RU2269721C1 - Fuel combustion method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: combustion of mainly liquid fuel.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method includes fuel spraying by non-ozonized gaseous agent flow, ozonization and incidental feed of non-ozonized agent, mixing, and inflammation of mixture; in the process ozonized agent is fed for mixing perpendicular to non-ozonized flow into its eddy space formed by flow expansion. Non-ozonized gaseous agent flow feed is calculated from formula q₂ = C₂q₁/C₁, where C₁ is economically efficient (optimal) concentration of ozone upon mixing of flows, mg/m³; C₂ is ozone concentration in ozonized agent, mg/m³; q₁, q₂ are feeds of ozonized and non-ozonized flows, respectively, m³/h. Fuel combustion device has duct, movable converging-diverging nozzle, fuel nozzle, annular expansion chamber, and spark plugs. Expansion section of converging-diverging nozzle body has at least one through hole in the region of maximal velocity head communicating through gas conduit with ozone source.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of fuel combustion in ozone-air mixture.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for burning fuel, mainly liquid, and can be used in heat engineering, for example, heat generators for agriculture.

A known method of burning fuel, according to which air is ozonized, mixed with fuel, is applied to the mixture by a high-voltage electric field, ignited and burned. Under the influence of the ozone-air mixture on fuel, the temperature and burning rate increase, which ultimately leads to a decrease in fuel consumption and an increase in the efficiency of its combustion and technological processes in which this method is used.

A device for its implementation, containing a fan, an electric shielding, a burner and a high-voltage transformer [1]. The known method involves preliminary ozonation of air before spraying and burning fuel, which is impractical in industrial devices due to the negative effect of ozone on fuel valves, for example, a flame photosensor.

There is a known method of burning fuel, which consists in spraying it with a stream of non-zoned air, ozonizing another air stream, mixing the flows and igniting the mixture, the ozonized stream being fed to the mixing in a stream of non-zoned air from the outside of the stream. The preparation of the ozone-air mixture is carried out in the flow channels of the burner by placing corona electrodes in them connected to high voltage sources. The known method of burning fuel in its technical essence is closest to the claimed and adopted as a prototype [2]. However, it does not allow any significant amount of ozone to be generated, and the feed of the ozone-air mixture from the outside of the stream with atomized fuel limits the flow of ozone into the reaction volume of the mixture, which reduces the efficiency of the method.

A device for burning fuel containing a box, a movable confuser-diffuser nozzle, a fuel nozzle, an annular expansion chamber, a swirl and candles is known. This device by technical nature is closest to the claimed and taken as a prototype [3]. This device has been tested with an ozone-air mixture. The pre-prepared ozone-air mixture was pumped by a fan unit into a movable diffuser nozzle, the fuel supplied through the fuel nozzle was sprayed, and ignited. During the tests, ozone leaks from leaks of the transportation channel and a negative effect on the gasket of the fuel valves were found.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and safety of fuel combustion in the ozone-air environment.

The objectives are achieved in that in the method of burning fuel, which consists in spraying fuel with a stream of non-zoned gaseous agent, ozonizing and using a non-zoned agent, mixing and igniting the mixture, according to the invention, the ozonized agent is supplied to the mixture normally to a stream of non-zoned in its vortex cavity formed during expansion of the flow, in addition, the supply of non-zoned gaseous agent is calculated by the formula

q ₂ = C ₂ q ₁ / C ₁ ,

where C ₁ - economical (optimal) concentration of ozone after mixing the flows, mg / m ³ ;

C ₂ is the concentration of ozone in the ozonated agent, mg / m ³ ;

q ₁ , q ₂ - supply of ozonized and non-zoned flows, respectively, m ³ / h

The tasks are also achieved by the fact that in the device for burning fuel containing a box, a movable confuser-diffuser nozzle, an annular expansion chamber and candles, according to the invention, in the expansion part of the casing of the confuser-diffuser nozzle at least one through the hole communicated by the duct to the ozone source.

