RU2269730C2 - Heating method for drying drum used in sizing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drying equipment, particularly machines or apparatus for drying fabrics or other materials in long lengths with progressive movement, namely for heating drums of sizing and finishing machines in textile industry, paper-making machines, processing cylinders for polymeric film production and for bed-clothes drying.

SUBSTANCE: method involves subjecting inner drum surface to infrared radiation by arranging fixed point infrared radiators on hollow axle so that beams emitted by the radiators are directed towards inner cylindrical surface of the drum and bases of cones defined by the beams merge with each other on the surface. The radiators are grouped in several rows, each including equal or different number of radiators. Number of rows is even or odd. The radiators may slide in radial direction and are linked with single-phase or three-phase network through power regulator. Radiators of each row are set so that radiation emitted by the radiators have equal or different power. Inner cylindrical drum surface is black.

EFFECT: decreased energy inputs for drum heating and reduced harmful electromagnetic radiation action on maintenance staff.

3 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a technology for drying lengthy materials: wet textile fabric, weaving after sizing, paper, fabric; as well as for heating film materials touching or covering rotating cylindrical surfaces, as well as for drying textile products.

1. The prior art

Known methods for heating the drying drums by continuously feeding into their internal cavity superheated steam [1, 2, 3, 4, 5].

Significant disadvantages of these methods are extremely low efficiency, the difficulty of transporting the coolant to the drums, thermal insulation and pressure-temperature control.

There are also known methods of electromagnetic heating of the walls of the drum [6, 7, 8, 9, 10].

Common to these methods is the placement in the inner cavity of the drum of an electromagnetic inductor inducing eddy currents (high frequency currents) in the walls of the drum.

Infrared emitters are also known, the so-called "thermal" incandescent lamps or infrared lamps: IKZ lamps, commercially available, for example, by the LISMA plant, Saransk, the Mordovian Republic, and also by the electric lamp plant in the city of Kalashnikov, Tver Region. These incandescent mirrored bulbs emit a directionally scattered stream of infrared light. These lamps (sources of infrared radiation) are widely used for heating rooms (workers and utility rooms). The fact of using infrared emitters to heat moving objects or surfaces was not detected. At the same time, the use of infrared emitters (hereinafter referred to as IKI) does not require frequency converters and protection against electromagnetic radiation of high and ultrahigh frequencies. Also known are regulators of one- and three-phase voltage or electric power, as well as temperature regulators with temperature sensors (thermistors).

2. The closest technical solution (prototype) of the methods of heating rotary drying drums found during patent information research is the method of heating the drying cylinder by means of a combined inductor [11].

In this method, on the hollow shaft inside the hollow drum, rotatably mounted on the shaft, inductors are installed sequentially along the shaft length, which additionally supply the stator windings of the electric motor. The windings of the inductors and the electric motor through the hollow shaft are electrically connected through ballasts to an electric power source.

In the description of the prototype, it is stated that the windings of the inductor heat the cylindrical surface of the drum, and the stator windings provide its rotation.

Compared with analogues in the prototype, according to the description, the operations of heating and creating torque on the drum are combined.

3. Reasons that hinder the receipt of technical results.

The most significant disadvantages of the prototype are high energy consumption, harmful to the environment and health, the complexity of implementation and material consumption, small functionality.

3.1. High energy intensity is caused by high losses of high frequency electromagnetic radiation when inducing high frequency currents. The amount of heat generated per unit time in the drum casing is proportional to the square of the frequency of change of the magnetic field [12], and the radiation power decreases in proportion to the cube of the gap (distance) between the inductor and the drum casing. The radiation of the inductor, reflected in the inner surface of the drum, is focused on the stationary shaft, carrying out its heating. The dissipation of the conducted energy is also carried out on the fastening elements of the drum.

3.2. Harmful effects on the environment and the health of staff.

The intensity of heating such a massive part as the body of the drying drum, with a length not less than the width of, for example, fabric, 2-2.5 m and a diameter of 0.6 to 1.5 m, with a wall thickness of 3-5 mm, requires the use of currents high frequency. The huge electric power required to heat a drum weighing 80-150 kg to 100-140 ° C with high-frequency generators creates a harmful high-frequency electromagnetic field in the frequency range 10 ⁹ -10 ¹¹ Hz [13], which is unfavorable for the human body.

