RU2600660C1 - Method of heating a rotating drying thin-wall cylinder by radiation from inside, for example, for a slashing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pulp and paper industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technology of cylinder (drum) drying of long-length thin-layer materials (TLM) used in textile industry; for paper and cardboard production; for curing conveyor, card and cord bands in rubber production, for heating and drying in production of film polymer (thermoplastic) materials. For example, artificial and synthetic leather. Materials which touch and (or) envelope heated rotating cylindrical surfaces of the drying cylinder during heating and/or drying. Method of heating a rotating drying thin-wall cylinder by radiation from inside, for example, for a slashing machine, in the metal thin-wall cylinder with two bottoms at the ends, directionally-focused radiation in a near infrared area of infrared reflector lamps is directed radially on the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder, coated with heat-resistant absorbing black layer, arranging lamps inside the cylinder fixedly with the same gap relative to the cylindrical surface by three uniform rows in sliding pairs of straps, one of which is phasic and located further from the cylinder axis, and the other is neutral, located closer to this axis. Cylinder is made of duraluminium, a layer of aluminium oxide with thickness of 0.5 -0.75 mcm is made on its outer surface, phasic straps are made in the form of symmetrical axis of the reflector lamp of

-shape in cross section of aluminium, surface of which, facing the cylinder inner surface, is being polished, edges of the reflector is placed closer to the irradiated surface, than to the lamp.

EFFECT: invention simplifies the device of the drying cylinder, allows reducing power consumption for heating during drying and wear of surfaces rubbing during rotation of the cylinder.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the technology of cylinder (drum) drying of long-length thin-layer materials (DTM) in the textile industry; paper and cardboard in paper and cardboard production; for the vulcanization of conveyor, carded and cord tapes in the rubber industry, for heating and drying in the production processes, film polymer (thermoplastic) materials. For example, artificial and synthetic leathers. Those materials that, during heating and (or) drying, touch and (or) cover the heated rotating cylindrical surfaces of the drying cylinders.

Further in the text is indicated:

SC - drying cylinder;

IKN - infrared heater;

OIKI - reflected infrared radiation;

NIKI - directionally focused radiation in the near infrared (0.75-1.9 microns) (from lamps of the type IKZ);

ONIKI - axial NIKI directed from the spiral of the ICZ lamp along its axis;

BNIKI - lateral NIKI, directed from the spiral of the IKZ lamp beyond the edges of the reflector;

PEMI - electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency (50-60 Hz).

1. The prior art

Known methods for heating the SC from the inside by continuously supplying superheated steam to their internal cavity while draining the condensate [1,2, 3, 4]. Steam with a temperature of 160-170 ° C is fed into the SC under pressure [1] 6-7 atm. Due to the high pressure inside the SC, the cylindrical walls of the SC are made with increased strength, from steel 12X18H10T with a thickness of at least 3 mm. This significantly increases the mass of the SC, its inertia when starting into rotation and during braking. The main disadvantage of such heating methods is the high energy intensity due to the low heat transfer coefficient between the steam and the inner surface of the SC during convective heat transfer.

Known methods for heating the SC by supplying into their internal cavity combustion products of liquid or gaseous fuels, including burning gas mixtures inside the SC [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. The main disadvantages: high energy intensity due to the low heat transfer coefficient between the gas and the inner surface of the SC with convective heat transfer; greater complexity in the implementation due to the need for installation and maintenance of chimneys.

A known method of heating the SC with a built-in and rotating transformer [11]. The disadvantages of this method are the low energy intensity due to the large transformer losses of electricity and the complexity of implementation.

Known methods for heating the SC from the inside by high-frequency currents [12, 13, 14, 15]. The main disadvantages are excessive energy consumption, complexity of implementation and limited functionality.

Known methods for contact electric heating of the cylindrical wall of the SC [16, 17]. The main disadvantages: the difficulty of implementation (manufacturing, installation and replacement of an electric heater) and high energy intensity.

Known methods for heating the SC from the inside through directional electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of the infrared spectrum (hereinafter - IRI (infrared radiation) by linear emitters of limited length [18, 19, 20, 21]. Including [20, Fig. 2, 3] these emitters (tubular lamps) are placed motionlessly inside the semi-cylindrical reflectors along the inner surface of the SC with a gap relative to it.The reflectors are motionlessly placed inside the SC in the form of a three-beam star on pipes firmly attached to a common support pipe, pine SC and axial The main disadvantages of these methods are the difficulty of implementation due to the need to manufacture, install and configure individual reflectors on each individual emitter, to create an IRI directed to the inner surface of the SC. It is impossible to replace a blown lamp inside the SC without disassembling the SC. shoot one of the bottoms.

