RU2275458C1 - Gully two-stage slurry dump for granular industrial waste - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic building, particularly to store granular waste, for instance dressing plant residuals.

SUBSTANCE: two-stage slurry dump comprises two ground dams, which intersect valley. Lower dam defines lower basin, upper dam defines upper basin. Dump comprises hillside ditches having lower ends arranged in lower pool of lower dam, hydraulic conveyance system, water supply means, which feeds water from settling pond to industrial plant. Upper dam is located on shore wastes, which are aggregated in lower basin up to predetermined level in front of dam. Upper dam and lower dam are spaced apart a distance enough to create basin for clarified water pond forming in front of upper part of lower dam. Upper dam is permeable dam to clean water and to permit water passage from settling pond of upper vessel into clarified water pond. The clarified water pond is made as opened pool or as a basin at least partly filled with coarse draining material. The slurry dump is provided with means to increase waste load-bearing capability located at upper dam base and with means to supply water from clarified water pond to industrial plant.

EFFECT: reduced amount of building works and increased quality of reused water.

10 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydraulic engineering and can be used for hydraulic storage in lowering areas of granular waste from industrial enterprises, mainly tailings of concentration plants.

Known beam-ravine hydraulic waste dump, the capacity of which is formed by a soil dam (dam), made continuously to full height or in separate parts at a significant height [1]. In such a hydraulic dump in bulk, waste can be stored regardless of its grain composition, including the formation of a weak-bearing beach from waste. However, the creation of such a hydraulic dump is associated with high costs due to the large volume of earthworks for the construction of the dam. In addition, the reduction volume is not fully fully used, and in the case of dusty wastes containing a significant amount of fine particles, clarification of the recycled water in the sludge pond of the hydraulic dump is slow and not of high quality [2].

Known two-stage (cascade) beam-ravine hydraulic waste dump, the lower and upper tanks of which are successively formed by dams of bunds erected from the waste of the beach of the alwer in the process of filling the tank [3]. The creation of such a hydraulic dump is not associated with high costs. However, it has insufficient reliability, and its area of use is limited to waste storage, in which the content of particles with a diameter of more than 0.074 millimeters by weight is more than 50% [4].

Known multi-stage, and therefore a two-stage gully gully hydraulic dump of industrial enterprises, including two soil dams blocking the lowering, the lower of which creates the lower tank, and the upper one - the upper tank, upland ditches, the lower end sections of which are located in the lower downstream of the lower dam , hydrotransport system and means for returning water from a settling pond to an enterprise. Dams are placed on the natural basis of lowering, while the upper dam is made first [5].

The disadvantages of such a hydraulic dump-prototype are as follows:

- high costs due to the large volume of earthworks for the construction of two dams, each at full height and each with an anti-filter element;

- low efficiency of using the volume of lowering the terrain due to the significant distance between the dams;

- the complexity of the operation (creation) of the hydraulic dump due to the slow and insufficient quality clarification of the recycled water in the sludge pond of such a hydraulic dump.

The task to which the invention is directed is to reduce the cost of creating a hydraulic dump and simplify the work during its operation. The technical result from the use of the invention is to reduce the work and to simplify them during the construction of dams, as well as to more fully use the volume of lowering the terrain and to improve the quality of clarification of circulating water.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in a two-stage beam-ravine hydraulic dump of granular waste of industrial enterprises, including two soil dams blocking the lowering, the lower of which creates the lower tank, and the upper one - the upper tank, upland ditches, the lower end sections of which are located in the lower pool of the lower dam, the hydrotransport system and means of supplying water from the settling pond to the enterprise, according to the invention, the upper dam is located on the beach waste, n of washed into the lower container to a predetermined level before the dam bottom, and spaced from the bottom of the dam, sufficient to form a front upper portion of the container under the dam bottom clarified water pond. The upper dam is made filtering to ensure clarification of water and its flow from the settling pond of the upper tank into the pond of clarified water. The clarified water pond is made in the form of an open reservoir or in the form of a container partially or completely filled with coarse-grained drainage material, and the hydraulic dump itself is equipped with means for enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the waste at the base of the upper dam and with means for supplying water from the clarified water pond to the enterprise.

Means of enhancing the carrying capacity of waste at the base of the upper dam can be made in the form of:

- a loading-and-drainage prism from highly filtering soil located at the base and at the bottom of the upper dam;

- one or more reinforcing geological layers;

- sand piles - drains;

- one or more drainage layers located in the waste when they are washed into the lower tank and containing a drainage pipe hydraulically connected to the atmosphere or to a vacuum pump;

- a core made at the base of the upper dam from filter soil, and waste from beaches washed from this core into the lower tank adjoins the core from both sides of the dam.

