RU2275447C1 - Apparatus for handful processing of flax stock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile engineering.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has mechanism for grinding of flax stock wood and separating of pile from fiber. Mechanism for separating of pile from fiber is made in the form of crankshaft whose free ends are mounted in bearings and straight portion between shaft cranks is formed as shaft with sharpened plates fixed thereon. Stem wood grinding device comprises breaking plank extending in parallel with axis of rotation of shaft and positioned at adjustable distance from generatrix surface of rotation of straight portion of crankshaft. Crankshaft and breaking plank are incorporated within casing, which is open at material feeding side for feeding of material for further processing and connected with ventilation air duct for drawing air from apparatus casing.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in handful processing of flax stock and yield of elongated fibers, reduced sizes and metal usage of equipment.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The device can be used in the textile industry to obtain long flax fiber from trusts and can increase the productivity of handful processing trusts and the yield of long fibers while reducing the overall dimensions and metal consumption of the equipment.

The device comprises a mechanism for chopping wood and a mechanism for separating the fire from the fiber, consists of a folding table breaking the bonfire strip parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft, with an adjustable distance from the generatrix of rotation surface of the straight section of the crankshaft, on which the pointed trims are attached, while the crankshaft and the bonfire breaking plate are located in a housing open from the material supply side for processing and connected to a ventilation duct for suction ear from the apparatus.

The invention is illustrated 6 ill.

At present, flax fiber milling machines are used to produce flax fiber, which process the flax trust in a layer, which have high productivity and a very low yield of long fiber, which is why economic production indicators are low. When manually applying trusts for processing, it is possible to obtain a higher percentage of long fiber, but at the same time low productivity is obtained.

A device is known for processing bast-fiber material in alternating pairs of mulled and scutching rollers (A.S. No. 983155, 01 1/10, Bulletin of Inventions No. 47, 12/23/82), which provides for a gradual increase in the speed of movement of the material from one pair of rollers to another and an increase in the diameter of the grinding rolls with respect to the diameter of the bobbin rolls. Such a device allows to obtain fibrous mass scrubbing and highly efficient bonfire separation.

The device is intended for the treatment of scuffing waste in the form of a layer and is not adapted to the processing of handfuls of flax seeds to obtain long flax fiber, because the output pairs of scutching drums crush flax fiber, and the ends of the trusts remain unprocessed.

It is also known a device for handful processing trusts, consisting of grinding pairs of rollers and scutching drums of large diameter, in which a handful is processed up to half the length, then the handful is removed from the machine in reverse, manually turned over and re-introduced into the machine with an unprocessed handful end, then the fiber is back once again withdrawn from the machine. See "Flax Primary Handbook" Ed. Khramtsova V.N., M., 1984, p. 376.

The disadvantage of this device is that it has low productivity due to the presence of idling, the processing process is not regulated, although the properties of the trust are different, it has large overall dimensions, because scraper drums of the same diameter are used as in serial milling-scutching aggregates.

The objective of the invention is to increase productivity, reduce overall dimensions and reduce metal consumption, obtaining the greatest yield of long fiber.

This technical result in a device for handful processing of flax trusts, consisting of a mechanism for chopping wood and a mechanism for separating the bonfire from the fiber, is achieved by chopping the wood of the stem of the trust by bending the ends of the stems of the treated layer of trust against the breaking plate, and separating the bonfire from the fiber by scraping trusts with the sharp edges of the strips installed on a straight section of the crankshaft interacting with the treated layer of trusts.

This embodiment of the device provides, firstly, a significant reduction in the speed of interaction of the working bodies with the processed material, thereby reducing unjustified fiber losses during processing and energy costs; secondly, an increase in the efficiency of interaction of working bodies with fiber, because the bonfire is separated from the fiber at a large angle of coverage by the strand of the working sharp edge and when exposed to the weight of the hanging part of the fiber strand, as well as the effect of the air streams pulling the strand; thirdly, it becomes possible to increase the productivity of the device by increasing the feed rate of the trust into the working area, depending on the degree of maturing of the trust and the quick removal of a handful from the working area, for its coup in the hands of the worker and processing the second end of the handful.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section and a top view.

Figure 2 shows an embodiment of the working part of the straight section of the crankshaft in cross section.

Figure 3 shows a variant of the device with two crankshafts located one above the other, with versatile rotation.

Figure 4 shows a ventilation device for removing bonfires and dust from the treatment area.

A device for handful processing of flax trusts consists of a table 1, a crankshaft 2 mounted in bearings 3, having a straight section 4 with pointed strips 5, from a fire breaking plate 6, a housing 7, balancers 8, a ventilation duct 9 with an air separation partition 10, a skid-collecting box 11 .