There is a method of heating the SC from the inside by point sources, in comparison with the dimensions of the drum itself, by sources of directional IKI (NIKI) [22]. These emitters are electric, mirror, infrared incandescent lamps, which are produced by domestic and foreign industry. The inner surface of the bulb of such a lamp is equipped with a mirror reflector directing all the energy of the IRI spiral along the axis of the lamp, in the direction opposite to its base. In this method, these lamps, by means of heat-resistant ceramic cartridges, are fixedly mounted on the flat faces of the fixed box, and the box is fixedly mounted inside the SC, coaxially to the inner cylindrical surface of the SC. Moreover, so that the NIKI of each point source is directed radially to the inner surface of the SC, which is made black. This method allows to eliminate most of the disadvantages of convective heating, transformer heating and heating by NIKI from linear emitters of limited length.

The disadvantages of this method are the high structural and technological complexity of implementation, the lack of reliability and durability of the electrical system (wiring, cartridges and a large number of electrical contacts) inside the SC, as well as excessive energy consumption. In addition, the implementation of the inner surface of the SC black does not increase the absorption of energy by the IRI due to color. It is known that energy absorption (for IKI) does not depend on the color of the surface, but depends only on the properties of the material. It is also known that a black surface absorbs EMP energy well in the frequency range of visible light, which has a significantly lower energy ("ultraviolet paradox") than IR. Among the significant disadvantages of the method is the large unevenness of the heating of the cylindrical wall of the SC due to the large and unequal distances between the emitters. Among the disadvantages is the inability to turn the fixed body of an infrared heater (TSC) inside the SC into an additional emitter of EMR on the inner cylindrical surface of the SC.

From scientific, scientific, technical, reference literature and the Internet it is also known that the IRI spectrum has a frequency range of 10 ¹² -10 ¹⁴ Hz [24, t. 2, p. 344], the power of EMP is proportional to the square of its frequency [25, p. 183].

The power of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a rectangular plate connected to an alternating electric current circuit (to an alternating voltage source) is proportional to the square of the voltage, proportional to the length and cube of its width [24, t. 2, p. 359, task 29 “b” with the answer to p. 602].

Range of IRI infrared lamps mod. IKZ-250 covers the wavelength range from 600 to 1900 nm or the frequency band 10 ¹⁴ Hz [26 and Appendix 1] according to the manufacturer's specifications. The intensity of the absorption of energy by IRI (heating intensity) does not depend on the color of the surface, but is determined by the properties of the substance (material) [27, p. 405, 408]. Of the pure substances, the IRI of silicon and carbon is best absorbed. Heat-resistant (up to 600 ° C) organosilicon (based on silicon and carbon) paints of domestic production are known [28]. Of pure metals, chromium (up to 60%), nickel (up to 50%) and iron (up to 40%) are best absorbed (heated).

IKI is best reflected by polished aluminum (up to 95%) [25, p. 206; 27, p. 410, tab. 29.1].

It is also known that the reflective properties of a good conductor increase with the passage of alternating current through it [24, v. 2, p. 364-370]. It is known that mirrored infrared incandescent lamps convert up to 90% of the electrical energy of their power supply into directional IR radiation energy [29], and 10% of the energy emitted in the frequency range of visible light, which heats black painted surfaces well.

A method for coating parts (including cylindrical) of aluminum alloys, externally, during electrochemical oxidation is separately known [30]. At the same time, a smooth layer of aluminum oxide (Al ₂ O ₃ ) under the name “corundum” with a thickness of 25 to 75 microns is formed on the surfaces of the part. It is well known that, in addition to maximum strength and wear resistance, corundum also has high electrical insulation properties.

2. The closest technical solution (prototype) to the claimed one is a method of heating the SC with bottoms along the edges from the inside using NIKI, point-wise compared to the size of the SC emitters, in which they are placed in uniform rows on retractable conductive flat busbars [31].

This method consists in sending NIKI from infrared reflector electric lamps to the inner surface of the SC, placing them motionless, in three uniform rows parallel to the SC axis, at the same distance from each other around the circumference. The lamp bases of each row are installed in a pair of electrically conductive, parallel to each other tires, one of which is located closer to the axis of the SC. Tires, in each pair of them, are separated and fixed relative to each other by dielectric partitions, and the buses nearest to the axis of the SC are placed in electrically conductive rails with the possibility of moving a pair of tires with lamps along the guides from the SC and in the SC.

