JP2004360231A

JP2004360231A - Filling member for use in facility for storage and/or permeation of rainwater and the like, and construction method therefor

Info

Publication number: JP2004360231A
Application number: JP2003157140A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Shinichi Takeda; 慎一武田
Original assignee: Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
Current assignee: Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date: 2003-06-02
Filing date: 2003-06-02
Publication date: 2004-12-24
Anticipated expiration: 2023-06-02
Also published as: JP4084706B2

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a filling member which is used for facilities for storage and/or permeation of rainwater and the like and which can be constructed by easily aligning the directions of guiding the rainwater and the like, and a construction method therefor. SOLUTION: The filling member 30 is infilled by being provided in a longitudinally/laterally and vertically continuous manner in a storage part 10 for storing the rainwater and the like, an inclined plate part 32 is provided as a guide means for guiding the rainwater and the like, flowing into the storage part, in a prescribed direction by means of gravity, and a top surface of the inclined plate part 32 is provided with a mark M for indicating a direction wherein the rainwater and the like are guided. The filling member 30C is equipped with connecting parts to be vertically stacked, and the inclined plate part 32 for guiding the rainwater and the like, flowing into the storage part, in the prescribed direction; and the connecting parts 31 and 31A, which are different in the shape from each other, can be provided in a vertically continuous manner only when the directions of guiding the rainwater and the like correspond to each other. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設に使用され貯留部内に充填する充填部材に係り、特に、雨水と共に流入する砂等を効率よく所定の方向に誘導でき施工が容易な充填部材と、その施工方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば大規模な宅地造成地では、造成面積に見合う間隔や規模で調整池を造成している。この調整池は、例えば地面を１ｍ程度掘下げて雨水等の貯留部を形成し、この貯留部に周囲の住宅地からの排水溝や道路の側溝を接続するものであり、集中豪雨等に際しては余分な雨水等を一時貯留して、周囲の住宅地の雨水等の滞留や、河川の氾濫や、下水の河川への流出等を防止するものである。また、貯留部の周囲を透水シートで形成して、雨水を徐々に地面に浸透させるように構成した浸透式の貯留部を用いたものもある。このように貯留部の壁面を遮水性シートで形成するか、透水性シートで形成するか、あるいは下方を遮水性シートで形成し上方を透水性シートで形成することによって、貯留施設、浸透施設、貯留浸透施設として機能させるものである。
【０００３】
この種の雨水等の貯留浸透施設として、特許文献１に記載の雨水等の貯留浸透施設がある。この公報に記載の技術は、地面を掘下げてタンク部を構成し、その底部からグランドライン付近まで、複数の容器状部材を縦横かつ上下に配設して充填し、最上部には、被覆手段を施したことを特徴とするものである。そして、容器状部材を多数の孔を有する底部及び周側板で構成し、底部に向かって小さくなるテーパ状に構成したことを特徴とするものである。
【０００４】
また、雨水を貯留する装置として、特許文献２に記載の雨水貯溜装置がある。この公報に記載の技術は、地面を掘下げて形成した貯水槽の内部に、複数本の支柱を備えた合成樹脂製充填体を縦横に並べると共に上下に積み重ねて充填し、その上に被覆手段を施した雨水貯溜装置であって、貯水槽の底面に固形分排出用の溝を形成し、少なくとも上方の合成樹脂製充填体の支柱間に多数の水噴射孔を有する散水管、又は多数の排気孔を有する散気管を配設したものであり、充填体に堆積する固形分を簡単に取り除くことができるメンテナンスの容易な雨水貯溜装置を提供するものである。
【０００５】
さらに、この種の貯留浸透施設で、雨水等に混じって砂や小石が施設内に進入し、長期間に砂等が堆積して貯留容積を狭めることを防止するために、砂等を一定の方向に誘導して所定の位置にまとめて堆積させ、この堆積物を容易に除去して内容量を復帰させる貯留浸透施設と、この施設に使用する充填部材が本願出願人より出願されている。この施設で使用する充填部材は、例えばプラスチックで形成され、貯留施設の内部に縦横且つ上下に積み重ねて充填されるものであり、雨水等を所定の方向に誘導する傾斜板部を備えている。
【０００６】
【特許文献１】
特公平４−２６６４８号公報（特許請求の範囲第１〜３項、第１図）
【特許文献２】
特開２０００−１６０６０６号公報（請求項１，２、図２）
【０００７】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、前記した特許文献１の貯留浸透施設は、雨水と共に砂や汚泥が貯留部に流れ込むことを防止するため、流入部に泥溜め枡を備えているが、長期間使用しているうちに泥溜め枡を通過した砂や汚泥が貯留部の底面に沈殿して堆積する。貯留部は内部に容器状部材が縦横かつ上下に配設して充填されており、堆積した砂や汚泥を除去することが難しい。このため、貯留部の内容積が徐々に少なくなって雨水の貯留量が少なくなり、内容積が極端に少なくなると調整池として機能しなくなる虞があった。その場合、既設の調整池を掘り起こし、充填部材を撤去後に清掃し、再度充填部材を配設しなおすという手間と多額な維持費がかかる。また、必要に応じて新規の貯留浸透施設を造成することとなり、新たな土地を必要とし、土地の有効利用の妨げになるという問題点も生じる。
【０００８】
また、前記した特許文献２の雨水貯溜装置は、貯水槽の内部に散水管や散気管を別途配設するため、構成が複雑となって装置の作製が煩雑となり、費用もかさむという問題点がある。そして、散水管や散気管が貯水槽内に位置するため、その分貯水槽の空隙率が下がり貯水量が減るという問題点がある。さらに、充填体に堆積する固形分を散水管で取り除くときには、貯水槽を空にして散水管から高圧の水を噴射する操作が必要である。
【０００９】
さらに、前記の本願出願人の出願にかかる貯留浸透施設は、前記のとおり、堆積物を容易に除去でき非常に画期的であるが、充填部材を積み重ねるときに誘導方向を決めて積み重ねる必要がある。すなわち、施工時に誘導方向を間違えて積み重ねると砂等を所定の方向に誘導できず、底面の広い面積に分散して堆積するため、その機能が失われてしまい、積み重ね施工の際に一つひとつの充填部材の誘導方向を確かめながら施工する必要がある。その結果、従来の方向性のない充填部材の施工と比較すると、積み重ねや縦横に並べる連設施工作業が煩雑となり施工スピードが落ちるという問題点があった。
【００１０】
本発明は、このような問題に鑑みてなされたものであって、その目的とするところは、砂や小石等を一定の方向に誘導できる充填部材の連設施工作業が容易に行え、施工作業のスピードアップが可能な充填部材を提供することにある。また、充填部材を容易に連設することができ、雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設の施工を短持間に効率良く行うことができる充填部材の施工方法を提供することを目的とする。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記目的を達成すべく、本発明に係る充填部材は、雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設に使用し、雨水等を貯留する貯留部内に縦横かつ上下に連設して充填するものであって、この充填部材は、貯留部に流入した雨水等を重力により所定方向に誘導する誘導手段を備えており、該誘導手段は雨水等が誘導される方向を示すマークを有することを特徴とする。
【００１２】
前記のごとく構成された本発明の充填部材は、貯留及び／又は浸透する施設の内容積を確保する空間に充填部材を縦横に並べるとともに上下に積み重ねる連設施工時に、誘導手段に誘導方向を示すマークが付されているため、そのマークを見ながら誘導方向を確認して容易に連設することができる。このため、誘導方向を間違えることが防止されて砂等を確実に所定の方向に誘導でき、この種施設の長寿命化を達成でき、施工作業の効率化を図ることができる。
【００１３】
本発明に係る充填部材の他の態様としては、雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設に使用し、雨水等を貯留する貯留部内に縦横かつ上下に連設して充填するものであって、この充填部材は、上下方向に積み重ねる複数の連結部と、貯留部に流入した雨水等を所定の誘導方向に誘導する傾斜板部とを備え、連結部は少なくとも１つの形状及び／又は位置が残りの連結部と異なっており、誘導方向が一致したときのみ上下に連設できることを特徴とする。すなわち、方向が異なる場合は連結できない構成となっている。
【００１４】
この構成の充填部材は、貯留及び／又は浸透する施設の貯留部に充填する際に、底面から１段目の充填部材の誘導方向を予め設定しておけば、２段目以降の充填部材は１段目の充填部材に合わせて積み重ねるだけで誘導方向が一定の方向となり、多数の充填部材の方向を確実に所定の方向に合わせることができる。このため、施設の長寿命化を達成できると共に、充填部材の連設作業の効率化を図れ、作業時間を短縮できる。
【００１５】
また、本発明に係る充填部材の好ましい具体的な態様としては、誘導手段である前記傾斜板部は、その上面に誘導する方向を示すマークを有することを特徴としており、熱可塑性プラスチックで構成されることが好ましい。この構成によれば、貯留部の底面の１段目に充填部材を水平方向に並べるとき、傾斜板部の誘導方向を容易に確認して並べることができ、施工作業の短縮化を図ることができる。
【００１６】