On the lowering board, between the upper dam and the lower one, a pumping station is made, which supplies water to the enterprise from the settling pond of the upper tank and from the pond of clarified water. The pumping station is in communication with a settling pond through a spillway and a pressure pipe with a locking device at its end section, and with a clarified water pond through a water intake. In the case of a pond of clarified water in the form of a tank partially or completely filled with coarse-grained drainage material, the tank is created at least partially in the lower part of the upper dam and with the inclusion of the specified material in the body of the lower part of the upper dam and / or in its lower body - drainage prism. In this case, the lower part of the upper dam may adjoin the upper part of the lower dam.

The hydraulic dump is equipped with an emergency-maneuvering tank formed by an additional dam blocking the lowering between the lower dam and the end sections of the upland ditches [4].

The essence of the technical solution lies primarily in the fact that the reinforcement, using the previously mentioned means, of the load-bearing capacity of beach waste washed in a lower bulk tank, made it possible to place a filtering one without an anti-filter element on such a reinforced beach, and, consequently, an upper ground less demanding to the strength of the base a dam that forms a bulk upper tank in its upper pool and a pond clarified during filtration through the upper dam of water in its lower pool or in its lower parts. All this turns the dump into a semi-loading (the same: semi-washing) and allows you to achieve the previously specified technical result.

The proposed dump is illustrated by the drawings presented in figures 1-5, while in figure 2-4, the degree of reduction of horizontal dimensions is 2.5 times greater than the degree of reduction of vertical dimensions.

Figure 1 shows the plan of the hydraulic dump.

Figure 2 - section aa in figure 1, a variant with a pond of clarified water in the form of an open reservoir, and means for enhancing the load-bearing capacity of waste at the base of the upper dam in the form of two loading and drainage prisms, two reinforcing geo-layers and one drainage layer.

Figure 3 is a section aa in figure 1, a variant with a pond of clarified water in the form of a tank filled with coarse-grained drainage material, and means for enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the waste in the form of a loading-drainage prism and sand piles-drains.

Figure 4 - means of enhancing the carrying capacity of waste in the form of a loading and drainage prism and a core of filtering soil.

In Fig.5 is a section bB in Fig.1, a pond of clarified water in the form of an open reservoir.

The hydraulic dump (tailing dump) is located in the depression formed by the ravine 1 (Fig. 1), on the natural base 2 (Fig. 2) and includes two soil dams blocking the depression, the lower 3 of which creates the lower reservoir 4, and the upper 5 - the upper reservoir 6 Around the hydraulic dump, upland ditches 7 are made, the lower (discharge) end sections of which are located in the downstream of the lower dam 3 and are each equipped with a water well 9. The hydraulic transport system includes pipelines 10 and distribution 11 (partially shown in the drawings ) The lower dam 3 is located on the soil base 2, and the upper 5 - on the waste (tails) 12 of the beach 13, washed in the lower tank 4 to the level 14 set in front of the lower dam 3, and at a distance from the lower dam 3 sufficient to form in front of the upper part the lower dam 3 tanks 15 under the pond of clarified water 16. The lower dam 3 is made with an anti-filter screen 17, and the upper dam 5 - filtering from gravel-pebble soils and overburden.

The upper dam 5 is equipped with means to enhance the bearing capacity of the waste 12 at its base, each of which can be used independently or in combination with others. These funds have the following form: loading and drainage prism 18 (Fig.2-4), made of highly filtering soil and located in the base and at the bottom of the upper dam; one or more reinforcing geological layers 19 (figure 2); sand piles-drains 20 (figure 3); one or more drainage layer 21 (FIG. 2) disposed in the waste 12 when it is washed into the lower container 4 and by means of a drainage pipe 22 in communication with the atmosphere or with a vacuum pump (not shown); the core 23 (figure 4), made at the base of the upper dam from the filtering soil, while the waste 23 of the beaches 24 washed from this core into the lower tank 4 is adjacent to the core 23 on both sides.

On the lowering board, between the upper dam 5 and the lower 3, a pump station 25 is made, which supplies water through the pipeline 26 to the enterprise from the clarified water pond 16 and from the settling pond 27 of the upper tank 6. The pump station 25 contains a water intake well 28 (Fig. 5 ), which is in communication with the clarified water pond 16 through the water inlet 29 and with the settling pond 27 through the spillway 30 and the discharge conduit 31 with a valve 32 at its end.