Guides for tires are firmly attached in the middle and along the flat conductive faces of a trihedral stationary prism inside the SC mounted coaxially to the SC. These faces are made of sheet aluminum 2-3 mm thick, firmly connected by ribs together and electrically in the form of a prism. Inside the electrically conductive thin-walled part of the prism (faces with rails for tires), dielectric triangular supports are installed at the ends, with hollow axes, which, in turn, are installed inward and coaxially in the bearing trunnions of the SC.

The outer surface of the electrically conductive part of the prism is polished to a mirror shine.

In one of the bottoms of the SC, there are three through holes with covers for removing tires with lamps from the SC.

Three-phase electric power supply of the lamps is carried out by supplying electric wires through the cavity of the hollow axis of the triangular support inside the SC. The neutral wire is electrically connected to the electrically conductive part of the prism. Each of the phase wires is electrically connected to each of the buses external to the SC axis. In this case, the electrically conductive part of the prism, the guides mounted on it, and the buses located in them, close to the axis of the SC, are the conductive part of the neutral phase N, and the buses distant from the axis of the SC are the conductive part of the phase buses, respectively: A, B and C. The lamps are screwed into the bus so that each of them is electrically in contact with the phase bus with a side terminal of the base and the neutral bus with the lower contact of the base. When the mains voltage is applied to phases A-N, B-N and C-N, the spiral of each lamp turns into the electrical resistance of the phase load and the lamps light up (spirals are heated). Due to the mirror reflector inside the bulb of each lamp, the spirals emit directionally focused radiation in the near infrared - NIKI (Appendix 1).

In relation to the prototype, a triangular prism with hollow axes, guides, tire pairs and lamps are an infrared heater - IKN.

In this method, NIKI is directed along the axis of the lamp radially to the inner cylindrical surface of the SC, which is (previously) coated with a layer of heat-resistant silicone paint of black color. Due to the maximum absorption coefficient of the infrared radiation energy and fast heating of the SC with this layer, the energy consumption for heating is 20% less than in the known methods of radiation heating of the SC.

Heating by SC radiation in this method [31, FIG. 9] is as follows. Part of the NIKI from the lamp spiral along its axis (ONIKI) falls radially on the coated inner surface of the SC, reflects from it inside the lamp reflector, and again from the reflector onto the inner surface of the SC. Another part of NIKI - BNIKI is directed from the spiral beyond the edges of the reflector [31, FIG. 9, pos. 2I-2] at an angle to the inner surface of the SC [31, FIG. 9, point B]. This part of the radiation detector from the inner cylindrical surface of the SC is continuously reflected on the flat polished faces of the trihedral prism, and from them again on this surface.

In addition, alternating electric current flowing along the faces of a trihedral prism also creates electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of the industrial power supply network - PEMI in the direction of the inner cylindrical surface of the SC. Thus, on the inner cylindrical surface of the SC, at the same lamp supply voltage, both ONIKI and BNIKI are simultaneously directed, both reflected from the OIKI prism and radiated by the faces of the PEMI prism. This leads to the fact that the energy consumption for heating to a predetermined temperature decreases not by 20%, but by 30% compared with the known methods of radiation heating of the SC.

During the operation of the SC, for example, as part of a sizing machine, its heated outer surface continuously covers, by ¾ of the circumference, a wet, long, thin layer material. This material is a layer of lined yarn, which is dried to refill looms (weaving [1]). When heated by infrared radiation, the inner cylindrical surface (coating layer) of the SC is heated. The outer cylindrical surface is heated by internal thermal conductivity. Also, the dried layer is heated by thermal conductivity from the outer cylindrical surface. It adheres tightly to the outer surface, since as the yarn dries, the yarn stretches (shrinkage). By shrinking (shortening the length) of the yarn layer, covering simultaneously from 7 to 11 SC [1], the layer on the SC moves along the arc of the SC circle at a lower speed than the outer circumference of the SC itself, i.e. with slipping SC relative to the covering layer.

Because of this, a sliding friction force is formed between the layer and the outer surface of the SC. This friction causes continuous wear on the outer surface of the SC.

In fact, the flow of thermal energy (heat) through thermal conductivity continuously flows to the outer cylindrical surface from the inner one. The energy loss in this case depends on the thermal conductivity of the material, on its heat capacity and on the thickness of the cylindrical wall.