3.3. Low efficiency and the inability to implement the rotation of the drum.

In drying machines, several sequentially located drums or groups of drums are used [14]. A wet web, such as a weave on sizing machines or fabric on drying machines in the textile industry, bends around as the surface of the drying drums moves. The rotation of the drums is set kinematically by chain or gear transmissions from one electric motor or gearbox. The tension of the web and the quality of its drying depend on the uniformity of rotation of the drums.

In the prototype, the principle of an electric motor cannot be realized, since standard motor windings excite not only a rotating electromagnetic field, but also currents in the rotor windings. The rotation of the rotor is caused by the interaction of magnetic fields between the stator and rotor windings.

The efficiency of the electric motor does not exceed 60%, while the kinematic gears reach 98-99% (for example, gears), which is 1.5 times higher.

The load on the drum in the dryer is different at idle (without refueling) and under refueling. The thicker the web and the greater its moisture content, the heavier it is and the load of resistance to rotation of the drum is greater. In the prototype there is no possibility of adjusting the currents in the stator windings, and the uneven rotation of the drums is unacceptable.

3.4. The complexity of the implementation and high material consumption of the method in the prototype.

In the prototype, the heating process is associated with the need for a powerful frequency converter of electric voltage with a powerful transformer. The presence of several inductors located on a fixed shaft, complicates and complicates the assembly operation, increases the material consumption of the assembly and manufacture. Additional shields are required to protect against HDTV radiation.

Additional stator windings complicate and weight the scheme for implementing the heating method and controlling the heating process.

Important is the phenomenon of inducing electric currents in the stator windings from the radiation of inductors. This induction of currents uncontrollably changes the magnetic moment of the stator windings and the torque on the drum.

3.5. The limited functionality of the prototype is due to the essence of its implementation. Eddy currents (Foucault currents) are not induced in light alloys of non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium [15]. The use of induction heating does not allow the manufacture of lightweight drying drums from plastic. The lack of control and adjustment of the surface temperature of the drum manually or automatically does not allow the use of prototypes for drying paintings with different humidity.

4. Signs of the prototype, coinciding with the claimed invention.

The dryer drum is heated from the inside by electromagnetic radiation emitted by sources of this radiation fixedly mounted on the hollow axis and connected through the axis cavity to an electric power source (to the electric network).

5. The objective of the invention is to obtain the following technical results:

5.1. Reduced energy intensity.

5.2. Elimination of the harmful effects of electromagnetic radiation on the environment.

5.3. Increased energy efficiency.

5.4. Simplification of implementation and reduction of material consumption.

5.5. Expansion of functionality.

6. These technical results in the inventive method of heating the drying drum from the inside by electromagnetic radiation emitted by sources of this radiation fixedly mounted on the hollow axis and connected through the axis cavity to the electric power source are achieved by the fact that infrared radiation acts on the inner cylindrical surface of the drum, placing it motionless on the axis infrared emitters of directional diverging from the size of the drum, diverging from the emitter to the inner cylindrical surface rhnosti beam drum so that the bases of the cones of rays are tangent to each other on this surface, wherein the rows of emitters are positioned on axis with identical or unequal number of emitters in a row, and the number of rows is set even or odd. The hollow axis is fixed with the possibility of its angular rotations with subsequent fixation, the emitters are mounted on the axis with the possibility of their radial movements and connect them electrically to a single-phase or three-phase network through an electric voltage (power) regulator.

In addition, the emitters in a row set the same or unequal radiation power.

7. The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a diagram of a section of a drying machine, similar sizing; figure 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a drying drum and a circuit for connecting radiation sources to a single-phase network; figure 3 schematically shows the connection of the emitters through the hollow axis to a three-phase network; figure 4 schematically shows a cross section of a drum with a round hollow axis and three rows of identical emitters, each row of which is electrically connected to its phase of a three-phase electric circuit; figure 5 schematically shows a cross section of a drum with a hexagonal hollow axis and six rows of identical power emitters with the connection of each two rows to the same phase of a three-phase network; 6 schematically shows a cross section of a drum with a hexagonal hollow axis and three rows of emitters of different capacities in each row, electrically connected to a single-phase electric network; 7 shows a scan in the plane of the hexagonal hollow axis with the same power emitters; on Fig - the same scan with different power emitters; figure 9 shows the mounting diagram of the emitter, ensuring its radial movement.

Structural diagrams explaining the implementation of the method include a section (Fig. 1) of drying drums 1, for example three, mounted rotatably on fixed axles 2. For rotation, the drums are equipped with a kinematic transmission, for example (chain 3 and sprocket 4), connected to an electric motor - M, mounted stationary. The outer surface of the drums 1 interacts with a long, lengthy material 5 that covers them, for example, with a weaving pile (for a sizing machine).