In particularly severe climatic conditions, in order to improve the conditions for taking water from the clarified water pond 16, in winter it may turn out to be expedient to partially or completely fill the tank 15 of the clarified water pond 16 with coarse-grained drainage soil 33, with the placement of a water-supplying drainage pipe 34 in it (Fig. 3) communicated with the water intake well 28 of the pump station 25. This further increases the bearing capacity of the base of the upper dam 5. In this case, it is also advisable to make the lower part 35 of the upper dam 5 from the same grain of lake soil 33 (Fig. 3), which will increase the volume of such a “ground” pond (reservoir) 16 and at the same time improve the condition for water to flow through the body of the upper dam 5. As an extreme case, the lower part 35 of the upper dam 5 can be adjoined directly to the upper part of the lower dam 3.

The hydraulic dump is equipped with an emergency tank 36, formed by an additional dam 37, blocking the lowering between the lower dam 3 and the end sections 8 of the upland ditches 7 and designed to accommodate the possible volume of emergency leakage of water and liquefied waste from the tanks of the upper 6 and lower 4. In the downstream of the additional dam 37 and along its lower slope, dam 38 was made of loamy soil up to 6 meters high and with a variable ridge mark, repeating the relief relief. The dam 38 is equipped with a permafrost curtain 39 created by liquid thermosyphons 40. The cavity 41 between the additional dam 37 and the dam 38 is partially filled with drainage soil 42, water from which is pumped by the drainage pumping station 43 (Fig. 1) to the pond of clarified water 16.

Figure 1-5 marked and other elements of the hydraulic dump, namely:

44 - multistage differential (on the ditch 7);

45 - road;

46 - automatic surface spillway;

47 - transition layer;

48 - pump;

49 - elevated pavilion;

50 - beach in the upper tank;

51 - temporary capacity.

The creation of a hydraulic dump (tailing dump) and its work is carried out as follows.

The lower dam 3 is built and the ditches 7 are made, after which the waste (tailings) are washed into the lower tank 4. The slurry pipeline is usually located on the dam 3, and the waste is laid with the formation of the dam 3 at the beach 13, and at the opposite end of the lower tank 4 - a settling pond, water intake from which is carried out by a floating water intake (not shown). It is advisable to simultaneously carry out work to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the waste 12 at the base of the future upper dam 5, both by the previously indicated means and other known from the prior art. Moreover, in the case of the arrangement of the core 23 (Fig. 4), a distribution slurry pipe 11 is laid on each of its tiers, and beaches 24 are washed on both sides of it. The lower tank 4 is filled to the level 13 set in front of the lower dam 3, after which other work is carried out on strengthening the base of the upper dam 5 - first of all, dumping of overburden prisms from overburden rocks 18.

The upper dam 5 is erected by filtering from gravel-pebble soils and overburden after the work on creating a pumping station 25, a spillway 30 and a pressure conduit 31 connecting them. This dam 5 is less demanding on the strength of the base and is erected in tiers (not shown) and the entire width of its base with an intensity that ensures, on the one hand, the necessary increment of the upper tank 6, and on the other, consolidation under load of waste 12 at its base. The washing of wastes into the upper tank 6 is carried out with the formation of a settling pond 27 directly at the dam 5, with a depth that ensures that a specified amount of high-quality water purified from the suspension from the suspension through the body of the filtering dam 5 is filtered into the clarified water pond 16. At the same time this clarifies the grain composition of the material for the subsequent stage of the dam 5, depending on the actual flow of water, which should not exceed the amount of water recycled water supply to the enterprise. Filtered through the dam 5 quality water through the intake hole 29 (Fig. 5) enters the intake well 28 of the pump station 25. The missing amount of water into the intake well 28 comes from the settling pond 27 through the discharge conduit 31. In this case, the water is drained from the settling pond 27 into the spillway well 30 filled to the top is carried out smoothly and only from a high-quality top layer. As a result, only qualitatively clarified water enters the water intake well 28.

If necessary, water intake from the pond of clarified water 16 and from the settling pond 27 can be carried out by a floating water intake - not shown in the drawings.

The supply of the upper dam 5 with the previously indicated means of strengthening the base and filtering it allows you to place the dam 5 on the waste 12, in which the content of particles with a diameter of less than 0.074 mm reaches 60% or more. At the same time, it is advisable to set the extreme limit for specific wastes each time with experimental dumping.