Significant advantages of the prototype compared to analogues are:

1. Reducing the energy intensity of heating due to the use of BNIKI reflected from the inner surface of the SC and PEMI emitted from the surface of the faces of the trihedral prism.

2. Significant simplification of maintenance of the IKN due to the ability to push (push) tires with lamps through the through windows in the bottom of the SC. In this technical solution, in order to replace a burned out lamp (NIKI emitter), it is enough to extend the bus (through the window in the bottom), replace the burned out lamp and again slide the bar inside the SC.

The purpose of the invention (in comparison with the prototype) is to obtain the following technical results.

2.1. Structural and technological simplification of SC with IKN.

2.2. Significant reduction in energy intensity of heating.

2.3. A significant decrease in the intensity of wear of the outer cylindrical surface of the SC.

3. Reasons that hinder the receipt of technical results.

3.1. High (excessive) structural and technological complexity is due to the presence of a very large number of parts of the components of the TSC and their collapsible compounds. For example [31, FIG. 1, 2], in the prototype the TSC includes (except for paired tires (3 sets) and guides for them (3 pcs.) Sheets (faces - 2A) of aluminum alloy for a trihedral prism 2 with elements of their connection and with guides 3 for tires, which are fixed along the edges of the prism in the middle of the face, dielectric supports - 2B without through holes and 2B with through holes 2K (for wiring) for prism 2, two different axes 2D and 2F with means of their fastening to dielectric supports 2B and 2B on the right and left relative to prism 2. After assembling the structure of prism 2 (which lzhna be coaxial SO axis) can not be ensured coincidence of the central axes of the center lines 2D and 2F.

3.2. The high costs of electric energy for heating are due to the following main reasons.

3.2.1. The low specific thermal conductivity of the material of the cylindrical shell (wall) of the SC made of steel is 12X18H10T 18 W / (m * K), compared, for example, with duralumin D16 - 164 (W / m * K) [32, 33], with the same thickness of the cylindrical the walls. The thermal conductivity of D16 is 9 times greater than that of steel; therefore, heat transfer (heat flux density) from the inner wall to the outer wall of the duralumin shell occurs 9 times faster than that of the cylindrical wall of stainless steel [34]. In this case, at the same power of NIKI from the ICI, the set temperature of the outer cylindrical surface of the SC made of duralumin is reached 9 times faster than that of the SC made of stainless steel and at lower temperatures of the inner cylindrical surface (coating layer). Reducing the heating time leads to a reduction in energy consumption at constant power.

3.2.2. Large distances, which (in the prototype) pass radiation BNIKI reflected (OIKI) from the inner cylindrical surface of the SB [31, Fig. 9, point B] to the flat face of a trihedral prism and back to this surface in t. D. From physics [24] it is known that the radiation power decreases with distance in a quadratic dependence. In the prototype, the distance from the lamp bulb to the inner cylindrical surface of the SC is 10 mm, the height of the lamp IK3-250 is 250 mm [26], the total height (length) along with the gap is 260 mm. ONIK radiation from the lamp overcomes a gap of 10 mm. Reflected BNIKI in T. B, FIG. 9 of the prototype, is not directionally focused, but turns into an OIC and returns to the inner cylindrical surface of the SB in t. D, having passed at least a double distance of 260 mm, i.e. 520 mm or 520/10, 52 times larger than ONIKI. Since the dependence of the decrease in the radiation power on the distance is quadratic, the radiation energy of the OIKI reaching the inner cylindrical surface of the SB is 52 ² times less than the ONIK with BNIKI, or 2704 times weaker. The PEMI radiation, which creates an electrically conductive reflector body of a trihedral prism, also has the same drawback. In fact, only half of the electrical energy during lamp operation is spent on heating the cylindrical wall of the SC.

3.2.3. The inability (in the prototype) to provide network electromagnetic radiation from the SEMI [31, FIG. 9]. This radiation in the prototype, paragraph 7.3.3 "Reducing the energy intensity of heating", is carried out from the fixed axis of the TSC, which is (simultaneously) a reflector and electrically conductive. In fact, this axis (like an electric conductor) is the neutral of a three-phase electric network with a symmetrical phase load, connected to the network in the form of a "star". With this connection of the phase load in the neutral wire (in the conductor), electric current does not flow and does not create any radiation.

3.3. The wear rate of the outer cylindrical surface of the SC is due to the continuous friction of the dried layer of a long thin-layer material with low wear resistance of stainless steel 12X18H10T.