本発明の充填部材の施工方法は、雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設に使用し、雨水等を貯留する貯留部内に縦横かつ上下に連設して充填する前記のいずれかに記載の充填部材の施工方法で、貯留部の底面全面に、先ず雨水等を誘導する方向を設定して１段目の充填部材を縦横に並べて敷詰め、２段目以降の充填部材は１段目の充填部材と誘導方向を揃えて上下に積み重ねて施工することを特徴とする。
【００１７】
このように構成された本発明の充填部材の施工方法は、貯留部の底面全面に１段目の充填部材を並べて敷詰めるときに、その誘導方向又は傾斜板部の傾斜方向を所定の方向に設定しておけば、２段目以降の多数の充填部材は１段目の充填部材のマークに合わせて積み重ねるだけなので、施工が容易に行える。また、１段目の充填部材と誘導方向が異なると重ね合わせることができないため、２段目以降の充填部材は誘導方向を確かめる必要がなく積み重ねることができ、作業時間の短縮を図ることができる。
【００１８】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設に使用する充填部材の一実施形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。なお、本実施の形態では、雨水等を貯留する貯留施設について先に説明し、次いで充填部材を詳細に説明する。図１は、本実施の形態に係る雨水等の貯留施設の断面図、図２は、図１の貯留部の上部に位置する被覆部材を省略した平面図、図３は、図１のＡ−Ａ線断面図である。
【００１９】
図１〜３において、雨水等の貯留施設は、大雨が降ったときに雨水を一時的に貯留し、河川流量が急激に増大するのを防止する流出抑制効果を有するものである。そして、貯留された雨水等を植木への散水や洗車用水、非常時の生活用水や防火用水として利用することもできるものであり、地面１を掘下げて形成した貯留部１０と、貯留部１０内に水平方向に並べて設置すると共に、上下方向に重ねる多数の充填部材３０と、充填部材３０の最上部に載置され貯留部１０の上部を覆う被覆部材４０とを備えている。
【００２０】
貯留部１０は、地面１を例えば１〜１０ｍ程度の深さで平面形状が矩形状に掘下げて掘削部２を造成し、底面は割栗石等を敷詰め突き固めて基礎部３を形成している。貯留部１０の底面は、基本的には平坦面となっており、底面の長辺方向の中央部には平坦面から一段落ち込んだ凹窪部１１が形成されている。この凹窪部１１は底面の短辺方向の全幅に亘って形成されている。凹窪部１１の底面及び貯留部１０の底面全面には、遮水シート１２が敷設されている。遮水シート１２としては厚さが１．５ｍｍ以上の合成ゴム又は樹脂系シート又はアスファルト系シートを使用している。そして、貯留部１０の底面の凹窪部１１には格子状のフレーム１４が嵌め込まれ、貯留部１０の底面は全面が略平坦となっている。
【００２１】
なお、割栗石等から形成される基礎部３上に保護ボード１３を敷き、その上に遮水シート１２を敷設するようにしてもよい。また、前記した保護ボード１３の代わりに、遮水シート１２の下に必要に応じてポリエステル系不織布シート等の基礎用シート（図示せず）を敷設し、遮水シート１２を基礎部３の割栗石から保護するようにしてもよい。さらに、凹窪部は貯留部の広さに応じて複数本形成し、複数の凹窪部に充填部材３０の後述する傾斜板部で雨水を誘導するようにしてもよい。
【００２２】
前記のように略平坦とされた貯留部１０の底面に、多数の充填部材３０が水平に並べられると共に、上下に重ねられて設置される。本実施の形態では、貯留部１０は図２に示すように充填部材３０を１段に２０個並設するスペースを有し、凹窪部１１の両端に対応する２ヶ所を除いた１８個を１段に並設している。この状態で充填部材３０を７段、直接積み重ねて小さいピッチとし、この上に充填部材３０を４段、連結部材３５を挟んで積み重ねて大きいピッチとしており、充填部材３０は貯留部１０内に充填されて雨水等の貯留空間を確保すると共に、上部の被覆部材４０を支持するものである。
【００２３】
２個の充填部材が除かれた貯留部１０内を上下方向に貫通するスペースには、凹窪部１１に連通する角型マンホール１５，１６を設置している。そして、充填部材３０の傾斜板部で誘導された雨水が砂等と共に凹窪部１１に誘導され落下する構成となっている。また、この角型マンホール１５，１６は、凹窪部１１に堆積された砂等の堆積物を除去する際に、バキューム管や洗浄水を噴射する管を通すスペースとして利用されると共に、貯留部１０の雨水を空にして内部状況を点検できるようにマンホールの内周壁には点検孔が穿口されている。
【００２４】
つぎに、前記した貯留施設の貯留部内に充填される充填部材について、図４〜６を参照して詳細に説明する。図４，５は、図１の施設に使用する充填部材の上方の斜視図と、下方の斜視図、図６は図４のＢ−Ｂ線断面図と、Ｃ−Ｃ線断面図である。図４〜６において、充填部材３０は、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、塩化ビニル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等の熱可塑性プラスチックや、これらの廃プラスチック等から形成され、貯留部１０の上部を覆う被覆部材４０の垂直荷重、及び水圧による水平荷重を支持し、貯留部１０の空間を確保する４本の柱状の連結部３１と、４本の連結部３１に固定され水平面に対して５度程度の角度で傾斜する傾斜板部３２とから構成されている。
【００２５】
傾斜板部３２は厚さが４〜５ｍｍ程度の肉厚の板材で形成され、流入した雨水等を所定方向に誘導する誘導手段を構成する。傾斜板部３２の傾斜方向Ｓは、矢印の先端が低い方向となっており、傾斜角度が緩やかな場合砂等が雨水と共に流れずに滞留するため、５度程度の傾斜角度が好ましい。充填部材３０は、例えば１辺が５０ｃｍ〜１ｍ程度の正方形の傾斜板部３２と、傾斜板部の四隅に上下に延びる連結部３１とから構成され、連結部は高さが１０〜１５ｃｍ程度の三角柱で形成され、１辺が５０ｃｍ〜１ｍ程度で高さが１０〜１５ｃｍ程度の直方体に納まるような形状をしている。
【００２６】
なお、充填部材３０の大きさは、１辺が３０ｃｍ程度の大きさでも、また１辺が１ｍ以上の大きさでもよい。また、充填部材３０の傾斜板部３２は平板を傾斜させた例を示したが、平板でなく傾斜方向に沿って緩やかに凹んだ、あるいは緩やかに凸状に膨らんだ湾曲面でもよく、小さい段差が連続して勾配が付いた階段状の傾斜面でもよい。さらに、急勾配から緩勾配に途中で変化するような傾斜面で構成してもよい。要するに、流入する雨水が重力の作用により一定の方向にのみ流れるような傾斜面であればよい。
【００２７】
連結部３１は厚さが４〜５ｍｍ程度の肉厚の板材で形成され、大きい断面の三角パイプ状の上部柱部３１ａの下方には、上部柱部３１ａの内部に嵌合する小さい断面の三角パイプ状の下部柱部３１ｂが形成されている。したがって、充填部材３０の上部柱部３１ａに、他の充填部材３０の下部柱部３１ｂを内嵌させることにより充填部材３０同士を小さいピッチ、すなわち連結部３１の高さのピッチで積み重ねて連設することができる。三角パイプ状の連結部３１の底面と側面には上下に貫通孔３１ｃ，３１ｄが形成され、下方の貫通孔から雨水が進入することができ、側方の貫通孔から内部の空気が逃げることができる。なお、下部柱部３１ｂは、コーナー部が切欠かれているが連続したものでもよい。また、連結部３１内の底面は土砂等を傾斜板部３２に誘導するために、側面の貫通孔方向に傾斜していることが好ましい。
【００２８】
傾斜板部３２の下面には補強部が形成され、上面は平坦で緩やかな傾斜面となっている。補強部としては、所定の間隔で一体的に縦横に立設された格子状の補強リブ３３が形成されている。この補強リブ３３は傾斜板部３２の上下方向の中央部から上側の上下幅が一定で、中央部から下側に行くにしたがって上下幅が徐々に小さくなるように形成されている。この構成により、傾斜板部３２の上面に荷重が加わっても傾斜板部３２の変形は小さくなり、上面に施工者が載ってもひび割れ等の破損が生じることを防止できる。なお、補強リブは格子状でなくてもよいが、格子状にすると一方向のものと比較して強度が大きくなり好ましく、六角形のハニカム格子状が強度面からより好ましい。
【００２９】
傾斜板部３２には、補強リブ３３で囲まれた下方開口の空間が形成され、この空間の上部と連通する貫通孔３４が形成してある。この貫通孔３４は、下方開口の空間において傾斜板部３２の上方側の補強リブ３３に近接して穿設され、１つの空間に対して１つの貫通孔が穿設されている。この構成により、貯留部１０に下方から徐々に雨水が溜まって上昇してきたとき、この下方開口の空間に空気が溜まったままとならず、空気が貫通孔３４から上面側に移動して代わりに雨水が進入することができ、全ての空間に雨水が進入して浮力による充填部材の浮き上がりを防止することができることとなり、貯留部１０に雨水を充満させて所定の貯留量を確保することができるものとなる。
【００３０】
充填部材３０の傾斜板部３２上面には、この傾斜板部の傾斜方向、すなわち流入した雨水等を誘導する方向に沿ってクサビ状のマークＭが付されている。このマークＭは、充填部材３０を射出成形するときの成形型（図示せず）に刻設されており、射出成形後に離型すると例えば凹凸模様として形成されるものである。このマークＭは傾斜板部３２の勾配の上流部から下流部に向けて先細となっており、先細方向が誘導方向となっている。なお、マークＭは、前記のように成形時に刻接したものに限らず、成型後にマークを印刷したシール等を貼り付けたものでもよい。
【００３１】
充填部材３０は、前記のように柱状部３１の上部柱部３１ａに、他の充填部材３０の下部柱部３１ｂを内嵌させることにより充填部材３０同士を小さいピッチで連結できるとともに、連結部３１の上部に連結部材３５を挟んで積み上げることにより、大きいピッチで積み重ねて連設することができる。連結部材３５は三角パイプ状の連結部３１を繋ぐものであり、図７に示すように上方の大きい三角パイプ状の連結部３６は充填部材３０の下部柱部３１ｂを外嵌し、下方の小さい略三角パイプ状の連結部３７は充填部材３０の上部柱部３１ａに内嵌されるように構成されている。連結部材３５の高さを調整することにより、充填部材３０を積み重ねるピッチを任意に設定することができる。また、図示していないが、連結部の高さの大きい充填部材と、小さい充填部材の２種類の充填部材を準備し、小さいピッチ又は大きいピッチで積み重ねるようにしてもよい。なお、下方の連結部３７は一部が切欠かれているが、連続したものでもよい。
【００３２】
連結部材３５は外側の直交する垂直面に水平方向の接合部３８を備えている。垂直面の一方には接合凸部３８ａが突出形成され、垂直面の他方には接合凸部３８ａが嵌合する接合孔３８ｂが形成されている。接合凸部３８ａは、接合孔とほぼ同じ直径の根元の小径部と、その上部の先端が傾斜している大径部とから構成され、小径部と大径部に掛けてスリットが形成され、大径部は内側に湾曲して縮径することができる。この構成により、接合凸部３８ａは接合孔３８ｂに嵌合して保持され、連結部材３５同士を水平方向に接合することができる。連結部材３５は土砂を傾斜板部３２に誘導するために傾斜した仕切り板を備えており、この仕切り板の低い位置には貫通孔３９が形成され、雨水の進入と空気の排出も可能となっている。
【００３３】
連結部材３５は、図８（ａ）、図９（ａ）に示すように、接合部３８の接合凸部３８ａを接合孔３８ｂに嵌合させることにより２個の連結部材３５を接合することができる。このように２個を接合させた連結部材は、充填部材３０が貯留部１０の外周側に位置しているときに使用する。また、図８（ｂ）、図９（ｂ）に示すように、接合部３８の接合凸部３８ａを接合孔３８ｂに嵌合させることにより４個の連結部材３５を接合することができる。この場合は、充填部材３０が貯留部１０の中心側に位置しているときに使用する。なお、使用していない接合凸部３８ａで突出しているものは、刃物等で切断して平坦としてもよい。また、角型マンホール１５，１６の角部に対向する充填部材３０を接合するときは、図示していないが３個の連結部材を接合して使用する。
【００３４】