A comparative analysis of the features of the prototype with the claimed one shows that the new method is that the flow of the ozonized agent flow to the mixing is carried out normally to the flow of the unzoned agent in its vortex cavity, in addition, the flow of the unzoned gaseous agent is calculated by the formula q ₂ = C ₂ q ₁ / C ₁ .

New in the device is that in the expansion part of the casing of the diffuser-diffuser nozzle, at least one through hole is made in the region of the maximum velocity head, communicated by the gas duct to the ozone source.

Thus, the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

This method can be implemented only with the specified design, which ensures the "unity" of the invention.

The invention is "industrially applicable", as it can be used in agriculture. The invention meets the criterion of "inventive step", since a result can be achieved that satisfies an existing need, namely, increasing the efficiency and safety of fuel combustion.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

It contains a box 1, a movable diffuser nozzle 2, a fuel nozzle 3, an annular expansion chamber 4, electro-spark plugs 5, a fan 6, a pipe 7, an ozone source 8 (ozonizer) with an autonomous fan, a damper 9 of the fan 6, a measuring device 10, gasification chamber 11.

The method is as follows.

Liquid fuel is sprayed with a stream of non-zoned air, another stream of air is ozonized, which is supplied normally to the non-zoned stream in its vortex cavity, the mixture is ignited, and the supply of the ozonated gaseous agent relative to the total supply is directly proportional to the ratio of ozone concentrations in these streams.

The device operates as follows.

The fuel is supplied to the diffuser nozzle 2 through the fuel nozzle 3, at the outlet of the nozzle 2 it is sprayed with air supplied to the duct 1 by the fan 6, while the fuel is mixed with the ozonized air of the second stream. The second air stream is pumped through the ozonizer 8, the ozone-air mixture is fed into the pipe 7, mounted on an annular expansion chamber 4, and then through the through hole in the diffuser nozzle 2 into the mixing zone of the fuel with unzoned air. Next, the combustible mixture enters the annular expansion chamber 4, where its kinetic energy is partially converted to pressure energy, and the speed decreases, which corresponds to the stabilization of the ignition produced by the candles 5. In the gasification chamber 11, the final mixture is mixed with air and heated to the required temperature, which is set by changing the position of the shutter 9 on the suction pipe of the fan 6. The flow of ozonized air is measured by a measuring device 10, the flow rate the fuel is regulated by the valve 12. The ozonizer 8 contains a switch of operating modes, depending on the setting, it is possible to carry out a continuous, cyclic ozone supply mode, as well as change its ozone productivity, the flow of unzoned stream is measured at the inlet of the fan 6.

The satellite feed of an ozone-air stream of a mixture of atomized fuel with a stream of non-zoned air has the disadvantage that the diffusion of ozone into the core of the stream of the mixture slows down and the efficiency of fuel combustion decreases. At the outlet of the flow from the diffuser part of the nozzle 2, a separation of the flow from the walls of the nozzle is observed with the formation of closed and open vortex cavities that propagate downstream of the jet. The satellite stream of ozonized air flows around these cavities for the most part, while the stream of ozonized air flowing normally to the stream propagates into these cavities and, when ejected, is distributed over the entire cross section of the nozzle diffuser 2 and the annular expansion chamber 4.

A more complete mixture of ozone with atomized fuel reduces to almost zero the chemical underburning of even such a relatively low-reaction liquid fuel as household fuel, while its reactivity increases, the temperature of the outgoing fuel gases increases, and as a result, the thermal efficiency of the device increases.

In addition, as a result of increased reactivity, ignition of the mixture is simplified, even in cold weather you can do without heating the fuel, which increases the safety of work. As our studies have shown (see table), the economical concentration of ozone in the total flow is 32 ... 48 mg / m ³ , which is close to literature data, for example [1]. When supplying air for combustion with two streams, the ozone concentration in one of them should be so many times higher than the set concentration, how many times the flow of this stream is below the optimal concentration. The concentration of ozone in the stream at the output of the ozonizer is advisable to maintain within 160 ... 400 mg / m ³ depending on the performance of the device for fuel, which will provide a stable mixture of flows in the confuser-diffuser nozzle 2 and the annular expansion chamber.