4. Signs of the prototype, consistent with the claimed alleged invention

In a thin-walled metal cylinder with two bottoms at the ends, directionally focused radiation in the near infrared from the infrared mirror lamps is directed radially to the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder, covered with a heat-resistant absorbing layer of black color, placing the lamps inside the cylinder motionless with the same clearance relative to the cylindrical surface, three in uniform rows in retractable pairs of electrically conductive tires, one of which is phase and is located further from the axis of the cylinder, and the other is not trawl - closer to this axis, placing neutral tires in the guides with the possibility of moving these tires relative to the guides along them, and the guides are fixed to the fixed axis of the cylinder, setting it motionless with the possibility of limited turns with subsequent fixation, providing an electrical connection of the lamps with an external three-phase power supply through an external voltage-temperature autoregulator, by means of a hollow axle pin, and in one of the cylinder bottoms, three through holes are made commensurate with the tires with lamps that cover with lids when the cylinder is heated.

5. The objectives of the invention are the following technical results

5.1. Structural and technological simplification of the SC with TSC for the implementation of the method.

5.2. Significant reduction in energy intensity of heating.

5.3. A significant decrease in the intensity of wear of the outer cylindrical surface of the SC.

-образной формы в поперечном сечении из алюминия, поверхность которого, обращенную к внутренней поверхности цилиндра, полируют, при этом края отражателя размещают ближе к облучаемой поверхности, чем лампы, а неподвижную ось внутри цилиндра выполняют из стальной трубы, к которой, на противоположных концах, радиально на одинаковом расстоянии друг от друга по окружности прочно прикреплены по три аналогичные трубки меньшего диаметра, к концам которых, вдоль образующей цилиндра, прочно прикреплены стальные направляющие для нейтральных шин, при этом провода трехфазной электрической сети для питания ламп подведены внутрь цилиндра через внутреннюю полость трубы.6. These technical results in the inventive method of heating a rotating thin-walled drying cylinder by radiation from within, for example, for a sizing machine, are achieved by the fact that the cylinder is made of duralumin, create a layer of aluminum oxide with a thickness of 0.5-0.75 μm on its outer surface, and phase buses perform in the form of a symmetrical axis of the reflector lamp

-shaped in cross section of aluminum, the surface of which is facing the inner surface of the cylinder is polished, while the edges of the reflector are placed closer to the irradiated surface than the lamps, and the fixed axis inside the cylinder is made of a steel pipe to which, at opposite ends, radially at the same distance from each other around the circumference, three similar tubes of smaller diameter are firmly attached to the ends of which, along the generatrix of the cylinder, steel guides for neutral tires are firmly attached In this case, the wires of the three-phase electric network for supplying the lamps are led inside the cylinder through the internal cavity of the pipe.

7. The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1-3 are diagrams of a device that implements the inventive method. In FIG. 1 shows a design diagram of a SC with TSC (cross section), FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a SC with an ICI (longitudinal section), FIG. 3 is a diagram of the interaction of radiation with the inner surface of the SC.

7.1. The device SC with TSC (by analogy with the prototype [31]) for the implementation of the method schematically consists of the following main elements.

1 - thin-walled SC of duralumin D16, 3 mm thick, FIG. 1, 2, 3.

2 - coated with a layer of heat-resistant black silicone paint (CERT), the inner cylindrical surface of the SC, FIG. 2, 3.

3 - coated with a layer (≈50 μm) of aluminum oxide (corundum) in a manner known from [30], the outer cylindrical surface of the SC, FIG. 2, 3.

4 - flat bottoms SC, welded left and right into the cylinder 1, FIG. 12.

4.1 - trunnion pins 4 (own trunnions of cylinder 1 or SC), FIG. 2.

4.2 - ball bearings of the journal 4.1 are indicated; FIG. 2.

5 - through windows in the bottom 4 to the right of cylinder 1, FIG. 1, 2, 3.

5.1 - covers that cover the windows 5 when heating the SC, FIG. 2.

5.2 - screws (screws or screws) securing the covers 5.1 to the bottom 4, FIG. 2.

6 (A, B, C, N) - designation of the phase and neutral wires of the three-phase electric power supply network of the TSC from the power output of the ARNT (not shown in the figures), FIG. 12.

7 - sources of NIKI (lamps IK3-250), FIG. 1, 2, 3.

7.1 is a transparent portion of the bulb 7, FIG. 3.

7.2 - plot reflector (mirror layer) inside the bulb 7, FIG. 3.

7.3 - designation of the spiral inside the bulb 7, FIG. 3.