本実施の形態では、図２において左端の縦一列の４個の充填部材３０は雨水を誘導する傾斜方向Ｓ１が右方向に向くように、すなわち貯留部の中央の凹窪部１１に向けて誘導するように配置され、右端の縦一列の４個の充填部材３０も傾斜方向Ｓ１が左方向に向いて貯留部の中央の凹窪部１１に向けて誘導するように配置されている。そして、左端から２番目の縦一列の４個の充填部材３０は、上から順に傾斜方向Ｓが下向きＳ３、右向きＳ１、上向きＳ４、上向きＳ３になるように配置され、右端から２番目の縦一列の４個の充填部材３０は上から順に傾斜方向Ｓが下向きＳ３、左向きＳ１、左向きＳ１、上向きＳ３になるように配置される。中央上側の充填部材３０は、傾斜方向Ｓが同図において下向きＳ２になるように配置され、中央下側の充填部材３０は左向きＳ３になるように配置されている。
【００３５】
前記の傾斜方向は以下のように決定されている。第１に充填部材の傾斜方向Ｓ１は凹窪部１１に向けられる。第２に凹窪部の上部に位置する充填部材は傾斜方向Ｓ２のように流出側に向けられる。第３に連通路であるマンホール部分では、雨水が行き止まりにならないように別の方向に傾斜方向Ｓ３のように逃がす。そして、第４に隣同士の充填部材の傾斜方向が向き合わないように傾斜方向Ｓ４とする。この結果、流出側のマンホール部分では、一部の雨水が右回りに旋回する旋回流Ｓ５が生じて徐々に傾斜板部の隙間から落下するように構成される。なお、傾斜方向Ｓ３を右向きとし、右側の充填部材の傾斜方向Ｓ４を上向きにすることにより旋回流を中央より右側に、左回りとするようにしてもよい。
【００３６】
このため、雨水は充填部材３０により中央の凹窪部１１に向けて誘導されると共に、凹窪部１１に向けて徐々に落下して誘導される構成となっている。充填部材３０はこのような誘導方向で、小さいピッチで７段積み重ねたあと、連結部材３５を挟んで大きいピッチで４段積み重ねられる。なお、小さいピッチで積み重ねた場合は、傾斜板部３２は下段側の誘導方向の傾斜板部３２と僅かな段差で連続し、雨水を連続的に誘導できる。
【００３７】
このように１段に１８個連設して、１１段積み重ねられた充填部材３０は、基礎に相当する下半分が小さいピッチで積み重ねられて強度が大きくなっており、上半分は大きいピッチで空隙率が大きくなっている。また、充填部材３０を高く積み重ねると不安定となるが、上部の充填部材３０は連結部材３５の接合部３８で水平方向に接合されているため安定し、施工が容易となる。さらに、充填部材３０は積み重ね状態が安定しているため、上部の被覆部材４０を安定して支持することができ、雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設の耐久性を向上させることができる。
【００３８】
充填部材３０は、単位体積当たりの空隙率が高いことや、実用上十分な強度、耐久性を有することが要求されると共に、運搬施工が容易であり、維持管理が容易であることが要求され、耐荷重は例えば垂直方向は１平方メートル当たり５〜２０トン、水平方向は５〜１６トン、空隙率は９０％程度が好ましい。また、前記のように連結部３１に貫通孔やスリットを設けて内部に雨水等が入るようにして空隙率を上げることが好ましい。
【００３９】
充填部材３０が上下に１１段に積層され設置されたあと、充填部材３０の側面を覆う壁材２０が立設され、その外側に遮水シート２１が垂直方向に配置され、さらに外側には砂利や砕石等の埋め戻し材２２が掘削部２との間に充填される。壁材２０は、この外側に位置する遮水シート２１が貯留部１０の空間に入り込むのを防止している。遮水シート２１は貯留部１０の底面に敷いたものと同等の合成ゴム又は樹脂系シートを使用し、底面の遮水シート１２と漏水しないように、融着又は防水性の接着剤等で接合されている。遮水シート２１を砂利等の埋め戻し材２２から保護するため、遮水シート２１の外側に壁材２０と同等の保護板２３を配置してもよい。
【００４０】
なお、貯留施設でなく、浸透施設とする場合は、遮水シート１２，２１の代わりに、例えばポリエステルとポリプロピレンの複合張合わせをした透水シートを敷設する。浸透型の施設の場合、貯留部に溜まった雨水等を徐々に地面に浸透させる。また、貯留と浸透の両方の機能を持たせる場合は、底面を遮水シート１２とし、側面の途中まで遮水シート２１を敷設し、側面の途中から上を透水シートで覆うようにする。この貯留浸透型の施設の場合、上半分の透水シートから雨水等を徐々に地面に浸透させ、下半分は貯留して利用する。
【００４１】
貯留部１０には、周辺に降った雨水等を集める側溝等からの導水管２５が接続される。そして導水管２５の途中には泥溜め枡２６が設置され、雨水中の砂や泥が沈殿され、上澄み水が貯留部１０に導水管２５によって導入される構成となっている。導水管２５は複数本が泥溜め枡２６から延出して貯留部１０の壁材２０と遮水シート２１を貫通して等間隔に挿入されている。なお、複数の導水管２５は、その長さを変えて貯留部１０の奥に雨水を流入させるように構成してもよい。これにより、貯留部１０の長辺方向に沿って均一に雨水等を導入することができる。
【００４２】
貯留部１０の上部からオーバーフロー管２７が突出しており、貯留部１０の下部からはオリフィス管２８が突出している。オーバーフロー管２７は貯留部１０が満水に近い状態となると上部から放流するものである。オリフィス管２８は貯留部１０に溜められた雨水を徐々に流出させるものであり、オリフィスの径を調整して流出量を調整できる。貯留部１０に溜まった雨水を利用するときには、貯留部１０内の雨水をポンプで汲み上げて、植木への散水や洗車用水として利用することもできる。
【００４３】
貯留部１０の上部開口は被覆部材４０が覆っている。被覆部材４０は多数の充填部材３０の上部に載置される被覆ボード４１と、この上に敷設された遮水シート４２と、この上に埋め戻された埋め戻し層４３とから構成される。被覆ボード４１は、図示していないが充填部材３０の上部の連結部が嵌合する凹部を有すると充填部材に安定して載置できて好ましい。被覆ボード４１の角型マンホール１５，１６に対応する位置に連通口１７を固定する。そして、遮水シート４２を連通口１７に接合すると共に、遮水シート４２と側面の遮水シート２１は重ね合わせて側面で接合する。これにより凹窪部１１は、角型マンホール１５，１６と、連通口１７を通して地面に開口し、連通口１７から洗浄水やバキューム等のホースを挿入して凹窪部１１にホースの先端を到達させることができる。連通口１７は通常は図示していない蓋により閉じられている。なお、遮水シート４２の上に、保護ボード４４や保護シートを敷くようにしてもよい。
【００４４】
このようにして貯留部１０は、底面の遮水シート１２と、側面の遮水シート２１とにより、雨水等を貯留することができ、遮水シート１２，２１と上面の被覆部材４０の遮水シート４２とにより内部空間が構成される。そして、被覆部材４０の埋め戻し層４３により、地面１と同じ平面に埋め戻される。なお、貯留部１０の上部の遮水シート４２を透水シートで構成し、貯留部１０の上部に降った雨水を埋め戻し層４３、透水シート、被覆ボード４１を通して直接、貯留部１０に貯留するようにしてもよい。また、被覆部材は前記の構成に限らず、充填部材の上部に単にコンクリート板等を並べるような構成でもよい。
【００４５】
前記の如く構成された本実施形態の雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設の貯留部に、充填部材３０を水平方向に並べて、上下方向に積み重ねる連設施工動作について以下に説明する。地面１を掘下げて掘削部２を形成し、掘削部２の底面に基礎部３を形成する。基礎部３の長辺方向の中央部に短辺方向に全幅に亘って凹窪部１１を形成する。
【００４６】
貯留部１０の底面に遮水シート１２を敷き、フレーム１４を嵌め込んだあと、貯留部１０の底面に充填部材３０の１段目を並べる。この１段目の連設作業において、各充填部材３０は図２に示すような方向で敷詰められる。図２において、例えば左端側の４つの充填部材はマークＭが貯留部１０の中央を向くように、すなわち傾斜方向Ｓ１に合わせて配置され、右端側の４つの充填部材はマークＭが中央を向くように、すなわち傾斜方向Ｓ１に合わせて配置される。同様にして、１段目の連設作業は傾斜方向Ｓ１〜Ｓ４に合わせて行われ、貯留部１０の最下段（１段目）に充填部材３０を傾斜板部３２が所定の方向に向くように１８個を全面に並べる。１段目の充填部材の敷詰め完了後、施工責任者が誘導方向の確認をすることが好ましい。
【００４７】
貯留部１０の底面全面に、１段目の充填部材を敷詰めたあと、その上に２段目の充填部材３０を積み重ねる。２段目の充填部材３０は１段目の充填部材３０の連結部３１の上部柱部３１ａに、２段目の充填部材３０の下部柱部３１ｂを内嵌させて直接連結し、小さいピッチで積み重ねられる。２段目の充填部材３０は、既に底面全面に敷詰められた１段目の充填部材３０のマークＭに合わせて、傾斜板部３２が所定の方向に向くように積み重ねることができるため、施工が容易で、間違えることなく短時間で終了する。なお、最下段に貫通孔を多数穿設した下地ボードを敷き、その上に充填部材３０を積み重ねるようにしてもよい。
【００４８】
充填部材３０は正方形の傾斜板部３２の四隅に連結部３１が突出し、傾斜板部３２は下面側に補強リブ３３が形成され上面側は平坦であるため、施工者が傾斜板部３２上に容易に載ることができ、不要な突出物が無いため施工が容易となる。また、傾斜板部３２は補強されているため変形が少なく破損を防止でき、作業効率を上げることができる。さらに、マークＭは、上面に凹凸状態で刻設してあるので、施工者が載ったときに傾斜板部で滑るのを防止できる。このようにして、貯留部１０内に充填部材３０を本実施の形態では小さいピッチで、すなわち充填部材３０同士を直接７段積み重ねる。
【００４９】
このあと、充填部材３０の連結部３１の上に、連結部材３５を挟んで充填部材３０を積み重ねる。すなわち、１つの充填部材３０の４つの連結部３１の上部柱部３１ａに、４つの連結部材３５の下方の連結部３７を内嵌させ、連結部材３５の上方の連結部３６に充填部材３０の下部柱部３１ｂを内嵌させる。連結部３１が貯留部１０のコーナーに位置しているときは連結部３１の上部に１つの連結部材３５を重ねて押し込む。また、貯留部１０の外周で連結部３１，３１が２つ並んでいるときは、図８（ａ）に示すように２つの連結部材３５を接合部３８で接合して、２つの連結部３１，３１に重ねて押し込む。
【００５０】
さらに、貯留部１０の中間部では４つの連結部３１…が接しているが、この場合は図８（ｂ）に示すように４つの連結部材３５…を接合部３８で接合してから、４つの連結部３１…の上に載せて押し込む。角型マンホール１５，１６に接している充填部材３０は、３つの連結部材３５を接合して３つの連結部３１の上に載せて押し込む。これにより、２〜４つの連結部材３５は接合凸部３８ａを接合孔３８ｂに嵌合させて水平方向に連結されているため、７段積み重ねられた充填部材３０の上部が揺れて不安定になることを防止できる。
【００５１】
このようにして７段目の充填部材３０と８段目の充填部材３０を連結部材３５で連結し、連結部材３５同士は接合部３８により水平方向に関連付けられるため整然と並べることができ、充填部材３０の垂直方向の強度を向上させることができる。この８段面目の連結部材３５を挟んだ積み重ねも、７段目の充填部材３０上のマークＭを見ながら積み重ねできるため、連設作業が容易で短時間で行え、異なった方向での連設を防止できる。
【００５２】
同様にして、９段目から１１段目まで連結部材３５を挟んで３段積み重ねて充填部材３０の積み重ね動作を完了する。充填部材３０が積み重ねられ、施工者が載る面が底面から高くなると充填部材３０が揺れて施工しにくくなるが、上部の充填部材３０は連結部材３５で水平方向に繋げられるため充填部材３０の水平方向の揺れを防止でき、施工者が安定して作業できるため作業効率が向上し施工が容易となる。充填部材３０は下部が小さいピッチで積み重ねられ強度が向上し、上部が大きいピッチで積み重ねられ空隙率が向上する。
【００５３】
この貯留施設の周辺に雨が降り、側溝等により雨水が集められて泥溜め枡２６に流入し、ここで泥分が沈殿されて上澄み水が導水管２５から貯留部１０に導入される。貯留部１０に雨水が導入されると、上部の大きいピッチの充填部材３０で雨水及び砂や小砂利等は傾斜板部３２で中央に向けて誘導され、上段の充填部材３０から落ちた砂等は下段の充填部材３０で中央に誘導され、砂等を含む雨水は凹窪部１１の方向に誘導され落下する。そして砂等の固形分は凹窪部１１に沈殿する。従って、貯留部１０の底面全面に亘って、砂や汚泥が堆積することがなく、傾斜板部３２によって誘導された凹窪部１１に砂や汚泥が集中して堆積する。しかも、雨水が流入する際に、自動的に砂等が所定の方向に誘導され自浄されるため、固形分を充填部材から取り除くための洗浄等の操作を必要としない。