Capacity 15 under the clarified water pond is assigned taking into account the possible emergency leakage of water and liquefied waste from the upper tank 6. In the case of a lower reservoir 3 having an emergency tank 36, as provided for by Russian patent No. 2157869 with priority 14.01.1997, the tank area 15 may be substantially reduced. In this case, the upper dam 5 may be close to the lower dam 3 before closing with the upper part of the latter (figure 3). This allows you to increase the upper tank 6 and place the upper dam 5 on a better section of the beach 13, where the waste 12 has a larger grain composition, and the clarified water pond 16 is completely made in the form of a “ground” tank, which is protected from overflow by an automatic surface spillway 44.

In the case of enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the waste by creating a core 23 (Fig. 4), it is advisable, until the lower dam 3 is ready, to start storing the waste in a temporary container 51 formed by the lower tier of the core 23.

With a large length of the beam-ravine lowering, the third stage of the hydraulic dump can be performed. In this case, a dam (not shown), forming a new (additional) tank, is located on the beach waste 50 of the upper tank 6 at a distance from the settling pond 27, and this dam itself is performed by a filter or with an anti-filter element.

Used sources

1. Waterworks. Designer reference. / Under the general editorship of V.P. Nedrigi. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1983, p. 509-511, fig. 21.2, a and fig. 21.3.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2230154, cl. E 02 D 17-18, publ. 06/10/2004.

3. Melentyev V.A., Pavchich M.P. Catastrophic accidents of tailings // Hydrotechnical construction, 1986, No. 11.

4. Recommendations for the design and construction of sludge collectors and tailings of the metallurgical industry / VNII VODGEO. M .: Stroyizdat, 1986, p. 70-72.

5. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2157869, cl. E 02 B 7/06, publ. 10/20/2000.

Claims (10)

1. A two-stage beam-ravine hydraulic dump of granular waste from industrial enterprises, including two soil dams blocking the lowering, the lower of which creates the lower tank, and the upper one - the upper tank, uphill ditches, the lower end sections of which are located in the lower pool of the lower dam, hydrotransport system and means water supply from the settling pond to the enterprise, characterized in that the upper dam is located on the waste beach, washed in the lower tank to the level set in front of the lower dam, and at away from the lower dam, sufficient to form a container under the pond of clarified water in front of the upper part of the lower dam, the upper dam being filtering to ensure clarification of the water and its flow from the settling pond of the upper tank to the clarified water pond, and the clarified water pond is made in the form of an open reservoir or in the form of a container partially or completely filled with coarse-grained drainage material, while the hydraulic dump is equipped with means to enhance the load-bearing capacity of the waste at the base of the upper dam and means of supplying water from a pond of clarified water to the enterprise. 2. The hydraulic dump according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the waste is made in the form of a loading and drainage prism from high-filtration soil located at the base and at the bottom of the upper dam. 3. The hydraulic dump according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the waste is made in the form of one or more reinforcing geological layers. 4. The hydraulic dump according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of enhancing the bearing capacity of the waste is made in the form of sand piles-drains. 5. The hydraulic dump according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the waste is made in the form of one or more drainage layers placed in the waste when they are washed into the lower tank and communicated with the atmosphere or vacuum pump. 6. The hydraulic dump according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the waste is made in the form of a core arranged at the base of the upper dam from filter soil, and waste from beaches washed from this core into the lower tank adjoin the core from both its lateral sides . 7. The hydraulic dump according to claim 1, characterized in that on the lowering board between the upper dam and the lower one there is a pump station providing water supply to the enterprise from the settling pond of the upper tank and from the clarified water pond, while the pump station is in communication with the settling pond by means of a spillway a well and a pressure water conduit with a shut-off device at its end section, and with a clarified water pond - by means of a water intake if the clarified water pond is made in the form of an open reservoir, or by means of a water supply a drainage pipe in the case of a pond of clarified water in the form of a container filled with coarse-grained drainage material, or simultaneously through a water intake and a water-supplying drainage pipe. 8. The hydraulic dump according to claim 2, characterized in that if the pond is made of clarified water in the form of a tank partially or completely filled with coarse-grained drainage material, the tank is created at least partially in the lower part of the upper dam and with the inclusion of the specified material in the body the lower part of the upper dam and / or into the body of its lower loading and drainage prism. 9. The hydraulic dump according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an emergency-maneuverable tank formed by an additional dam blocking the lowering between the lower dam and the end sections of the uphill ditches. 10. A hydraulic dump according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower part of the upper dam is adjacent to the upper part of the lower dam.

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