-образного профиля в поперечном сечении (фиг. 1) с полками 8.1, отогнутыми перпендикулярно оси ламп 7 (фиг. 3). Эти полки 8.1 фазных шин 8 являются отражателями. Поверхности полок 8.1 (фиг. 3), обращенные к внутренней поверхности 2 цилиндра 1, полируют до зеркального блеска.8 - phase bus reflectors of lamps 7, made of aluminum, FIG. 1, 2, 3. These tires are shaped

-shaped cross-sectional profile (Fig. 1) with shelves 8.1, bent perpendicular to the axis of the lamps 7 (Fig. 3). These shelves 8.1 phase bus 8 are reflectors. The surface of the shelves 8.1 (Fig. 3), facing the inner surface 2 of the cylinder 1, polished to a mirror finish.

9 - dielectric partitions between the tires 8, 10 in the mount of the lamps 7 (Fig. 1, 2), similar to the prototype [31, Fig. 6, 7, pos. 2G].

10 - neutral tire mounting lamps 7, FIG. 1, 2, made of steel 3.

11 - guides for neutral tires 10, FIG. 1, 2, made of steel 3.

Mechanical connections of phase buses 8 to neutral 10 by means of dielectric partitions 9 and neutral buses 10 with guides are similar to the prototype [31, FIG. 2-7].

12 - steel tubes (three pieces each on two sides of the cylinder 1 inside), made of steel, art. 3, FIG. 1, 2. These tubes 12 are welded ends to the pipe 13 radially, at the same distance from each other along the arc of a circle of cylinder 1. To the opposite ends of the tubes 12 (to each of their pairs on the left and right inside the cylinder 1) along the generatrices of cylinder 1 are welded (firmly attached) guides 11, FIG. 12.

13 - pipe (cylinder axis 1) of steel st.3, Fig. 1, 2. To the pipe 13 at its ends, strong partitions 15 of steel st. 3, the cylindrical bushings 14 of steel art. 3. These partitions 15 between the pipe 13 and the bushings 14 form a cross (not shown in the drawings). In the gaps between the partitions (Fig. 1, 2), electric wires (phase 6A, 6B, 6C and neutral 6N) of a three-phase electric network with a common neutral are passed from outside to inside the cylinder 1, FIG. 12.

Partitions 15 are welded both to the pipe 13 from the outside and to the bushings 14 from the inside. The bushings 14 of the pipe 13 is installed in the bearings 4.2 of the journal 4.1 of the cylinder 1, with the possibility of rotation of the cylinder 1 relative to it in the same way as in the prototype. Means for fixing the pipe 13 are not shown in the figures.

Three rows of NIKI emitters - lamps 7 are electrically connected to a three-phase electric network with a common neutral (phase 6A, 6B, 6C and neutral 6N) similar to the prototype: in the form of a "star" with a symmetrical load in phases. This connection (in electrical terms) is carried out in the same way as in the prototype. With a symmetrical phase load (the same number of lamps 7 in each phase reflector bus 8) in the neutral phase 6N, there is no electric current, the pipe 13 is de-energized and does not generate radiation with the frequency of the industrial PEMI network.

7.2. The method is as follows (Fig. 3). In FIG. 3 is additionally indicated:

H is the radial clearance between the bulb 7.1 of the lamp 7 and the inner surface 2 of cylinder 1. N yes 10 mm.

h is the radial clearance between the ends of the reflectors 8.1 (tires 8) and the inner surface 2 of cylinder 1. h ≈ 2 mm.

ONIKI - the axial direction of the NIKI radiated along the axis of the lamps 7 to the surface 2 of cylinder 1;

A1-b1 - the length of the sections on the surface 2 of the cylinder 1, which reaches the BNIKI directly from the lamps 7;

A2-B2 - the length of the sections on the reflective surfaces of the shelves 8.1, on which the reflected OIKI falls, from the surface 2 of cylinder 1, from sections a1-b1.

a1-b1 is the total length of the section on the surface 2 of cylinder 1, on which BNIKI falls from lamps 7 and OIKI, which is reflected from the shelves 8.1 of the reflectors (tires 8).

b1-g1 - a section on the surface 2 of cylinder 1, on which the PEMI from the radiation of electric current (50-60 Hz) flowing through the phase buses 8 falls.