【００５４】
雨水が徐々に上昇し充填部材３０の補強リブ３３に到達すると、補強リブ３３に囲まれた下方開口の空間の空気は雨水面に押されて空気は貫通孔３４から逃げ、空間内には雨水が充満する。そして、補強リブ３３に囲まれた次の空間にも雨水が進入して充満され、このように下方に開口する空間内にも徐々に雨水を充填させることができ、貯留部１０内に雨水を効率良く貯留することができ、空隙率を高めることができる。
【００５５】
雨水に含まれる砂や汚泥は少量であるが、貯留施設を長期間使用すると砂等は徐々に堆積して量が増していく。また、降雨が激しいときは、泥溜め枡２６を通過して流入する砂等が増える。このようにして凹窪部１１に堆積した砂等の堆積物は、地面に開口する連通口１７から目視で判断することができ、ある程度の量となった時点で連通口１７から、例えばバキューム管を角型マンホール１５，１６に挿入して砂等の堆積物を吸い出して除去する。また、一方の角型マンホール１５から高圧洗浄水を噴射し、他方の角型マンホール１６から吸い出すと効率よく堆積物を除去できる。このため、貯留部１０に砂等が堆積して内容積が減少し、雨水の貯留量が減ることを防止できる。
【００５６】
降雨量が多く、導水管２５から多量の雨水等が流れ込み貯留部１０が満水状態となると、貯留部上部のオーバーフロー管２７から雨水は流出し、図示していない下水管等に排水される。貯留部１０内に溜められた貯留水を散水等に利用するときは、貯留部内の雨水をポンプで汲み上げて利用することができる。また、オリフィス管２８の途中に取水枡を設けて、ここから貯留水を取水して利用するようにしてもよい。
【００５７】
本発明の充填部材の他の実施形態を図１０に基づき詳細に説明する。図１０は、それぞれ本発明に係る充填部材の他の実施形態の斜視図である。なお、この実施形態は前記した実施形態に対し、誘導方向を示すマークの形状が異なっていることを特徴とする。そして、他の実質的に同等の構成については同じ符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
【００５８】
図１０ａに示す充填部材３０Ａは、雨水等が重力により誘導される傾斜板部の上面に、下流側を示す矢印状のマークＭ１が付されている。また、図１０ｂに示す充填部材３０Ｂは、雨水等が重力により誘導される傾斜板部の上面に、下流側を示す円形のマークＭ２が付されている。マークＭ１，Ｍ２が付された充填部材３０Ａ，３０Ｂを上下方向に積み重ねるとき、既に固定された充填部材の方向を確認して上部に容易に積み重ねることができるため、連設施工作業を簡略化でき、施工のスピードアップを図ることができる。なお、マークの形状は前記のものに限らず傾斜板部の誘導方向を明示できるものなら形状は問わない。
【００５９】
この実施形態においても、充填部材３０を貯留部１０内に連設するとき、雨水等が流れる方向を示すマークＭ１，Ｍ２が上面の見やすい位置に付されているため、雨水等を誘導する方向の確認が容易に行え、方向を間違えることが防止されるので砂等の固形分は確実に所定の凹窪部に誘導でき施設の長寿命化を達成でき、連設施工作業が容易に行えスピードアップが図れる。
【００６０】
本発明の充填部材のさらに他の実施形態を図１１に基づき詳細に説明する。図１１は、それぞれ本発明に係る充填部材の他の実施形態の斜視図である。なお、この実施形態は前記した実施形態に対し、上下に積み重ねる充填部材の雨水等を誘導する方向が互いに異なっている場合には積み重ねることができないように、少なくとも１つの連結部の形状及び／又は位置が残りの連結部と異なっていることを特徴とする。すなわち、上下の充填部材の誘導方向が一致したときのみ重ね合わせて連設できるものである。そして、他の実質的に同等の構成については同じ符号を付して詳細な説明は省略する。
【００６１】
図１１ａに示す充填部材３０Ｃは、４つのコーナー部に形成された三角柱状の連結部の大きさが１つだけ異なっているものである。すなわち、３つの三角柱状の連結部３１に対して、もう１つの三角柱状の連結部３１Ａは形状が異なって外形が大きく設定されている。このため、積み重ねようとしている充填部材の雨水等が流れる方向と、既に積み重ねられた下方の充填部材の誘導方向とが異なっていると４つの連結部を全て嵌合させることができず、誘導方向が異なった状態での積み重ねは確実に防止される。
【００６２】
また、図１１ｂに示す充填部材３０Ｄは、３つの連結部３１と形状の異なる１つの連結部３１Ｂとを備えており、連結部３１Ｂは四角柱状に形成されている。図１１ｃに示す充填部材３０Ｅは、３つの連結部３１と形状の異なる１つの連結部３１Ｃとを備えており、連結部３１Ｃは三角柱状の連結部が内側にオフセットされて位置が変化した状態で形成されている。
【００６３】
この２つの充填部材３０Ｄ，３０Ｅも、上下方向に積み重ねるときに誘導方向が下段の既に積み重ねられた充填部材の誘導方向と一致しないと連設することができないため、連設時に方向を間違えることを防止できる。これにより、多数の充填部材の誘導方向が確実に設定された方向になり、砂等を所望の方向に誘導できるため施設の長寿命化を達成でき、施工時間を短縮することができるので施工のスピードアップが可能となる。
【００６４】
以上、本発明の一実施形態について詳述したが、本発明は、前記の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲に記載された本発明の精神を逸脱しない範囲で、種々の設計変更を行うことができるものである。例えば、充填部材の連結部として、三角柱状の連結部の例を示したが、四角柱状や円柱状等、他の形状でもよいことは勿論である。
【００６５】
また、傾斜板部の上方に「上」あるいは「ＵＰ」等のマークを付し、傾斜板部の下方に「下」あるいは「ＤＯＷＮ」等のマークを付して雨水等を誘導する方向を表示してもよい。さらに、前記のマークを傾斜板部の１個所、例えば上方に「上」のマークだけを付けても連設作業を容易に行え、短時間の施工を可能とすることができる。誘導方向が一致したときのみ上下に連結できる構成として、充填部材の連結部の少なくとも１つの形状及び／又は位置が異なる例を示したが、２つ異なっているように構成してもよい。
【００６６】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明から理解できるように、本発明の充填部材は、充填部材を水平方向に並べ、垂直方向に積み重ねる連設施工作業時に、雨水が流れる誘導方向を容易に確認できるため、施工作業が容易に行える。また、誘導方向が異なった状態での連設を防止できるため、砂等を確実に所定の方向に誘導して所定の場所に堆積させることができ、施設の寿命を延ばすことができる。
【００６７】
さらに、本発明の充填部材の施工方法によれば、先ず１段目の底面全面に誘導する方向を決めて充填部材を敷詰め、２段目以降の充填部材は１段目の充填部材に合わせて積み重ねることができ、あるいは１段目の充填部材と誘導方向が異なると連結部を上下方向に積み重ねることができないため、多数の充填部材を決められた方向に確実に、しかも容易に積み重ねることができ、施工作業を短時間で終了できスピードアップを達成できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明に係る充填部材が使用される雨水等を貯留及び／又は浸透する施設の一実施形態の断面図。
【図２】図１の上部の被覆部材を省略した状態の平面図。
【図３】図１のＡ−Ａ線断面図。
【図４】図１の施設に使用する充填部材の上方の斜視図。
【図５】図１の施設に使用する充填部材の下方の斜視図。
【図６】（ａ）は図４のＢ−Ｂ線断面図、（ｂ）は図４のＣ−Ｃ線断面図。
【図７】図１の施設に使用する連結部材を示し、（ａ）は上方の斜視図、（ｂ）は下方の斜視図。
【図８】（ａ）は図７の連結部材を２つ組んだ状態の斜視図、（ｂ）は４つ組んだ状態の斜視図。
【図９】（ａ）は図７の連結部材を２つ組んだ状態の平面図、（ｂ）は４つ組んだ状態の平面図。
【図１０】（ａ）、（ｂ）は、それぞれ充填部材の他の実施形態の斜視図。
【図１１】（ａ）〜（ｃ）は、それぞれ充填部材のさらに他の実施形態の斜視図。
【符号の説明】
１…地面、２…掘削部、３…基礎部、１０…貯留部、１１…凹窪部、１２，２１…遮水シート、１４…フレーム、１５，１６…角型マンホール（連通路）、１７…連通口、２０…壁材、３０，３０Ａ，３０Ｂ，３０Ｃ，３０Ｄ，３０Ｅ…充填部材、３１，３１Ａ，３１Ｂ，３１Ｃ…連結部、３２…傾斜板部（誘導手段）、３３…補強リブ（補強部）、３４…貫通孔、３５…連結部材、３８…接合部、３８ａ…接合凸部、３８ｂ…接合孔、４０…被覆部材、４１…被覆ボード、４２…遮水シート、４３…埋め戻し層、Ｓ，Ｓ１〜Ｓ４…傾斜方向（誘導方向）Ｓ５…旋回流、Ｍ，Ｍ１，Ｍ２…マーク[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a filling member used for a facility for storing and / or infiltrating rainwater or the like and filling a storage portion, and in particular, a filling member capable of efficiently guiding sand or the like flowing together with rainwater in a predetermined direction and facilitating construction. And its construction method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, for example, in a large-scale residential land development site, regulating ponds are created at intervals and scales corresponding to the development area. This regulating pond, for example, digs down the ground by about 1 m to form a reservoir for rainwater, etc., and connects this reservoir to drains from surrounding residential areas and road gutters. Temporary storage of rainwater, etc., to prevent the accumulation of rainwater in surrounding residential areas, flooding of rivers, and outflow of sewage into rivers. In some cases, a permeation type storage unit is used in which the periphery of the storage unit is formed of a water-permeable sheet so that rainwater gradually penetrates into the ground. By forming the wall surface of the storage unit with a water-permeable sheet in this way, or by forming a water-permeable sheet, or by forming a lower part with a water-permeable sheet and forming an upper part with a water-permeable sheet, a storage facility, a permeation facility, It functions as a storage and infiltration facility.