The drying cylinder 1 (Fig. 1) includes a cylindrical shell 6 (Fig. 2), to the ends of which are left and right motionless, for example with bolts 7, cylindrical pins 8 and 9, respectively, with a through axial round hole, a coaxial shell 6. Pins 8 and 9 are mounted in bearings 10, whose housings are fixedly mounted in the skeleton of the machine (not indicated) with the possibility of rotation. The left axle 8 is equipped with an asterisk 4, which interacts with the chain gear 3. In the inner holes of the axles 8 and 9 coaxially to the shell 6, a hollow axis 2 is installed on the rolling bearings 11. Its end, opposite the kinematic sprocket 4, is fixed motionlessly by a screw 12 in the fixed bracket 13, rigidly connected to the skeleton of the machine (not indicated). When the screw 12 is loosened, the axis 2 can be rotated in the bearings 11 relative to the housing (pos. 6, 7, 8, 9) (Fig. 2) of the drum 1 (Fig. 1). On the axis 2, infrared emitters 14 of a diverging directed beam are radially mounted (for example, mirror infrared lamps commercially available from the LISMA plant in Saransk, the Mordovian Republic, and also by the Electric Lamp Plant, Kalashnikov, Tver Oblast). These emitters 14 are identical to conventional electric incandescent lamps, and their bulb inside is covered with a mirror layer reflecting the thermal radiation of the spiral of the lamp-emitter and directing it (radiation) along the axis of the emitter with a diverging beam from the bulb. The emitters (lamps) are screwed into electrical cartridges 15, mounted in the wall of the axis 2, which, in turn, are wired 16 through the cavity of the axis 2, through a single-phase voltage regulator 17 (for example, LATR) are electrically connected to a single-phase AC voltage network (A, 0). Or through a three-phase voltage regulator 18 (three-phase LATR) (Fig. 3), the emitters 14 are electrically connected to a three-phase network (A, B, C, 0) of alternating voltage.

The hollow axis 2 is made round 2A (Fig. 4), and emitters of the same power 14A are installed in the cartridges 15 and placed along the axis 2A, for example, in three rows with the same or unequal pitch so that the diverging rays of their infrared emitter (hereinafter referred to as IRI) overlap each other or touch each other on the inner surface of the drum 1. Each of the rows is connected electrically to one electrical phase with a common zero wire for the three rows.

The hollow axis 2 is made, for example, multifaceted, in the form, for example, of a hexagonal box 2B, on each face of which emitters 14A of equal power are arranged uniformly or unevenly in length, the cartridges 15 of which are electrically connected, for example, to a three-phase electric network.

The hollow axis 2 (Fig. 2) is made, for example, of the 2B hexagon (Fig. 6) with three rows of different power emitters: a series of low power emitters 14A (for example, a 100 W lamp), a number of medium power emitters 14B (for example, 250 W lamps), a number of emitters of high power 14V (for example, 500 W of a lamp). The rows consist of the same or unequal number of emitters that are connected, for example, to a single-phase (0, A) electric network. The LC point in Fig. 6 denotes the line of contact of the material to be dried 5 along the generatrix of the cylinder 1. The emitters 14 (14A) are located on the axis 2 (2A, 2B) either in parallel rows or with an offset, for example in a checkerboard pattern (Fig. 7, Fig. 8). Moreover, in the rows there may be emitters of low power 14A, and medium power 14B, and high power 14B (Fig. 8). In this case, emitters of higher power 14B are placed along the edges of the axis 2 (2A, 2B), in the area of connection of the shell 6 with the pins 8 and 9.

The cartridge 15 is equipped with a helical groove 16 and nuts 17 (commercially available electro cartridge), allows, by turning the nut 17, to change the distance H between the emitter 14 (14A, 14B, 14B) and the inner surface of the shell 6.

The inner surface of the shell 6 (drum 1) is made black, for example, painted black, layer 18 (Fig.9).