As can be seen from figure 1, in the device, the mechanism for separating the bonfire from the fiber is made in the form of a crankshaft, the free ends of which are installed in the bearings, and the straight section between the knees of the shaft is made in the form of a shaft with pointed plates mounted on it, and the device chopping wood with stems from a breaking bar parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft and installed at an adjustable distance from the forming surface of rotation of a straight section of the crankshaft, while the crankshaft and schaya strap disposed in the housing, with the open side of the material for processing and having a connection to a ventilation duct for suction of air from the apparatus.

The device operates as follows. The trust is laid out in a thin layer on the table 1 and fed into the gap between the table 1 and the breaking bar 6. When the crankshaft 2 is rotated, the pointed bars 5 interact with the console ends of the trust, which break the trust wood, and the bonfire is also separated from the fibers. With further advancement of the trust into the working area, the trust is scraped with the sharp edges of the strips 5. In this case, the fiber covers the bar 5 at a large angle along the arc of a circle, because the hanging end of the strand of fibers is pulled by the weight of the strand and an air stream that removes dust and a fire from the housing 7. In the case of processing trusts with good separability, it can be fed into the working area of the housing 7 into the space of the inlet located above the firebreaking strap 6, while it is possible to speed up the processing and increase the productivity of the device. Separation of the bonfire here is carried out by scraping the fibrous strand with the pointed edges of the strips 5.

After removing the entire bonfire from the fiber, a handful is turned over manually and fed into the working area for processing.

The balancers 8 provide uniform rotation of the crankshaft. Dusty air and bonfires are removed from the working area 7 by ventilation air, which through the duct 9 enters the bonfire box 11. The uniform distribution of the air velocity in the duct 9 is provided by the dividing wall 10.

The number of pointed strips 5 in a straight section of the crankshaft 2 may be different, as can be seen from figure 2.

When processing trusts of large length and increased mass of handfuls, it is advisable to use a variant of the device using two crankshafts (see Fig. 3) located one above the other and rotating in opposite directions, while it is possible to balance the rotation of the shafts without using balancers 8, so the manufacture of the crankshaft is simplified.

In this case, devices for separating the bonfire from the fiber are additionally installed in the ventilation duct, made in the form of a crankshaft with pointed planks in its straight section, the direction of rotation below the device for separating the bonfire opposite the direction of rotation above the device and the rotation of the shafts is dynamically balanced.

During the processing of trusts, a large amount of dust and bonfires are released, which must be removed from the working area.

This goal is achieved by the fact that below the working area there is a ventilation duct 9 with a dividing wall 10 separating the duct from the bonfire box 11. The dividing wall 10 is open in the lower part, which ensures uniform distribution of the air flow velocity in the duct 9, which is necessary for straightening the hanging strand fibers and ensure uniform cleaning of the bonfire of the entire hanging strand of fiber (Fig.6), dusty air is sent to a filter not shown in the drawing, and the bonfire is removed from the box 11 in a natural way.

An essential part of the device is that the ventilation duct contains a dividing wall between the duct and the bonfire box, communicating with it in the lower part of the duct, and the cross section of the duct coincides with the length of the rectilinear part of the crankshaft, the width is equal to the diameter of the circle described by the pointed planks of the crankshaft of the device.

The use of devices according to this invention can significantly reduce the cost of equipment for processing flax seeds, increase the yield of long fiber, which is the main purpose of processing, and rationally use the workplace and labor force, due to the professional skills of workers, a significant and qualitative increase in labor productivity is possible.

Claims (3)

1. A device for handful processing of flax trusts, containing a mechanism for chopping the wood of the stems of the trust and separating the bonfire from the fiber, characterized in that the mechanism for separating the bonfire from the fiber is made in the form of a crankshaft, the free ends of which are installed in the bearings, and the straight section between the shaft elbows in the form of a shaft with pointed plates fixed on it, and the device chopping wood with stems consists of a breaking bar located parallel to the axis of rotation of the crankshaft and installed at an adjustable distance from the generatrix of rotation of the straight section of the crankshaft, while the crankshaft and the break bar are located in the housing, open on the supply side of the material for processing and having a connection to the ventilation duct to exhaust air from the housing of the device. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the ventilation duct there are additionally installed devices for separating the bonfire from the fiber, made in the form of a crankshaft with pointed planks in its straight section, and the direction of rotation below the device for separating the bonfire is opposite to the direction of rotation above located device and the rotation of the shafts is dynamically balanced. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation duct contains a dividing wall between the duct and the bonfire box and communicates with it in the lower part of the duct, and the cross section of the duct coincides with the length of the rectilinear part of the crankshaft, the width is equal to the diameter of the circle described by the pointed device crankshaft plates.

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