[0003]
As this kind of storage and infiltration facilities for rainwater and the like, there is a storage and infiltration facility for rainwater and the like described in Patent Document 1. The technology described in this publication is that a tank portion is formed by digging the ground, a plurality of container-like members are arranged vertically and horizontally and filled from the bottom to the vicinity of the ground line, and a covering means is provided on the top. It is characterized by having performed. Further, the container-shaped member is constituted by a bottom having a large number of holes and a peripheral side plate, and is formed in a tapered shape which becomes smaller toward the bottom.
[0004]
As a device for storing rainwater, there is a rainwater storage device described in Patent Document 2. The technology described in this publication is that, inside a water tank formed by digging down the ground, a synthetic resin filler having a plurality of columns is arranged vertically and horizontally and stacked vertically and filled, and a covering means is provided thereon. A water sprinkling pipe having a plurality of water injection holes at least between columns of a synthetic resin filling body formed at a bottom surface of a water storage tank and having a groove for discharging solid content, or a large number of exhaust pipes. An aeration pipe having holes is provided, and an object of the present invention is to provide a rainwater storage device which can easily remove solid matter deposited on a packing body and is easy to maintain.
[0005]
Furthermore, in this type of storage infiltration facility, a certain amount of sand or pebbles is mixed with rainwater, etc., to prevent sand and pebbles from entering the facility and accumulating sand etc. over a long period of time to reduce the storage volume. The applicant of the present invention has filed a storage infiltration facility that collects and deposits at a predetermined position by guiding in the direction, easily removes the deposit, and restores the internal capacity, and a filling member used for this facility. The filling member used in this facility is formed of, for example, plastic and is filled vertically and horizontally and vertically in the storage facility, and has an inclined plate portion for guiding rainwater and the like in a predetermined direction.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-26648 (Claims 1 to 3; FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2000-160606 (Claims 1, 2 and FIG. 2)
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the storage infiltration facility of Patent Document 1 described above is provided with a mud basin in the inflow section to prevent sand and sludge from flowing into the storage section together with rainwater. Sand and sludge that have passed through the storage basin settle and accumulate on the bottom of the storage unit. The storage section is filled with container-like members arranged vertically and horizontally and vertically, and it is difficult to remove accumulated sand and sludge. For this reason, there is a possibility that the internal volume of the storage part gradually decreases and the amount of rainwater stored decreases, and if the internal volume becomes extremely small, the reservoir does not function as a regulating pond. In such a case, it takes time and labor to excavate the existing regulating pond, clean the filling member after removing it, and then re-install the filling member. In addition, a new storage and infiltration facility will be created as needed, and new land will be required, which will hinder the effective use of land.
[0008]
Further, the rainwater storage device of Patent Document 2 described above has a problem that since a water sprinkling pipe and an air diffusing pipe are separately disposed inside the water storage tank, the configuration becomes complicated, the production of the apparatus becomes complicated, and the cost increases. is there. Further, since the water sprinkling pipe and the air diffusing pipe are located in the water storage tank, there is a problem that the porosity of the water storage tank is correspondingly reduced and the water storage amount is reduced. Furthermore, when removing the solids deposited on the filling body with a sprinkler pipe, it is necessary to empty the water storage tank and spray high-pressure water from the sprinkler pipe.
[0009]
Furthermore, as described above, the storage and infiltration facility according to the present applicant's application is very innovative because sediment can be easily removed, but it is necessary to determine the guiding direction when stacking the filling members and stack them. is there. In other words, if piled up in the wrong direction at the time of construction, sand etc. cannot be guided in the predetermined direction, and it will be dispersed and deposited over a large area on the bottom surface, so its function will be lost, and when filling up It is necessary to carry out the construction while checking the guiding direction of the members. As a result, there is a problem that, compared with the conventional construction of the filling member having no directivity, the work of stacking and arranging vertically and horizontally is complicated and the construction speed is reduced.
[0010]
The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to easily perform a continuous construction work of a filling member capable of guiding sand, pebbles, and the like in a certain direction, and perform a construction work. The object of the present invention is to provide a filling member capable of speeding up. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method of constructing a filling member in which a filling member can be easily connected in a row and a facility for storing and / or penetrating rainwater or the like can be efficiently constructed in a short period of time. .
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a filling member according to the present invention is used for a facility that stores and / or infiltrates rainwater and the like, and is filled vertically and horizontally and vertically in a storage part that stores rainwater and the like. The filling member includes guide means for guiding rainwater or the like flowing into the storage part in a predetermined direction by gravity, and the guide means has a mark indicating a direction in which the rainwater or the like is guided. .
[0012]
The filling member of the present invention configured as described above indicates the guiding direction to the guiding means at the time of continuous construction in which the filling members are arranged vertically and horizontally in a space that secures the internal volume of the facility that stores and / or penetrates and is stacked up and down. Since the mark is attached, it is possible to confirm the guiding direction while looking at the mark and easily connect the guides. For this reason, it is possible to prevent the wrong guiding direction and to reliably guide the sand or the like in a predetermined direction, to achieve a longer life of this kind of facility, and to improve the efficiency of the construction work.
[0013]
As another aspect of the filling member according to the present invention, it is used for a facility for storing and / or infiltrating rainwater and the like, and vertically and horizontally and vertically filling a storage portion for storing rainwater and the like, The filling member includes a plurality of connecting portions stacked vertically and an inclined plate portion for guiding rainwater or the like flowing into the storage portion in a predetermined guiding direction, and the connecting portion has at least one shape and / or position remaining. And the connecting portion can be vertically connected only when the guiding directions match. That is, if the directions are different, the connection cannot be established.
[0014]
When the filling member of this configuration fills the storage part of the facility that stores and / or penetrates, if the guiding direction of the first-stage filling member from the bottom surface is set in advance, the filling members of the second and subsequent stages are not filled. The guidance direction becomes a fixed direction only by stacking in accordance with the first-stage filling members, and the directions of a large number of filling members can be surely adjusted to the predetermined directions. For this reason, the service life of the facility can be prolonged, and the efficiency of the work of continuously connecting the filling members can be improved, and the work time can be reduced.
[0015]
Further, as a preferred specific mode of the filling member according to the present invention, the inclined plate portion serving as a guiding means is characterized by having a mark indicating a guiding direction on an upper surface thereof, and is formed of a thermoplastic plastic. Preferably. According to this configuration, when the filling members are arranged in the horizontal direction at the first step on the bottom surface of the storage section, the guiding direction of the inclined plate section can be easily confirmed and arranged, and the construction work can be shortened. it can.
[0016]
The method for constructing a filling member according to the present invention is the filling method according to any one of the above, wherein the filling member is used for a facility that stores and / or infiltrates rainwater and the like, and is vertically and horizontally and vertically connected in a storage part that stores rainwater and the like. In the construction method of the members, the direction to guide rainwater etc. is first set on the entire bottom surface of the storage part, the first-stage filling members are arranged vertically and horizontally, and the second and subsequent filling members are filled in the first stage. It is characterized by stacking up and down with the members and the guiding direction aligned.
[0017]
The construction method of the filling member of the present invention configured as described above, when the first-stage filling member is laid side by side over the entire bottom surface of the storage portion, the guiding direction or the inclination direction of the inclined plate portion in a predetermined direction. If it is set, a large number of filling members in the second and subsequent stages are simply stacked according to the mark of the first-stage filling member, so that the work can be easily performed. In addition, since the filling member cannot be overlapped with the first-stage filling member if the guiding direction is different, the filling members of the second and subsequent stages can be stacked without having to check the guiding direction, and the working time can be reduced. .
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a filling member used in a facility for storing and / or penetrating rainwater according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the present embodiment, a storage facility for storing rainwater and the like will be described first, and then a filling member will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a storage facility for rainwater or the like according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a plan view in which a covering member located above a storage unit in FIG. 1 is omitted, and FIG. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A.
[0019]
In FIGS. 1 to 3, a storage facility for rainwater or the like temporarily stores rainwater when heavy rain falls, and has a runoff suppressing effect of preventing a rapid increase in river flow. The stored rainwater or the like can be used as water for watering plants, water for car washing, water for daily life in emergency, or water for fire prevention. The storage part 10 formed by digging the ground 1 and the inside of the storage part 10 And a plurality of filling members 30 that are arranged in the horizontal direction and stacked vertically, and a covering member 40 that is placed on the top of the filling members 30 and covers the upper part of the storage unit 10.
[0020]
The storage unit 10 forms the excavation unit 2 by digging the ground 1 into a rectangular shape at a depth of, for example, about 1 to 10 m, and forming the base unit 3 by laying and crushing the bottom surface with cracked stones and the like. I have. The bottom surface of the storage unit 10 is basically a flat surface, and a concave portion 11 which is one step lower than the flat surface is formed at the center of the bottom surface in the long side direction. The concave portion 11 is formed over the entire width of the bottom surface in the short side direction. A water-blocking sheet 12 is laid on the bottom surface of the concave portion 11 and the entire bottom surface of the storage portion 10. As the water-blocking sheet 12, a synthetic rubber or resin sheet or asphalt sheet having a thickness of 1.5 mm or more is used. A lattice-shaped frame 14 is fitted into the concave recess 11 on the bottom surface of the storage unit 10, and the entire bottom surface of the storage unit 10 is substantially flat.