7.2.1. When applying the electric voltage of the industrial network to phases 6 (A, B, C, N) in each of the rays - phases 6 (AN; BN; CN), an electric current flows through the spirals of 7.3 lamps 7, heating the spirals of 7.3 lamps 7. The spirals 7.3 emit scattered electromagnetic radiation inside the lamp bulb 7. Spirals 7.3 inside the lamps 7 are placed in the focus of the mirror reflector 7.2 of the lamps 7, which converts the scattered radiation of the 7.3 spirals into NIKI, which is directed mainly along the axis of the lamps 7 (ONIKI) to cover 2 of the inner cylindrical surface cylinder 1 radially to cylinder 1. part of the NIKI radiation from the lamps 7 is absorbed to a greater extent by the coating 2, heating the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder 1, and partially reflects radially into the reflector 7.2 of the lamp 7 (OIKI) and again from the reflector 7.2, is radially directed to the coating 2, summing up (folding) with ONY.

Another part of the radiation of the spiral 7.3 naturally propagates to the sides of the axis of the lamp 7 in the form of BNIKI. The angle (relative to the axis of the lamp 7) of this BNIKI is limited by the edges of the reflector 7.2 of the lamp 7. This radiation enters the area a1-b1 of the coating of surface 2, is partially absorbed, heating the inner surface of the cylinder 1, and is partially reflected on the polished surface of the shelf 8.1 of phase bus 8 in the form OICI. From this surface, the OICs are also reflected again on the covered surface 2 of cylinder 1. Partially absorbed (heating), partially reflected again on shelf 8.1, etc. This process is similar to the reflection of radiation between plane-parallel bodies [34, p. 362, fig. 17-1], but with very significant differences. The main one is that the inner cylindrical surface with a coating 2 of the rotating cylinder 1 is not parallel to the flange 8.1 of the tire 8. The gap between the outer horizontal surface of the flange 8.1 and the surface with the coating 2 decreases from the axis of the lamp 7 to the edges of the flange 8.1.

Therefore, the density of the OICI incident on the shelf and reflected from it by the OICI on the surface with coating 2 does not decrease and, in fact, all the radiation energy of the lamps 7 is directed to the coated surface 2 of cylinder 1, where it is absorbed by heating cylinder 1.

7.2.2. When applying electric voltage to the industrial network in phases 6 (A, B, C, N) in each of the rays - phases 6 (A-N; B-N; C-N), an alternating electric current flows with the frequency of the industrial network (50-60 Hz). Flowing through the phase buses 8, this current creates electromagnetic radiation of the PEMI from the buses 8 with the same frequency. Shelves 8.1 of tires 8 emit a PEMI in the direction of the coated surface 2 of cylinder 1 from each end of the shelves 8.1 to the area b1-g1 of surface 2. This radiation is completely absorbed by the coating of surface 2, further heating cylinder 1. A small clearance h≈2 mm does not prevent the rotation of the cylinder 1, but many times reduces the scattering of PEMI, significantly increasing its density on the coated surface 2. At the same time, the heating intensity increases significantly.

7.2.3. From physics [24] it is known that in the process of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a good conductor (with low resistivity), an electric current is generated (occurs) on the surface of the conductor. Therefore, PEMI directed to the inner surface 2 generates a surface electric current on the entire outer surface of the cylinder 1 and without coating 3 of the outer cylindrical surface of the cylinder 1 with aluminum oxide Al ₂ O ₃ (corundum), the maintenance of cylinder 1 is unsafe. It is known that a layer of corundum 3 with a thickness of 50 μm withstands “breakdown” an electrical voltage of up to 5000 V. This coating with aluminum oxide on the outer surface of the SC not only greatly increases the wear resistance of this surface, but also protects maintenance personnel from electric shock during maintenance, for example, sizing cars.

From physics [24, p. 364-373] it is also known that in the process of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a good conductor through which electric current flows, the reflection of radiation from the conductor is significantly enhanced. As shown above, during the operation of the ICI, alternating electric current continuously flows through the buses 8. On this basis, all types of radiation incident on the shelf 8.1 from the coated surface 2 of the cylinder 1 are reflected on this surface 2 with less loss than from a polished aluminum surface. In fact, 99% of the NIKI radiated by the lamps 7 hits the coated surface 2 and is absorbed by the coating, i.e. 99% of the electric energy consumed by the lamps is spent on heating the SC.

7.3. The claimed technical results are provided as follows.

7.3.1. The structural and technological simplification of the SC with ICI is ensured by the fact that the ICI is made of only two assembly units. The first is a non-separable welded construction of pipes with guides (pos. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15), as one element. The second is identical pairs of tires 8 and 9, connected to each other by dielectric partitions 9. Technological simplification is also ensured by the fact that all elements of the TSC are made of the most inexpensive rolled steel of art. 3. Only the phase buses 8 are made of aluminum and the dielectric partitions 9 are made of textolite.