8. The implementation of the proposed method for heating the drying drum is carried out in the following way.

When applying electric voltage to a single-phase power supply circuit of infrared emitters 14 (14A, 14B, 14B) (Fig.2, Fig.6) or to a three-phase circuit (Fig.3, Fig.4, Fig.5) electromagnetic radiation of the infrared spectrum (frequency 10 ¹² -10 ¹⁴ Hz) of the emitters 14 (14A, 14B, 14B) and the visible part of the spectrum (frequency 10 ¹⁴ -10 ¹⁵ Hz) in the form of a heat-luminous diverging cone-shaped stream enters the inner black surface 18 of the shell 6 (Fig. 9) cylinders 1 (figure 1). The bases of the IRI cones on the inner surface 18 of the drums 1 are in contact with each other along the length of the shell 6 (FIG. 2) and along its circumference (FIGS. 4, 5, 6), providing uniform heating of the cylindrical shell 6. After heating the drums 1 (FIG. 1) a drying machine, such as a sizing machine, is filled with long material 5, for example, with a weaving pile, and then the drive of machine M is turned on. The drive motor M of the chain drive 3 and sprockets 4 rotates the drums 1 relative to the fixed axis 2 with an angular velocity ω.

The lengthy material 5, bending around and in contact with the heated cylindrical shell 6 of the drums 1, is also heated and dried.

At low humidity of the dried material 5, it is sufficient to use three rows of low-power IR emitters 14A, covering them with the radiation throughout the arc of contact of the material to the shell 6 of the reels from the touch line of the LC.

With this humidity, it is also sufficient to use three rows of IR emitters of different power in the rows (Fig. 6), covering them with the surface of the shell 6 and thereby warming it up to the line of contact of the material material 5 with the shell 6. In this case, the series of emitters 14A (low power ) provides preliminary heating, a number of emitters 14B (medium power) provides intermediate heating of the wall of the shell 6, and a number of emitters 14B (high power) provides the final heating of the wall of the shell 6 for drying (evaporation of moisture) of the material 5.

With high humidity of the material 5, infrared radiation covers the entire inner surface of the shell 6 of the drums 1 (figure 5, figure 1). In this case, the IR emitters 14A are placed on the hexagonal axis 2B in six rows, increasing the total radiation power and absorption of thermal energy, increasing the temperature of the entire shell 6 and eliminating the temperature difference on its outer circumference. IR emitters convert almost 99% of the electric energy into the heat and light flux of the IRI, which is completely absorbed by the black layer 18 of the shell 6 (Fig. 9), ensuring the heating of the shell 6.

In the course of the studies, it was found that for heating the cylindrical shell of the drying drum of the sizing machine ШБ 11/180-K-3V-2, manufactured in 1992, up to 120 ° С (mass of the steel drum 84 kg), 33 infrared (heat) lamps of the mod . IKZ-250 (250 W each), i.e. with a total power of 8.25 kW. This is almost 10 times the power needed to heat the drum with high-frequency currents (Foucault currents or eddy currents), which is used in the prototype.

Thus, heating the drying drum 1 (Fig. 1) from the inside by directional electromagnetic radiation of the infrared spectrum allows us to obtain the first technical result of the task, namely, to significantly reduce the energy consumption of the implementation of the drum heating method.

The infrared radiation inside the drums 1, due to its orientation to the inner surface 18 of the shell 6, is 90% converted to heating the shell 6. The heated shell 6 is impervious to thermal radiation as well as the shell 8, 9 of the drum.

Thus, by heating the drying drum 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) from the inside by directional electromagnetic radiation of the IR infrared spectrum (Figs. 4, 5, 6), it is possible to obtain a second technical result of the task, namely, to eliminate the harmful effect of radiation on the environment and service staff.

In commercially available infrared emitters specified in the text of the description, type IK3 (infrared with a specular reflective bulb) 99% of the supplied electric energy is converted into a heat-light beam. The black inner surface 18 is absorbed and converted into heating 90% of the heat and light energy of the beam. The overall efficiency of converting electrical energy to heating the shell 6 is determined by the product of the efficiency of transformations, i.e. 0.99 × 0.9 = 0.891, i.e. 89.1%. This is 2-2.5 times greater than the efficiency of installations of high-frequency currents (see prototype).

Thus, by heating the drying drum 1 from the inside with directional infrared radiation, it is possible to obtain a third technical result, which consists in increasing the efficiency of electricity use.

In the implementation of the inventive heating method, publicly available and commercially available infrared emitters, electrons, electrical wiring, voltage regulators (LATRs), bearings, bolts and screws are used. The only non-serial part is the hollow axis 2 (2A, 2B), the mass of which does not exceed 10% of the total mass of the drum (84 kg), i.e. 8.4 kg Weight infrared lamp mod. IKZ-250 with a cartridge is 200 grams. The total weight of the IR emitters in the tests (33 pcs.) Is 6.6 kg, which is less than the weight of the axis itself.

