RU2272388C1 - Machine for tillage of soil strips adjoining tree trunks in the garden - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, soil tillage equipment used in the gardens.

SUBSTANCE: machine has frame mounted on hitching device by means of parallelogram mechanism equipped with hydraulic cylinder. Body of multiple-roll cylindrical reducer is attached to frame. Cylindrical reducer has rotavation drums mounted on upright output shafts. Casing is positioned for rotation relative to central input shaft. Said rotation is controlled by means of mechanism providing rotation of casing through 180 deg during movement around tree trunk. Feeler device is extending around outer edge of frame and adapted for controlling functioning of hydraulic cylinder of parallelogram mechanism through hydraulic distributor. Length of feeler device is equal to spacing between trees in row. Feeler device is oriented along direction of advancement of machine and is secured to frame so that longitudinal axis of reducer casing coincides with mid portion thereof.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability in operation and reduced power consumed for providing two adjacent passages for tillage of garden soil strip adjoining to tree trunks.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for tillage in gardens.

A well-known garden milling cutter for processing near-stem strips (FA-0.76), comprising a milling drum with a horizontal axis of rotation, a frame mounted on a tractor hitch through a parallelogram mechanism having a hydraulic cylinder that pushes the milling drum in a row and extends it when bypassing the trunk. To control this process, there is an oil pump connected to the hydraulic cylinder through a valve controlled by the probe [1].

The disadvantage of this device is that when the cutter is removed from the row and returned to the row, inertial loads occur, causing transverse vibrations of the machine. Severe working conditions of the retraction mechanism lead to rapid wear of its parts and disruption of the technological process. In addition, to exclude flaws caused by inaccurate driving, reaching ± 3σ (σ is the standard deviation, σ = 8.15 ... 8.72 cm [2]), it is necessary for the working bodies to overlap the line of the row.

A known machine for processing trunks in the garden, consisting of a frame to which is attached a section of the milling working bodies, made in the form of a multi-shaft cylindrical gear enclosed in a horizontally located housing with vertical central input and output shafts, in the lower part of which milling drums are attached. At the same time, the body of the milling section is connected to the central shaft of the gearbox with the possibility of its rotation around this shaft together with milling drums, and there is a mechanism for controlling this rotation by 180 ° when the section bypasses the tree trunk [3 - prototype].

With one-sided rotation of the milling drums, the section bypasses the tree branches due to the rotation from the reaction of the knives with the soil. The absence of an additional mechanism for input-output of working bodies from a number increases the reliability of the machine. But this device also works with preliminary overlapping the line of a number of trees. Overlapping is determined visually, often with a large margin. This leads to additional energy costs for re-cultivating the soil in the overlap zone.

The purpose of the invention is to increase reliability and reduce the energy intensity of the technological process when processing the near-trunk garden strip in two adjacent passages.

This is achieved by the fact that the frame along the outer edge is equipped with a copier that controls the operation of the hydraulic cylinder of the parallelogram mechanism through the valve, equal to the distance between the trees in a row, oriented along the direction of movement and fixed to the frame so that the longitudinal axis of the section gearbox housing coincides with its middle. The copier holds the milling section at a predetermined, predetermined distance relative to the row line. At the same time, the edge of the outer milling drum precisely outlines the line of the row, there is no energy consumption for re-cultivating the soil in the overlap zone, and soil dispersion is reduced. Overlapping can be adjusted and pre-set.

Figure 1 is a top view of the device; figure 2 is a rear view of the device; figure 3 is a diagram of a near-trunk strip processed in two adjacent passages.

The machine for processing trunks in the garden contains a supporting frame 1 mounted on a hitch 2 using a parallelogram mechanism 3 having a hydraulic cylinder 4. A milling section is attached to the frame, made in the form of a multi-shaft cylindrical gearbox 5 with milling drums 6 on a vertical output shafts, with the ability to rotate relative to the central input shaft 7. There is a mechanism for controlling the rotation of the section by 180 ° when bypassing the socket, made in the form of a probe 8 with push Lemma 9 associated with a spring-loaded pin 10 slidably disposed in the sleeve 11 fixed to the machine frame. At opposite ends of the gear case there are stops 12, 13 that interact with the finger 10. On the outer edge of the frame 1 is equipped with a copier 14, mounted on a telescopic stand 15 with a spring compensator 16. The stand 15 is installed in the bushings 17, connected to the valve spool 18 and held in the extreme right position by the spring 19. On the parallelogram mechanism 3, adjustable stops 20 and 21 are mounted, interacting with the spool of the distributor 18 through a two-arm lever 22.

