1 (wt.) In a binder, is poured into a mold with drainage holes below, then the mass is partially dehydrated and a layer of a suspension of vermiculite in a binder solution is placed on it, containing trace elements and fungicide TMTD. Cover the top with a layer representing a suspension of a mixture of vermiculite and vermiculite in a ratio of 6: 1 (wt.) In the binder. Then, the capsule thus obtained is brought to the desired moisture content and pushed out of the mold. The resulting capsules contain wt.%:

- vermicompost - 60

- vermiculite - 10

- PVA - 3.5

- TMTD - 0.001

- water - 26.5.

The drawing shows a photograph of the sprouts of corn grown after germination of seeds in capsules obtained in example 1 (left), in comparison with the control sprout obtained by growing directly in the soil (right). As can be seen in the photograph, plants grown by the proposed method give stronger shoots with a much more developed root system, which favors the further development of the plant.

Thus, a capsule for germination and seed growth allows you to provide a supply of nutrients, moisture and air, necessary at each stage of sprout formation and the formation of a developed root system.

The multilayer structure of the capsule allows you to take into account the characteristics of each type of plant when choosing the composition of the nutrient mixture for encapsulating its seeds, which makes it universal for use in crop production.

The multilayer structure of the capsule allows you to vary the properties of the shell depending on the composition of the soil and the natural conditions of the proposed area of landing in the ground.

The capsule for germination and seed growth obtained by the proposed method has a sufficiently strong outer shell, which allows planting work in a mechanized way.

The capsule for germination and seed growth, obtained by the proposed method, provides targeted application of nutrients to the soil, eliminates the risk of their redistribution, for example, by rain or drift by the wind.

The capsule for germination and seed growth, obtained by the proposed method, provides a reduced consumption of nutrients in comparison with continuous or ordinary processing of sown areas with organic and inorganic fertilizers.

The use of capsules for germination and seed growth reduces the consumption of fertilizers by addressing them individually to each plant.

The use of a capsule for germination and seed growth increases the resistance of plants to frost and drought.

The structure of the membrane improves drainage, contributes to the development of a more branched root system.

The shell structure has heat-insulating properties, which allows to stabilize the temperature regime inside the capsule.

The perforated capsule has improved air exchange.

The proposed capsule allows you to get planting material with a closed root system.

Thus, the proposed capsule may have any desired shape.

Claims (17)

1. A capsule for seed germination and growth, the composition of which is determined by the type of seeds and conditions of use, having a multilayer structure containing all the ingredients necessary for each stage of the initial period of plant development, in the following proportions, wt.%: Organic and Mineral Nutrients 7-70 Filler 7-70 Binder 0.5-5.0 Fungicide 0.001-0.01 Water  Rest 2. A capsule for seed germination and growth according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains biohumus, compost, peat, soil or mixtures thereof as an organic nutrient. 3. The capsule for germination and seed growth according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains trace elements in an amount of 0.001-0.005 wt.%. 4. The capsule for germination and seed growth according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises bacterial preparations in an amount of 0.1-0.5 wt.%. 5. The capsule for seed germination and growth according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a growth promoter in an amount of 0.00001-0.0001 wt.%. 6. The capsule for seed germination and growth according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises hydrophobic polymers in an amount of 0.001-0.005 wt.%. 7. The capsule for seed germination and growth according to claim 1, characterized in that as a binder it contains a substance selected from the group: water-soluble polymers, starch, clay, sodium humate, sulfonated lignin, or mixtures thereof. 8. The capsule for seed germination and growth according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains foamed vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, Mars-4, diatomite, clay, sand, or mixtures thereof as a filler. 9. A method of obtaining a capsule for seed germination and growth with different properties depending on the type of seeds and application conditions, which consists in sequential application to the center of education, which is used as any inert particle or encapsulated mineral fertilizers, of the following layers: the first layer comprising fungicide and a binder; a base layer or layers comprising a nutrient mixture, a filler and a binder; the outer layer, including a filler and a binder, and the ingredients of the layers are taken in different ratios. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the first layer is formed with a thickness of 5.0-10.0 mm, the main layers with the nutrient mixture form a total thickness of 5.0-70.0 mm, the outer layer is formed with a thickness of 1.0- 5.0 mm. 11. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the basic layers containing the nutrient mixture and the filler are successively applied, changing the ratio of the nutrient mixture: filler in each layer from 1:10 to 10: 1. 12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that as a nutrient mixture, vermicompost, compost, peat, mineral fertilizers, soil, trace elements or mixtures thereof are used. 13. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the first layer comprising a fungicide further comprises a growth promoter. 14. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the fungicide or fungicide and growth promoter are applied from a solution in an organic solvent together with a hydrophobic polymer. 15. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the filler uses foamed vermiculite, perlite, zeolite, the drug Mars-4, diatomite, clay, sand or mixtures thereof. 16. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that as a binder use a substance selected from the group: water-soluble polymers, starch, clay, sodium humate, sulfonated lignin, or mixtures thereof. 17. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the resulting capsule is perforated in any known manner.