RU2271511C2 - Lower-risk simulated ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for simulation of the effects of action of large-scale explosions, for example in film production, applicable in ammunition of various purpose.

SUBSTANCE: the ammunition has a body, axially symmetric positioned explosive charge and a power unit with a combustible and additives, with a charge mass-unit relation within 15/85 to 80/20. The charge is made in the form of two or more number sections compact arranged or distributed in the ammunition axis, the sections may be made in the form of similar or various geometric forms such as a cylinder, cone, tapered cone, hemisphere, or in the form of a combination of various geometric forms, and the power unit fills in the whole space between the burster sections and the inner surface of the ammunition body. The units and sections of the explosive charges and the power unit sections may be made of solid, liquid, viscoplastic or rubber-like materials, and a part of the sections with combustible may be replaced with sections mainly consisting of oxidizers.

EFFECT: produced ammunition with a reduced content of combustibles, enhanced efficiency of use of the power of combustibles that can form strong shock and sound waves and a fire ball possessing and enhanced operating safety.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The product relates to devices for simulating the effects of large-scale explosions and can be used in munitions for various purposes.

To simulate the effects that accompany explosions, such as shock and sound waves, fireballs, which are widely used in the film industry and in military exercises, explosive devices are used that are filled with a large number of expensive and dangerous explosives, such as TNT, RDX and substances based on them. Therefore, it is very urgent to create devices that increase safety and reduce the consumption of explosives, while maintaining the effects characteristic of the effects of explosive charges of various capacities.

In US patent 2775938 class 102-6 from 1.01, 1957, a photobomb is described, consisting of an axisymmetrically arranged cylindrical bursting charge, around which magnesium powder is placed. The explosion of the indicated ammunition is accompanied by a powerful flash and significant sound and shock effects. The patent states that for the same purpose another energetic material can be used - aluminum-magnesium or aluminum powder. The disadvantages of this device include the relatively low degree of realization of the energy potential of combustible substances in the energy of sound and shock waves, not exceeding 10-20% of the potential of combustible substances used in the device.

Closest to the essence of the invention is the ammunition (see USSR patent No. 1817920) "Pyrotechnic charge for artificial avalanche formation." This device consists of a housing, an axisymmetric charge of a condensed explosive, an energy block, the main component of which is metal fuel, activated by additives of inorganic oxidizing agents with a mass ratio of explosive charge and coaxial energy block ranging from 15/85 to 80/20.

This charge is characterized by a higher degree of realization of the energy potential of metallic fuel due to the activation of the process by the oxidizing substances that make up the composition and oxygen in the air.

The disadvantage of this device is that the fraction of energy realized in the parameters of the shock waves does not exceed 25-35% of the potential chemical energy contained in the energy block. In addition, the introduction of a number of oxidizing agents directly into the energy block can lead to a decrease in the stability of the munition to the action of extreme loads that arise during its operation. Due to the relatively low levels of pressure of the shock waves created by the explosion of this device, and the parameters of the fireball, it is not able to fully replace ammunition equipped with powerful explosives.

The aim of the present invention is the creation of ammunition with a reduced content of explosives, increased energy efficiency of combustible materials, with the ability to generate strong shock and sound waves and a fireball with enhanced operational safety.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in an ammunition including a shell, an axisymmetrically located explosive charge and an energy block with a combustible substance and additives, with a range of the ratio of the mass of the charge and the block from 15/85 to 80/20; the charge is made in the form of two or more sections located compactly or dispersed along the axis of the munition, while the sections can be made in the same or different geometric shapes, such as, for example, a cylinder, cone, truncated cone, hemisphere, or as a combination different geometric shapes, and the energy block fills the entire space between the sections of the explosive charge and the inner surface of the shell of the munition, while the blocks and sections of explosive charges and sections of the energy block and may be made of solid or liquid, or viscoplastic, or rubber-like materials and some sections with combustible material may be replaced with a section consisting mainly of oxidants.

Thus, the distinguishing features of the invention are

- performing axisymmetrically located explosive charge in the form of two or more sections;

- the execution of an axisymmetric bursting charge and its sections in the form of the same or different geometric shapes, such as a cylinder, cone, truncated cone, hemisphere, etc., or in the form of a combination of different geometric shapes;

- the implementation of the energy block, consisting of combustible substances with additives from several sections, filling the space between the sections of the explosive charge and the inner surface of the shell of the munition;

- the implementation of the sections of the energy block and the bursting charge of substances of the same or different consistency: solid, or liquid, or visco-plastic, or rubber-like, etc .;

- the possibility of partial replacement of sections of combustible materials on sections, mainly consisting of oxidizing agents.

These features of the invention together allow

- reduce the content of explosives in the ammunition;

- increase the energy efficiency of combustible materials in it;

- provide superiority in the parameters of shock and sound waves and the fireball of the developed ammunition over ammunition completely filled with powerful explosives;

- increase the operational safety of ammunition.

A significant increase in the parameters of shock and sound waves and the size of the fireball under the action of the developed device is due to the formation of a complex wave configuration in the energy block under the influence of detonation processes occurring due to the separation and dispersal of explosive charge sections. The dispersion and execution of the sections in the form of the listed geometric shapes leads to the heating of the components of the energy block during the operation of the munition to temperatures exceeding 1000 ° C, provide crushing of some of the components to ultrafine particles and higher speeds and optimal throwing modes compared to the prototype charge.

The combination of these processes leads to an increase in the response rates of the components, the completeness and degree of realization of the potential of combustible materials included in the device, and the partial burning of the material of the shell of the ammunition during the explosion. The location of the unit with combustible materials in the space between the sections of the explosive and the inner surface of the shell of the munition determines the jet nature of the movement of the reacting components, increasing the area of interaction of the oxidizing and combustible elements included in the explosive charge and contained in the energy block, as well as the involvement of air oxygen and as a result, to a significant increase in the parameters of shock, sound waves and a ball of fire compared to the prototype and charges, c a tree made up of explosives.