Thus, the use of the same type, generally available and lightweight elements that implement the method, is achieved by the achievement of the fourth technical result of the problem being solved, namely, simplification of implementation and reduction of material consumption.

For infrared radiation, the type of material to be heated does not matter, therefore, the cylindrical shell 6 of the drums 1 can be made of light aluminum alloys or heat-conducting copper alloys. Alloys of these metals with high-frequency currents or Foucault eddy currents (in the prototype) do not heat up. Eddy currents (Foucault currents) are not formed in these alloys.

Thus, by heating the drying drum from the inside with directional infrared radiation, it is possible to obtain the fifth technical result of the problem of the present invention: to significantly expand the functionality. The method allows to use light alloys of non-ferrous metals, for example aluminum, heat-conducting alloys of non-ferrous metals, such as copper, or heat-conducting and lightweight plastic materials for the shell 6 of the drum 1.

In addition to the above, an important point in the implementation of the proposed heating method is the following.

When the drum is stationary or rotating 1, loosening the screw 12 (Fig. 2, 3) releases the axis 2 (2A, 2B, Fig. 4, 5, 6). The axis 2 (2A, 2B) together with the emitters 14 (14A, 14B, 14B) are rotated to the set for the direction of radiation of the IR (Fig. 4, Fig. 6).

The installation of emitters 14 (14B) of greater power along the edges of the axis 2 (2A, 2B) (Fig. 8) allows for a greater supply of heat to the edges of the shell 6 of the drum 1, from which more heat is removed than in the middle, due to the contact of the shell 6 with pins 8 and 9 (figure 2). Thereby, the temperature of the shell 6 is aligned along the length of its generators.

Voltage regulators (for example, LATRs) in single-phase and three-phase circuits can reduce the supply voltage of the emitters to a minimum during prolonged shutdowns of the machine (for example, sizing), preventing the coils of the heaters from cooling. Therefore, when starting the machine after stopping, the supply voltage of the emitters is only increased to normal, and the coil, remaining warm, does not burn out. Increases the durability of the implementation of the method.

The use of an electric cartridge 15 with an external thread 16 and nuts 17 allows you to quickly and conveniently configure the heat-illuminating cone IKI on the inner black surface 18 of the cylindrical shell 6 (Fig.9).

Information sources

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 118224, MKI F 26 B, 1972

2. USSR author's certificate No. 579689, MKI F 26 B, 1979

3. USSR author's certificate No. 1605085, MKI F 26 B, 1991

4. RF patent No. 2027131, MKI F 26 B 13/14, Bull. No. 2, 1995

5. RF patent No. 2137996, MKI F 26 B 13/14, publ. 09/20/99.

6. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 90517 A, publ. 06/25/1959.

7. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 514177 A, publ. 06/22/1976.

8. USSR Author's Certificate No. 596795 A, publ. 02/08/1978.

9. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 731234 A, publ. 04/30/1980.

10. UK patent No. 2227823 (GN 8902587.8); MKI F 26 B 13/14; 08/08/1990.

11. RF patent No. 2177129 C2, IPC F 26 B 13/18, publ. 12/20/2001.

12. Yavorsky B.M., Detlaf A.A., Handbook of Physics, Moscow: Nauka, 1964, pp. 420-421.

13. Orir, J. Physics, Moscow: Mir, 1981, vol. 2, p. 344.

14. RF patent No. 2037588, IPC 6 D 06 B 21/00, publ. 06/19/95, figure 1, pos. 8, 15.

15. "Inventor-rationalizer", 1995, No. 2, p. 4

Claims (3)

1. The method of heating a drying drum, such as a sizing machine, from the inside by electromagnetic radiation emitted by sources of this radiation that are fixedly mounted on the hollow axis and connected through an axis cavity to an electric power source, characterized in that the inner surface of the drum is exposed to infrared radiation by placing point in comparison with the dimensions of the drum, infrared emitters of a beam diverging from the emitter toward the inner cylindrical surface of the drum j, that the bases of the cones of these emitter beams touch each other on this surface, and the emitters are placed on the axis in rows with the same or unequal number of emitters in the rows, and the number of rows is set even or odd. 2. The method of heating the dryer drum according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow axis is fixed with the possibility of its angular rotations with its subsequent fixation, the emitters are mounted on the axis with the possibility of their radial movements and connect them electrically to a single-phase or three-phase network through an electric voltage regulator (power). 3. The method of heating the drying drum according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the emitters in the row set the same or different radiation power, and the inner cylindrical surface of the drum is made black.

Images