7.3.2. A significant decrease in the energy intensity of heating of the SC (at times) is provided by the effects that are given above, in paragraphs. 7.2.1 - 7.2.3. Firstly, all the electric energy consumed by the lamps 7 is spent only on heating the SC. To this is added the energy of the PEMI emitted by the shelves 8.1 of the buses 8 without loss due to the small gap h.

7.3.3. A significant reduction in the intensity of wear of the outer cylindrical surface of the SC is achieved by coating it with corundum (Al ₂ O ₃ ). In terms of wear resistance, corundum takes the second place after diamond and is 15-20 times more resistant to wear than stainless steel 12X18H10T, from which SC [1] is made for sizing machines.

Additional significant technical results

1. With the same size of SC (⌀ 0.57 m, length 2 m), with a thickness of a cylindrical shell of 3 mm [1], SC of duralumin D16T is significantly lighter than SC of steel 12Kh18T10T. The specific gravity of D16T is 2800 kg / m ³ , 12X18T10T -7920 kg / m ³ , i.e. 2.8 times.

Reducing the weight of the SC significantly reduces the friction forces in the bearings during rotation of the SC, the inertial masses of the cylinders decrease, and the power consumption of the drive of the machine with the SC decreases significantly, especially in starting and braking processes.

The time for heating the SC from D16T to a predetermined temperature also decreases (the electric energy consumption for heating is additionally reduced) due to the lower mass being heated.

2. With the same SC sizes, the thermal conductivity of D16T is 164 W / m * K, and 12X18T10T is 18 W / m * K, ie duralumin is 9 times more thermally conductive. When drying DTM on the SC, the wet DTM is heated from the heated outer cylindrical surface 3 of the SC, covering it by ¾ of the circumference of the SC [1]. DTM is heated from this surface through heat transfer from surface 3, and heat transfer depends on the heat transfer coefficient of surface 3 of the SC.

In turn, the heat transfer coefficient is directly proportional to the thermal conductivity of the SC material (with surface 3) [27, p. 352-353]. Since D16T is 9 times more thermally conductive than steel 12X18H10T, the heating of DTM from SCs made of duralumin is heated 9 times more intensively than from SCs made of steel.

In general, the drying process itself (the drying speed of DTM on SC from D16T) occurs 9 times faster. Therefore (for example, for the sizing machine ШБ-11/180), instead of 11 stainless steel SCs [1], 3 and 5 SCs can be used to dry a layer of lined yarn (DTM).

A decrease in the number of SCs required for drying further reduces the energy consumption for heating the SCs and maintaining the set temperatures of the SCs and rotating the SCs.

Information sources

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Claims (1)

A method of heating a rotating thin-walled drying cylinder with radiation from within, for example, for a sizing machine, in which in a metal thin-walled cylinder with two bottoms at the ends, directionally focused radiation in the near infrared region from infrared mirror lamps is directed radially onto the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder coated with a heat-resistant absorbing layer black, placing the lamps inside the cylinder motionless with the same clearance relative to the cylindrical surface by three equal in measured rows in retractable pairs of electrically conductive tires, one of which is phase and is located further from the axis of the cylinder, and the other neutral is closer to this axis, placing neutral tires in the rails with the possibility of moving these tires relative to the rails along them, and the rails are fixed to the fixed axis cylinder, installing it motionless with the possibility of limited turns with subsequent fixation, providing electrical connection of lamps with an external three-phase power supply via an external autoregulator "eg life-temperature ”by means of a hollow axle pin, and in one of the bottoms of the cylinder there are three through holes, commensurate with the tires with lamps, which are closed with covers when the cylinder is heated, characterized in that the cylinder is made of duralumin and creates a layer of aluminum oxide on its outer surface 0.5-0.75 μm, and phase buses are made in the form of a symmetrical axis of the reflector

-shaped in cross-section of aluminum, the surface of which is facing the inner surface of the cylinder is polished, while the edges of the reflector are placed closer to the irradiated surface than the lamps, and the fixed axis inside the cylinder is made of a steel pipe to which at opposite ends radially at the same distance from each other around the circumference, three similar steel tubes of smaller diameter are firmly attached to the ends of which steel guides are firmly attached along the generatrix of the cylinder to neutral x tires, while the wires of the three-phase electric network for powering the lamps are brought inside the cylinder through the internal cavity of the pipe.

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