When using an ozonizer with a capacity of 16 g of ozone per hour and supplying 100 m ³ / h of ozone-air mixture, taking the optimal concentration of ozone is 50 mg / m ³ and recording the ratio of ozone concentrations and flows in the form

C ₁ / C ₂ = q ₁ / q ₂ and q ₂ = C ₂ q ₁ / C ₁ ,

where C ₁ - economical (optimal) concentration of ozone after mixing the flows, mg / m ³ , C ₁ ≈50 mg / m ³ ;

C ₂ - concentration of ozone in the ozonized agent mg / m ^3, C ₂ = 16 × 10 ^3/100 = 160 mg / m ^3;

q ₁ , q ₂ - supply of ozonized and non-zoned flows, respectively, m ³ / h

As a result, we determine the flow of unzoned flow

q ₂ = 160 × 100/50 = 320 m ³ / h.

Example. Production tests of the TAUM-0.3 furnace device and laboratory studies on the burning of liquid (diesel) fuel in ozone-air and non-ozonized environments were carried out. A significant effect of ozone on fuel combustion processes has been established (see table).

Indicators Production test Laboratory tests Without ozonation Ozonation according to the prototype method Without ozonation Ozonation by
the claimed method one 2 3 four 5 6 7 Fuel consumption, kg / h 25 16 25.3 16 1,2 1,2 Excess air ratio 1.36 1.4 1.36 1.37 1.3 1.15 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 The composition of the exhaust gases CO, PPM 12 23 eleven 40 - - O ₂ % 5,6 5,0 5,6 5.7 - - CO ₂ % 11,4 11.1 11,4 11.3 - - Flue gas temperature, ° С 228 229 237 270 226 252 The consumption of heated air, m ³ / h 11500 560 The degree of air heating, ° C 78 93 81 95 75 81 The amount of combustion air, m ³ / h 380 250 385 250 eighteen 15,5 The concentration of ozone in the air, mg / m ² - - 21 32 - 48

The combustion of liquid fuel by the prototype method and the claimed one helps to increase the combustion rate, as well as the intensification of combustion processes, which leads to an increase in heat generation, confirmed by an increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases and a greater degree of heating of the coolant. According to the prototype method, in comparison with the supply of neonized air, the degree of process intensification is 7 ... 8%, and according to the claimed 10 ... 12%, the efficiency of the furnace also increases by a close value, which confirms the effectiveness of the method. At the same time, there are no leaks from the fuel fittings of the ozone-air mixture and complete safety of fuel combustion in the ozone-air environment is ensured.

Information sources

1. Tolstoukhova T.N. Improving the process of heat treatment of feed in batch apparatuses through the use of ozonized air, author of the diss. for the degree of candidate of technical science, Zernograd, 2001, p.11 (prototype).

2. RF patent No. 2200903, cl. F 23 D 5/00, BI No. 8, 2003 (prototype).

3. Description to ed. USSR No. 567017, cl. F 23 D 11/40 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. A method of burning fuel, which consists in spraying fuel with a stream of an unzoned gaseous agent, ozonizing and feeding a non-zoned agent spontaneously, mixing and igniting the mixture, characterized in that the ozonized agent is fed into the mixture normally by a stream of non-zoned in its vortex cavity, which is formed during expansion flow. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow rate of the non-zoned gaseous agent is calculated by the formula q ₂ = C ₂ q ₁ / C ₁ , where C ₁ - economical (optimal) concentration of ozone after mixing the flows, mg / m ³ ; C ₂ is the concentration of ozone in the ozonated agent, mg / m ³ ; q ₁ , q ₂ - supply of ozonized and non-zoned flows, respectively, m ³ / h 3. A device for burning fuel, comprising a box, a movable confuser-diffuser nozzle, a fuel nozzle, an annular expansion chamber and candles, characterized in that at least one through the hole communicated by the duct to the ozone source.