[0021]
In addition, you may make it lay the protection board 13 on the base part 3 formed from split stone, etc., and lay the impermeable sheet 12 on it. In addition, a base sheet (not shown) such as a polyester-based nonwoven fabric sheet is laid under the waterproof sheet 12 as necessary, instead of the protective board 13, and the waterproof sheet 12 is divided by the base 3. You may make it protect from Kuriishi. Further, a plurality of concave portions may be formed in accordance with the size of the storage portion, and rainwater may be guided to the plurality of concave portions by a later-described inclined plate portion of the filling member 30.
[0022]
A large number of the filling members 30 are horizontally arranged on the bottom surface of the storage unit 10 which has been made substantially flat as described above, and are placed one above the other. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the storage unit 10 has a space for arranging 20 filling members 30 in one row, and 18 storage units except two locations corresponding to both ends of the concave portion 11 are provided. They are arranged side by side in one stage. In this state, the filling members 30 are directly stacked in seven stages to form a small pitch, and the filling members 30 are stacked in four stages and stacked with the connecting member 35 interposed therebetween to form a large pitch. Thus, a storage space for rainwater or the like is secured, and the upper covering member 40 is supported.
[0023]
Square manholes 15 and 16 communicating with the concave portion 11 are provided in a space vertically penetrating the storage portion 10 from which the two filling members are removed. Then, the rainwater guided by the inclined plate portion of the filling member 30 is guided to the concave portion 11 together with the sand or the like and falls. The rectangular manholes 15 and 16 are used as a space for passing a vacuum pipe or a pipe for injecting cleaning water when removing deposits such as sand deposited on the concave recesses 11, and are used as storage spaces. An inspection hole is formed in the inner peripheral wall of the manhole so that the rainwater of 10 can be emptied and the internal condition can be inspected.
[0024]
Next, a filling member to be filled in the storage section of the storage facility will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 are an upper perspective view and a lower perspective view of the filling member used in the facility of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line BB and a line CC of FIG. 4 to 6, the filling member 30 is formed of a thermoplastic plastic such as polyethylene, polypropylene, vinyl chloride, or polyethylene terephthalate, or a waste plastic thereof, and the like. And four columnar connecting portions 31 for supporting a horizontal load caused by water pressure and securing the space of the storage portion 10 and an inclined plate fixed to the four connecting portions 31 and inclined at an angle of about 5 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane And a unit 32.
[0025]
The inclined plate portion 32 is formed of a thick plate material having a thickness of about 4 to 5 mm, and constitutes guiding means for guiding inflow of rainwater or the like in a predetermined direction. The inclination direction S of the inclined plate portion 32 is a direction in which the tip of the arrow is low, and when the inclination angle is gentle, the sand or the like stays without flowing along with the rainwater and the inclination angle is preferably about 5 degrees. The filling member 30 includes, for example, a square inclined plate portion 32 having a side of about 50 cm to 1 m and a connecting portion 31 extending vertically at four corners of the inclined plate portion, and the connecting portion has a height of about 10 to 15 cm. It is formed of a triangular prism and has a shape such that one side is about 50 cm to 1 m and the height is about 10 to 15 cm.
[0026]
The size of the filling member 30 may be about 30 cm on one side, or 1 m or more on one side. Although the inclined plate portion 32 of the filling member 30 shows an example in which a flat plate is inclined, a curved surface which is not a flat plate but is gently concave or gently bulged in a direction of inclination may be used. May be a step-like inclined surface having a continuous slope. Further, it may be constituted by an inclined surface which changes in the middle from a steep gradient to a gentle gradient. In short, it is only necessary that the slope be such that the incoming rainwater flows only in a certain direction due to the action of gravity.
[0027]
The connecting portion 31 is formed of a thick plate material having a thickness of about 4 to 5 mm, and a triangle having a small cross section which fits inside the upper column portion 31 a is provided below the upper column portion 31 a having a large cross section. A pipe-shaped lower pillar 31b is formed. Therefore, the lower pillars 31b of the other fillers 30 are fitted inside the upper pillars 31a of the fillers 30 so that the fillers 30 are stacked at a small pitch, that is, at the pitch of the height of the connecting part 31, and are continuously connected. can do. Through holes 31c and 31d are formed vertically on the bottom and side surfaces of the triangular pipe-shaped connecting portion 31 so that rainwater can enter through the lower through hole and internal air can escape from the side through hole. it can. Note that the lower pillar portion 31b may have a continuous corner portion, although the corner portion is notched. Further, it is preferable that the bottom surface in the connecting portion 31 is inclined in the direction of the through hole on the side surface in order to guide soil and the like to the inclined plate portion 32.
[0028]
A reinforcing portion is formed on the lower surface of the inclined plate portion 32, and the upper surface is a flat and gentle inclined surface. As the reinforcing portion, a grid-like reinforcing rib 33 is formed integrally and vertically standing at predetermined intervals. The reinforcing ribs 33 are formed such that the upper and lower widths from the central portion in the vertical direction of the inclined plate portion 32 are constant, and the vertical width gradually decreases from the central portion to the lower side. With this configuration, even if a load is applied to the upper surface of the inclined plate portion 32, the deformation of the inclined plate portion 32 is reduced, and it is possible to prevent the occurrence of damage such as cracks even when a builder is placed on the upper surface. The reinforcing ribs need not be in the form of a lattice. However, the reinforcement ribs preferably have a higher strength than those in one direction, and the hexagonal honeycomb lattice is more preferable in terms of strength.
[0029]
In the inclined plate portion 32, a space of a lower opening surrounded by a reinforcing rib 33 is formed, and a through hole 34 communicating with an upper portion of the space is formed. The through hole 34 is formed near the reinforcing rib 33 on the upper side of the inclined plate portion 32 in the space of the lower opening, and one through hole is formed in one space. With this configuration, when rainwater gradually accumulates and accumulates in the storage unit 10 from below, the air does not remain in the space of the lower opening, and the air moves from the through hole 34 to the upper surface side and instead, The rainwater can enter, the rainwater can enter all the spaces, and the floating of the filling member due to buoyancy can be prevented, and the storage unit 10 can be filled with the rainwater to secure a predetermined storage amount. It will be.
[0030]
A wedge-shaped mark M is provided on the upper surface of the inclined plate portion 32 of the filling member 30 in a direction in which the inclined plate portion is inclined, that is, in a direction for guiding inflow of rainwater or the like. The mark M is engraved on a molding die (not shown) when the filling member 30 is injection-molded, and is formed, for example, as an uneven pattern when the mold is released after the injection molding. The mark M is tapered from the upstream portion of the gradient of the inclined plate portion 32 to the downstream portion, and the tapering direction is the guiding direction. In addition, the mark M is not limited to the one inscribed at the time of molding as described above, and may be a sticker or the like on which the mark is printed after molding.
[0031]
The filling member 30 can connect the filling members 30 at a small pitch by fitting the lower column 31b of the other filling member 30 into the upper column 31a of the column 31 as described above. By stacking the connecting member 35 on the upper part of the stack, it is possible to stack and connect them at a large pitch. The connecting member 35 connects the triangular pipe-shaped connecting portions 31. As shown in FIG. 7, the large upper triangular pipe-shaped connecting portion 36 fits the lower column 31b of the filling member 30 and the lower small triangular pipe-shaped connecting portion 36. The connecting portion 37 having a substantially triangular pipe shape is configured to be fitted inside the upper column portion 31 a of the filling member 30. By adjusting the height of the connecting member 35, the pitch at which the filling members 30 are stacked can be arbitrarily set. Although not shown, two types of filling members, a filling member having a large connecting portion and a small filling member, may be prepared and stacked at a small pitch or a large pitch. The lower connecting portion 37 is partially cut, but may be continuous.
[0032]
The connecting member 35 has a horizontal joint 38 on the outer perpendicular vertical plane. On one of the vertical surfaces, a joint convex portion 38a is formed so as to protrude, and on the other vertical surface, a joint hole 38b into which the joint convex portion 38a fits is formed. The joining protrusion 38a is composed of a small-diameter portion at the base having substantially the same diameter as the joining hole and a large-diameter portion having an inclined upper end, and a slit is formed over the small-diameter portion and the large-diameter portion, The large diameter portion can be curved inward to reduce the diameter. With this configuration, the joining protrusion 38a is fitted and held in the joining hole 38b, and the connecting members 35 can be joined in the horizontal direction. The connecting member 35 is provided with an inclined partition plate for guiding earth and sand to the inclined plate portion 32, and a through hole 39 is formed at a lower position of the partition plate, so that rainwater can enter and air can be discharged. ing.
[0033]
As shown in FIGS. 8A and 9A, the connecting member 35 can join the two connecting members 35 by fitting the joining protrusion 38a of the joining portion 38 into the joining hole 38b. it can. The connecting member formed by joining the two members is used when the filling member 30 is located on the outer peripheral side of the storage unit 10. Further, as shown in FIGS. 8B and 9B, the four connecting members 35 can be joined by fitting the joining protrusion 38a of the joining portion 38 into the joining hole 38b. In this case, it is used when the filling member 30 is located on the center side of the storage unit 10. In addition, the projecting portion that is not used and projecting at the joining convex portion 38a may be cut with a blade or the like to be flat. When joining the filling members 30 facing the corners of the square manholes 15 and 16, three connecting members (not shown) are joined and used.
[0034]
In the present embodiment, the four filling members 30 in a vertical column at the left end in FIG. 2 are guided so that the inclined direction S1 for guiding rainwater is directed rightward, that is, toward the concave portion 11 at the center of the storage portion. The four filling members 30 in one vertical line at the right end are also arranged so that the inclination direction S1 is directed leftward and directed toward the concave portion 11 at the center of the storage section. The four filling members 30 in the second vertical line from the left end are arranged so that the inclination direction S is downward S3, rightward S1, upward S4, and upward S3 in order from the top, and the second vertical line from the right end. The four filling members 30 are arranged so that the inclination direction S is downward S3, leftward S1, leftward S1, and upward S3 in order from the top. The upper middle filling member 30 is arranged so that the inclination direction S is downward S2 in the figure, and the lower middle filling member 30 is arranged leftward S3.
[0035]
The above-mentioned inclination direction is determined as follows. First, the inclination direction S 1 of the filling member is directed toward the concave recess 11. Secondly, the filling member located above the concave portion is directed to the outflow side as in the inclination direction S2. Thirdly, in the manhole portion which is a communication passage, rainwater escapes in another direction as in the inclined direction S3 so as not to reach a dead end. Fourth, the inclination direction is set to the inclination direction S4 so that the inclination directions of the adjacent filling members do not face each other. As a result, in the manhole part on the outflow side, a part of the rainwater generates a swirling flow S5 turning clockwise and is configured to gradually fall from the gap of the inclined plate part. The swirling flow may be counterclockwise and counterclockwise by setting the inclination direction S3 to the right and the inclination direction S4 of the right filling member to the upward.