Due to the high degree of realization of the energy potential, the developed device in accordance with this invention exceeds the prototype by 30-40% in pressure at the front of shock waves and 1.5 ÷ 2.0 times in size of a fireball. The introduction of sections with oxidizing agents provides, in addition, an increase of 20-30% in the sound pressure levels created by the explosion of such a device.

The munition device consists of the following main elements: the housing 1 (Fig.1-7) and may also include additional shell 2, separating the structural elements of the munition; axisymmetrically located explosive charge 3, comprising two or more sections and an energy block 4 made of combustible substances, consisting of one or more sections filling the space between the explosive sections and the munition body, while the explosive charge sections can be compactly located (Fig. .1, 6) or can be dispersed along the axis of the munition (Figs. 2-5, 7); sections can have the same or different overall mass characteristics and are made of the same or different explosive materials in consistency and composition: solid, or liquid, or visco-plastic, or rubber-like and other substances, and can have the same or different geometric shapes, for example, such as cylinder (figure 1), cone (figure 2), truncated cone, hemisphere (figure 3), etc. or in the form of a combination of various geometric shapes (Fig.6). The energy sections can also be made of flammable substances of various consistencies, while the munition may additionally contain one or more blocks 5, consisting mainly of oxidizing substances (Figs. 4, 7).

The explosive charge sections are driven by one or more initiating devices 6, such as electric detonators or fuses, and may include holes for installing initiating means. Section energy blocks can be performed with an axial channel 7 (Fig.4, 5, 7), designed to transmit detonation between sections of the explosive charge. The body of the device and the shell sections can be made of steel, aluminum, plastics, titanium and other materials capable of reacting in high-temperature environments created by the action of this device. An additional element of the shell of the ammunition is a ballistic cap 8.

Ammunition of the proposed design works as follows. The initiating assembly or assemblies drive the explosive charge sections. The detonation front, penetrating into sections of combustible materials from various points, including being reflected from the munition body, forms a complex configuration of shock waves in sections of the energy block. As a result of repeated interaction and reflection, high degrees of activation and preparation for the reaction of combustible materials and munition shell fragments are provided. The temperature level in the section of combustible materials, exceeding 1000-2000 ° C, ensures the entry into the reaction of even flammable materials. In addition, presented in figure 3, 6, 7, the design of the section is able to provide the inkjet nature of the flow components of the sections with combustible materials. The activation of the components, the high degree of their preparation for the reaction due to heating and throwing speeds in excess of 1000 ÷ 2000 m / s, and the possibility of organizing the jet nature of the flow of reacting substances provide high degrees and completeness of the reaction of combustible materials in a mixture with oxidizing elements that are part of explosives with oxygen.

An additional factor that allows you to adjust the kinetics of the ongoing processes is the use of blocks of oxidizing elements in the device. High-temperature reactive medium, multiple reflection of shock waves in the materials of the device body and the shell sections lead to a partial reaction of the material of the body. This effect is noticeably enhanced when sections with oxidizing elements are present in the device.

Presented on the drawings, embodiments of the explosive charge sections and the energy block allow the use of various types of combustible materials, including non-activated oxidizing elements. In addition to metal powders, liquid and solid organic substances can be used as combustible materials. The use of charge sections in the form of hemispheres and the introduction of additional sections with oxidizing agents expands the possibilities of using combustible hardly flammable substances such as solid and liquid heavy fractions of oil, organic waste from chemical industries.

It is experimentally confirmed on prototype samples that when the mass ratio between the block with flammable substances and the explosive charge in the range from 15/85 to 80/20, the munition made in accordance with the present invention exceeds the prototype by 30 ÷ 40% in pressure at the front of the shock waves , saves the sound pressure level achieved by the prototype and exceeds it by 1.5 ÷ 2.0 times the size of a fireball.

The introduction of additional sections with oxidizing agents in the munition provides an increase of 20 ÷ 30% in the sound pressure levels in comparison with the prototype and creates the possibility of using hardly combustible substances as combustible materials.

Experimental studies have also confirmed that the material of the shell of the munition reacts explosively under the influence of detonation of dispersed sections of the explosive charge and sections with oxidizing agents, making an additional contribution to the energy of the explosion.

Comparative experiments with determining the explosion parameters of the mock-ups made in accordance with this invention and the mock-ups filled entirely with explosives only made it possible to conclude that the developed device surpasses ammunition filled with explosives only in shock pressure and sound waves by 10 ÷ 20 % and 1.5 ÷ 2.0 times the size of the fireball.

Due to the low content of explosives, the developed ammunition is characterized by increased safety and a reduced total cost of its constituent substances.

Claims (4)

1. Ammunition of reduced risk, comprising a housing, an axisymmetrically located explosive charge and an energy block consisting of combustible substances and additives, characterized in that the explosive charge is made of two or more sections arranged compactly or dispersed along the axis of the munition and made in in the form of identical or different geometric forms or in the form of a combination of various geometric forms, and the entire space between the sections of the explosive and the inner surface of the corpus ca filled energy ammunition unit, wherein the ratio by weight of the explosive charge and the energy unit is from 15/85 to 80/20. 2. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy block consists of one or more sections, while the sections of the explosive and the energy block are made of solid, or liquid, or rubber-like, or visco-plastic substances, the same or different in composition. 3. The ammunition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the energy unit further comprises sections consisting mainly of oxidizing agents. 4. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive charge sections are made in the form of a cylinder, cone, truncated cone, hemisphere.

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