The copier 14 is oriented along the direction of movement, has a length equal to the distance between the trees in a row, and is mounted on the frame 1 so that the longitudinal axis of the housing 5 coincides with its middle.

The technological process of the machine for processing barrels in the garden is as follows. When the unit is moving, the outer side of the housing 5 of the milling section is in the trunk strip. Copier 14 slides over the poles. The housing 5 with the milling drums 6 is held by a finger 10 of the control mechanism, interacting with the emphasis 12 of the housing. In the tree, the probe 8 is in contact with the stem and deviates. By means of a system of levers, the finger 10 of the control mechanism is withdrawn from interaction with the stop 12. The gear housing 5 with milling drums 6 rotates on the shaft 7 from the reaction force of the knives with the soil. After the probe 8 leaves the stem, the finger 10 returns to its initial position in the interaction zone with the stop 13 of the other half of the body, thereby preventing the section from turning through an angle of more than 180 °. At the next tree, the cycle repeats.

When the unit deviates to the right in the direction of travel (or the tree to the left of the row line), the ram slowly squeezes the copier 14 to the left. The stand 13 of the copier 14 shifts the spool of the distributor 18 to the left, and the oil flow is directed into the hydraulic cylinder 4 to the outlet of the frame 1 with the milling section from the row. With a sharp spin of the copier 14 to a considerable distance, when the hydraulic cylinder 4 does not have time to bring the section to its nominal position, first the full stroke of the spool is selected and then the spring compensator 16 is activated. The frame 1 is retracted from the stem, the compensator spring 16 is unclenched and the spool is put into neutral position. After this, the frame 1 with the milling section stops.

When the unit deviates to the left in the direction of travel (or the tree to the right of the row line), the spring 19 shifts the copier and the spool of the distributor 15 connected to it to the right. The oil flow is sent to the hydraulic cylinder 4 to shift the frame 1 with the section in the direction of the row until the copier 14 stops in the boom. After that, the spool of the distributor 15 is moved to the neutral position and the frame 1 stops.

In extreme positions, when the frame 1 is fully extended to the right or completely pushed to the left, the stops 20, 21 on the parallelogram mechanism 3 through the two-arm lever 22 move the spool to the neutral position, thereby eliminating oil overheating.

Thus, in the presence of a copier, uneven overlapping by the milling section of the row axis along the width of the processed strip occurs, all other things being equal, only because of the difference in the diameters of the booms in the row, the standard deviation of which is 1.5 ... 1.7 cm [4], which 5.1 ... 5.4 times less than the standard deviation of the unit from rectilinear movement. The use of the invention will improve the quality of processing of the near-garden strip of the garden in two adjacent passages, reduce energy costs for re-cultivating the soil in the overlap zone. Overlapping can be adjusted and pre-set.

Information sources

1. Mechanization of work in horticulture / V.K. Kuteynikov, N.P. Losev, A.V. Chetvertakov et al. - M .: Kolos, 1983.- 319 p.

2. Manaenkov K.A. The protective zone of the rows of apple trees during tillage in intensive gardens // Horticulture and Viticulture. - Number 3. - 2000. - S.7-8.

3. A machine for processing inter-barrel strips in a garden: RF Patent 2081531 / Manaenkov AN, Gorshenin VI, Alekhin SD, Zasypkin SD, Manaenkov K.A. - No. 93010587/13; declared 03/01/93; publ. 06/20/97. - Bull. Number 17.

4. Brosalin V.G. Organization of capture and machine transport of fruits in a continuous processor // Mechanization of gardening: Sat. scientific Proceedings of the All-Russian Research Institute of Gardening named after I.V.Michurina. - Michurinsk, 1987 .-- P.38-44.

Claims (1)

A machine for processing trunks in a garden, comprising a frame mounted on a hinged device using a parallelogram mechanism having a hydraulic cylinder, a multi-shaft cylindrical gear housing with milling drums on vertical output shafts that can rotate relative to the central input shaft, and a control mechanism for said 180 ° rotation when bypassing the stem, characterized in that the frame along the outer edge is equipped with a copier that controls the operation of drotsilindra parallelogram mechanism, the cam is oriented along the direction of movement and secured to the frame so that the longitudinal axis of the gear housing coincides with the midpoint, the copier has a length equal to the distance between the trees in a row.

Images