[0036]
For this reason, the rainwater is guided toward the central concave portion 11 by the filling member 30 and gradually falls toward the concave portion 11 to be guided. After the filling members 30 are stacked in such a guiding direction at seven stages at a small pitch, they are stacked at four stages at a large pitch with the connecting member 35 interposed therebetween. In addition, when piled up at a small pitch, the inclined plate portion 32 is continuous with the inclined plate portion 32 in the guiding direction on the lower stage side with a slight step, and can continuously guide rainwater.
[0037]
In this way, the 18 filling members 30 connected in one stage and stacked in 11 stages have the lower half corresponding to the foundation stacked at a small pitch to increase the strength, and the upper half has a large pitch at the large pitch. The rate is growing. In addition, when the filling members 30 are stacked high, the filling members 30 become unstable. However, since the upper filling members 30 are joined in the horizontal direction at the joining portion 38 of the connecting member 35, the filling members 30 are stable and the construction is easy. Furthermore, since the filling member 30 is stably stacked, the upper covering member 40 can be stably supported, and the durability of a facility for storing and / or penetrating rainwater or the like can be improved.
[0038]
The filling member 30 is required to have a high porosity per unit volume, to have sufficient strength and durability for practical use, to be easily transported, and to be easily maintained and managed. The load bearing capacity is preferably, for example, 5 to 20 tons per square meter in the vertical direction, 5 to 16 tons in the horizontal direction, and a porosity of about 90%. Further, it is preferable to increase the porosity by providing a through-hole or a slit in the connecting portion 31 as described above so that rainwater or the like enters the inside.
[0039]
After the filling members 30 are vertically stacked and installed in 11 stages, a wall member 20 covering the side surface of the filling members 30 is erected, and a water-impervious sheet 21 is vertically disposed outside the wall members 20, and further gravel is outside. A backfill material 22 such as stone or crushed stone is filled between the excavation unit 2 and the backfill material 22. The wall material 20 prevents the water-impervious sheet 21 located on the outside from entering the space of the storage unit 10. The water-impervious sheet 21 uses a synthetic rubber or resin-based sheet equivalent to that laid on the bottom surface of the storage unit 10 and is bonded to the water-impervious sheet 12 on the bottom surface with a fusion or waterproof adhesive so as not to leak water. Have been. In order to protect the impermeable sheet 21 from the backfill material 22 such as gravel, a protection plate 23 equivalent to the wall material 20 may be arranged outside the impermeable sheet 21.
[0040]
In the case where the infiltration facility is used instead of the storage facility, for example, a water-permeable sheet made of a composite laminate of polyester and polypropylene is laid instead of the water-impermeable sheets 12 and 21. In the case of an infiltration type facility, rainwater and the like accumulated in the storage unit are gradually infiltrated into the ground. When both functions of storage and permeation are to be provided, the bottom surface is made of the water-permeable sheet 12, the water-permeable sheet 21 is laid to the middle of the side surface, and the upper part of the side surface is covered with the water-permeable sheet. In the case of this storage infiltration type facility, rainwater or the like is gradually penetrated into the ground from the upper permeable sheet, and the lower half is stored and used.
[0041]
A water pipe 25 is connected to the storage unit 10 from a gutter or the like that collects rainwater or the like that has fallen around. A mud basin 26 is provided in the middle of the water pipe 25, sand and mud in the rainwater are settled, and the supernatant water is introduced into the storage unit 10 by the water pipe 25. A plurality of water guide pipes 25 extend from the mud pool 26 and penetrate the wall material 20 of the storage unit 10 and the water shielding sheet 21 and are inserted at equal intervals. The plurality of water pipes 25 may be configured such that the length thereof is changed so that rainwater flows into the interior of the storage unit 10. Thereby, rainwater or the like can be introduced uniformly along the long side direction of the storage unit 10.
[0042]
An overflow pipe 27 protrudes from an upper part of the storage part 10, and an orifice pipe 28 protrudes from a lower part of the storage part 10. The overflow pipe 27 discharges from the upper part when the storage part 10 is almost full. The orifice pipe 28 is for gradually draining the rainwater stored in the storage unit 10, and the amount of the outflow can be adjusted by adjusting the diameter of the orifice. When rainwater collected in the storage unit 10 is used, the rainwater in the storage unit 10 can be pumped up and used as water for watering plants and water for car washing.
[0043]
The covering member 40 covers the upper opening of the storage unit 10. The covering member 40 is composed of a covering board 41 placed on top of a number of the filling members 30, a water-impervious sheet 42 laid on the covering board 41, and a backfill layer 43 backfilled on the covering board 41. Although not shown, it is preferable that the covering board 41 has a concave portion into which the connecting portion at the upper part of the filling member 30 is fitted so that it can be stably placed on the filling member. The communication port 17 is fixed to the covering board 41 at a position corresponding to the square manholes 15 and 16. Then, the water-impervious sheet 42 is joined to the communication port 17 and the water-impervious sheet 42 and the water-impervious sheet 21 on the side face are overlapped and joined on the side face. Thereby, the concave portion 11 is opened to the ground through the square manholes 15 and 16 and the communication port 17, and a hose such as washing water or vacuum is inserted from the communication port 17 to reach the tip of the hose to the concave portion 11. Can be done. The communication port 17 is normally closed by a lid (not shown). Note that a protection board 44 or a protection sheet may be laid on the water-impervious sheet 42.
[0044]
In this way, the storage unit 10 can store rainwater and the like by the water-impervious sheet 12 on the bottom surface and the water-impervious sheet 21 on the side surface. The seat 42 forms an internal space. Then, by the backfill layer 43 of the covering member 40, the backfill layer 43 is backfilled on the same plane as the ground 1. The water impermeable sheet 42 on the upper part of the storage part 10 is constituted by a water permeable sheet, and the rainwater falling on the upper part of the storage part 10 is stored in the storage part 10 directly through the backfill layer 43, the water permeable sheet, and the covering board 41. It may be. Further, the covering member is not limited to the above-described configuration, and may be configured such that a concrete plate or the like is simply arranged on the upper portion of the filling member.
[0045]
The continuous construction operation in which the filling members 30 are arranged in the horizontal direction in the storage section of the facility that stores and / or penetrates rainwater or the like configured as described above and are stacked vertically will be described below. The excavation part 2 is formed by digging the ground 1, and the base part 3 is formed on the bottom surface of the excavation part 2. A concave portion 11 is formed at the center of the base portion 3 in the long side direction over the entire width in the short side direction.
[0046]
After laying the impermeable sheet 12 on the bottom surface of the storage unit 10 and fitting the frame 14, the first stage of the filling member 30 is arranged on the bottom surface of the storage unit 10. In the first-stage continuous operation, the filling members 30 are laid in the directions shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, for example, the four filling members on the left end are arranged such that the mark M faces the center of the storage unit 10, that is, in alignment with the inclination direction S 1, and the four filling members on the right end have the mark M facing the center , That is, in accordance with the inclination direction S1. Similarly, the first-stage continuous work is performed in accordance with the inclination directions S 1 to S 4, and the filling member 30 is positioned at the lowermost stage (first stage) of the storage unit 10 so that the inclined plate portion 32 faces in a predetermined direction. 18 are arranged on the whole surface. After completing the filling of the first-stage filling member, it is preferable that the construction manager check the guiding direction.
[0047]
After filling the first-stage filling member over the entire bottom surface of the storage unit 10, the second-stage filling member 30 is stacked thereon. The second-stage filling member 30 is directly connected to the upper column portion 31a of the connecting portion 31 of the first-stage filling member 30 by fitting the lower column portion 31b of the second-stage filling member 30 therein at a small pitch. Stacked. The second-stage filling member 30 can be stacked so that the inclined plate portion 32 faces in a predetermined direction in accordance with the mark M of the first-stage filling member 30 already spread over the entire bottom surface. It is easy and completes in a short time without mistake. Note that a base board having a large number of through-holes may be laid at the bottom, and the filling member 30 may be stacked thereon.
[0048]
The connecting member 31 protrudes from the four corners of the square inclined plate portion 32 of the filling member 30, and the reinforcing plate 33 is formed on the lower surface side of the inclined plate portion 32 and the upper surface side is flat. It can be easily mounted and there is no unnecessary protrusion, so that the construction is easy. In addition, since the inclined plate portion 32 is reinforced, the deformation is small, damage can be prevented, and work efficiency can be improved. Further, since the mark M is engraved on the upper surface in an uneven state, it can be prevented from slipping on the inclined plate portion when the constructor is put on. In this way, in the present embodiment, the filling members 30 are directly stacked in the storage unit 10 at a small pitch, that is, seven stages of the filling members 30 are stacked.
[0049]
Thereafter, the filling member 30 is stacked on the connecting portion 31 of the filling member 30 with the connecting member 35 interposed therebetween. That is, the lower connecting portions 37 of the four connecting members 35 are internally fitted into the upper pillar portions 31a of the four connecting portions 31 of the one filling member 30, and the filling members 30 of the filling member 30 are inserted into the upper connecting portions 36 of the connecting members 35. The lower pillar 31b is fitted inside. When the connecting part 31 is located at the corner of the storage part 10, one connecting member 35 is pushed over the connecting part 31. When two connecting portions 31 and 31 are arranged on the outer periphery of the storage portion 10, the two connecting members 35 are joined at the joining portion 38 as shown in FIG. , 31.
[0050]
Further, in the intermediate portion of the storage section 10, four connecting portions 31 contact each other. In this case, as shown in FIG. It is put on the two connecting parts 31 and is pushed in. The filling member 30 that is in contact with the square manholes 15 and 16 joins the three connecting members 35 and pushes them on the three connecting portions 31. Thus, since the two to four connecting members 35 are connected in the horizontal direction by fitting the joining protrusions 38a into the joining holes 38b, the upper part of the seven-tier stacked filling members 30 swings and becomes unstable. Can be prevented.
[0051]
In this way, the 7th-stage filling member 30 and the 8th-stage filling member 30 are connected by the connecting member 35, and the connecting members 35 are linked in the horizontal direction by the joining portion 38, so that they can be arranged neatly. 30 can be improved in the vertical strength. Since the stacking with the connecting member 35 at the eighth level can be performed while viewing the mark M on the filling member 30 at the seventh level, the connecting work can be performed easily and in a short time, and the connecting in different directions can be performed. Can be prevented.
[0052]
Similarly, the stacking operation of the filling members 30 is completed by stacking three stages from the ninth stage to the eleventh stage with the connecting member 35 interposed therebetween. When the filling member 30 is stacked and the surface on which the builder is placed is higher than the bottom surface, the filling member 30 swings and it is difficult to perform the construction. However, the upper filling member 30 is connected in the horizontal direction by the connecting member 35, so that the filling member 30 is horizontally positioned. The swing of the direction can be prevented, and the work can be stably performed by the builder, so that the work efficiency is improved and the construction is facilitated. The filling members 30 are stacked at a lower pitch at a small pitch to improve the strength, and the upper portions are stacked at a large pitch to improve the porosity.
[0053]
Rain falls around the storage facility, and rainwater is collected by gutters and the like, flows into a mud reservoir basin 26, where mud is precipitated, and supernatant water is introduced from the water pipe 25 into the storage unit 10. When rainwater is introduced into the storage unit 10, rainwater, sand, small gravel, and the like are guided toward the center by the inclined plate portion 32 by the large-pitch filling member 30 at the upper portion, and sand and the like dropped from the upper-stage filling member 30. Is guided to the center by the lower filling member 30, and rainwater containing sand and the like is guided in the direction of the concave portion 11 and falls. Then, the solid content such as sand precipitates in the concave portion 11. Therefore, the sand and sludge do not accumulate over the entire bottom surface of the storage unit 10, and the sand and sludge concentrate and accumulate in the recessed portion 11 guided by the inclined plate 32. In addition, when rainwater flows in, sand and the like are automatically guided in a predetermined direction and are self-cleaned, so that there is no need for an operation such as washing for removing solids from the filling member.
[0054]
When the rainwater gradually rises and reaches the reinforcing ribs 33 of the filling member 30, the air in the space of the lower opening surrounded by the reinforcing ribs 33 is pushed by the rainwater surface, and the air escapes from the through holes 34, and the rainwater flows into the space. Is full. The next space surrounded by the reinforcing ribs 33 is also filled with the rainwater, and the space opened downward can be gradually filled with the rainwater. It can be stored efficiently and the porosity can be increased.
[0055]
Although the amount of sand and sludge contained in rainwater is small, if the storage facility is used for a long time, the amount of sand and the like will gradually accumulate and increase. Further, when the rainfall is severe, sand and the like flowing through the mud pool 26 increase. The deposits such as sand deposited on the concave portion 11 in this manner can be visually determined from the communication port 17 opening to the ground, and when the amount reaches a certain amount, for example, the vacuum pipe Is inserted into the square manholes 15 and 16 to remove and remove deposits such as sand. Further, when high-pressure cleaning water is injected from one of the square manholes 15 and sucked out from the other square manhole 16, deposits can be efficiently removed. For this reason, it can prevent that sand etc. accumulate in the storage part 10, and an internal volume decreases, and the storage amount of rainwater decreases.
[0056]
When the rainfall is large and a large amount of rainwater or the like flows from the water pipe 25 and the storage unit 10 is full, the rainwater flows out from the overflow pipe 27 above the storage unit and is drained to a sewer pipe or the like (not shown). When the stored water stored in the storage unit 10 is used for watering or the like, rainwater in the storage unit can be pumped up and used. Further, a water intake basin may be provided in the middle of the orifice pipe 28, and the stored water may be taken out and used therefrom.
[0057]
Another embodiment of the filling member of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the filling member according to the present invention. This embodiment is characterized in that the shape of the mark indicating the guiding direction is different from the above-described embodiment. The same reference numerals are given to other substantially equivalent components, and detailed description will be omitted.
[0058]
The filling member 30A shown in FIG. 10A has an arrow-shaped mark M1 indicating the downstream side on the upper surface of the inclined plate portion through which rainwater or the like is guided by gravity. In the filling member 30B shown in FIG. 10B, a circular mark M2 indicating the downstream side is provided on the upper surface of the inclined plate portion where rainwater or the like is guided by gravity. When stacking the filling members 30A and 30B with the marks M1 and M2 in the vertical direction, the direction of the already fixed filling members can be confirmed and the stacking members can be easily stacked on the upper portion, so that the continuous installation work can be simplified. The speed of construction can be increased. The shape of the mark is not limited to the above, and any shape can be used as long as it can clearly indicate the guiding direction of the inclined plate portion.
[0059]
Also in this embodiment, since the marks M1 and M2 indicating the direction in which rainwater flows when the filling member 30 is continuously provided in the storage unit 10 are attached to the upper surface so as to be easily seen, the direction in which the rainwater or the like is guided is changed. Confirmation is easy and the wrong direction is prevented, so that solids such as sand can be reliably guided to the specified recessed part, and the life of the facility can be prolonged. Can be achieved.
[0060]
Still another embodiment of the filling member of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the filling member according to the present invention. In addition, this embodiment is different from the above-described embodiment in that the shape of at least one connecting portion and / or the shape and / or shape of the at least one connecting portion is set such that the filling members stacked vertically cannot be stacked when the directions in which rainwater or the like is guided are different from each other. It is characterized in that the position is different from the rest of the connection. That is, they can be stacked and connected only when the guiding directions of the upper and lower filling members match. The same reference numerals are given to other substantially equivalent components, and detailed description will be omitted.
[0061]
In the filling member 30C shown in FIG. 11A, the sizes of the triangular prism-shaped connecting portions formed at the four corners are different by one. That is, another triangular prism-shaped connecting portion 31A has a different shape and a larger outer shape than three triangular prism-shaped connecting portions 31. For this reason, if the direction in which the rainwater or the like of the filling members to be stacked flows is different from the guiding direction of the lower filling members already stacked, all the four connecting portions cannot be fitted, and the guiding directions are different. However, stacking in different states is reliably prevented.
[0062]
The filling member 30D shown in FIG. 11B includes three connecting portions 31 and one connecting portion 31B having a different shape, and the connecting portion 31B is formed in a quadrangular prism shape. The filling member 30E shown in FIG. 11C includes three connecting portions 31 and one connecting portion 31C having a different shape. The connecting portion 31C is in a state where the triangular prism-shaped connecting portion is offset inward and the position is changed. Is formed.
[0063]
These two filling members 30D and 30E cannot be connected in succession when stacked in the vertical direction unless the guiding direction matches the guiding direction of the already stacked filling members in the lower stage. Can be prevented. As a result, the guiding direction of a large number of filling members becomes the set direction, and sand and the like can be guided in a desired direction, so that the facility life can be extended and the construction time can be shortened. Speed up becomes possible.
[0064]
As described above, one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention described in the appended claims. Design changes can be made. For example, although a triangular prism-shaped coupling portion has been described as an example of a coupling portion of the filling member, other shapes such as a quadrangular prism or a column may be used.
[0065]
In addition, a mark such as "up" or "UP" is attached above the inclined plate portion, and a mark such as "down" or "DOWN" is attached below the inclined plate portion to indicate a direction in which rainwater is guided. May be. Furthermore, even if the above-mentioned mark is attached to only one point on the inclined plate portion, for example, only the "upper" mark above, the continuous installation work can be easily performed, and the construction can be performed in a short time. An example in which at least one of the connecting portions of the filling member has a different shape and / or position is shown as a configuration that can be connected vertically only when the guiding directions match, but two different connecting portions may be used.
[0066]
【The invention's effect】
As can be understood from the above description, the filling member of the present invention can easily confirm the guiding direction in which rainwater flows during the continuous construction work in which the filling members are arranged in a horizontal direction and vertically stacked, thereby facilitating the construction work. Can be done. In addition, since it is possible to prevent continuous installation in a state where the guiding directions are different, sand and the like can be reliably guided in a predetermined direction and deposited at a predetermined location, and the life of the facility can be extended.
[0067]
Further, according to the filling member construction method of the present invention, first, the guiding direction is determined over the entire bottom surface of the first stage and the filling members are laid down, and the second and subsequent filling members are aligned with the first stage filling member. If the guiding direction is different from that of the first-stage filling member, the connecting portion cannot be vertically stacked, so that a large number of filling members can be reliably and easily stacked in a predetermined direction. The construction work can be completed in a short time and the speed up can be achieved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a facility for storing and / or penetrating rainwater or the like in which a filling member according to the present invention is used.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of a state in which a covering member in an upper part of FIG. 1 is omitted.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. 1;
4 is a top perspective view of a filling member used in the facility of FIG.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a lower part of a filling member used in the facility of FIG. 1;
6A is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG. 4, and FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.
7A and 7B show a connecting member used for the facility shown in FIG. 1, wherein FIG. 7A is an upper perspective view and FIG. 7B is a lower perspective view.
8A is a perspective view of a state where two connecting members of FIG. 7 are assembled, and FIG. 8B is a perspective view of a state where four connecting members are assembled.
9A is a plan view showing a state where two connecting members of FIG. 7 are assembled, and FIG. 9B is a plan view showing a state where four connecting members are assembled.
FIGS. 10A and 10B are perspective views of another embodiment of a filling member.
FIGS. 11A to 11C are perspective views of still another embodiment of the filling member.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Ground, 2 ... Excavation part, 3 ... Foundation part, 10 ... Reservoir part, 11 ... Recessed part, 12, 21 ... Waterproof sheet, 14 ... Frame, 15, 16 ... Square manhole (communication passage), 17 ... Communication port, 20 ... Wall material, 30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D, 30E ... Filling member, 31, 31A, 31B, 31C ... Connecting portion, 32 ... Slope plate portion (induction means), 33 ... Reinforcing rib ( Reinforcement portion), 34 through hole, 35 connecting member, 38 joining portion, 38a joining convex portion, 38b joining hole, 40 covering member, 41 covering board, 42 water blocking sheet, 43 backfilling Layers, S, S1 to S4: Inclination direction (guiding direction) S5: Swirling flow, M, M1, M2: Mark

Claims

A filling member that is used for facilities that store and / or infiltrate rainwater and the like, and that is vertically and horizontally and vertically connected and filled into a storage unit that stores rainwater and the like.
The filling member includes guide means for guiding rainwater or the like flowing into the storage section in a predetermined direction by gravity, and the guide means has a mark indicating a direction in which rainwater or the like is guided. Element.

A filling member that is used for facilities that store and / or infiltrate rainwater and the like, and that is vertically and horizontally and vertically connected and filled into a storage unit that stores rainwater and the like.
The filling member includes a plurality of connecting portions that are vertically stacked, and an inclined plate portion that guides rainwater or the like flowing into the storage portion in a predetermined guiding direction, wherein the connecting portion has at least one shape and / or position. Is different from the remaining connecting portions, and can be vertically connected only when the guiding directions match.

The filling member according to claim 2, wherein the inclined plate portion has a mark indicating a guiding direction on an upper surface thereof.

The filling member according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the filling member is made of a thermoplastic plastic.

A construction method for filling the filling member according to any one of claims 1 to 4 vertically and horizontally and vertically in a storage part for storing rainwater or the like,
On the entire bottom surface of the storage section, the direction for guiding rainwater or the like is set, and the first-stage filling members are laid out vertically and horizontally, and the second- and subsequent-stage filling members are aligned with the first-stage filling member and the guiding direction. An installation method for a filling member, wherein the installation is performed by stacking up and down one after another.