RU2269380C1 - Method of ores dressing by automatic methods and a device for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining; dressing of solid minerals by an automatic lump-by-lump ore separation.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of mining, in particular, to dressing of solid minerals by an automatic lump-by-lump ore separation. The method includes a screen sizing of materials, formation of a continuous single ore flow of lumps with the help of the transfer-forming assemblies mounted in places of withdrawal of the ore lumps separate flows from the sizing screen onto the band separators and made in the form of the steel plates mounted at an angle of 35-45° to horizon and with the smoothly salient end and edges and with the width of the withdrawal part equal to 2.5-3.0 diameters of the sorted size grade. At that, above the surface of the plates at one sidewall there is a rigid guiding plate and at another sidewall there are in series top-down located bent resilient guiding plates. Delivery of the ore lumps continuous single row flow onto the band of the separator is conducted at the speed of the lumps in the flow equal to the speed of the belt motion. After that the continuous single-row flow passes in succession through the stand-alone areas of measurements located along a the path of movement of the flow of lumps in the separator, in each of which is continuously exercised registration of radiation from the lumps present in the flow within the short time intervals of 5-50-ms and the further detection of the self-radiation of the lumps and transmission of the signal for the lumps takeout in a concentrate. The technical result of the invention is improvement of the quality of the continuous single-row flow of the ore lumps, an increased effectiveness of separation and improved selectivity of the separation process of the ore lumps flow.

EFFECT: the invention ensures improvement of the quality of separation of the continuous single-row flow of the ore lumps and effectiveness of separation and selectivity of the separation process of the ore lumps flow.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of solid mineral processing, in particular automatic lump mining.

Known methods for ore dressing by automatic methods, which include preliminary ore preparation (screening, washing, etc.), forming sparse streams of pieces on separators (distance between pieces - 100-200 mm) and their piecewise separation using various methods: radiometric, X-ray radiometric, luminescent, electromagnetometric, photometric, etc. These and other methods and various sorting equipment used in this case are widely described in the literature (Mokrousov V.A., Lileev V.A. Radiometric beneficiation of non-radioactive ores. M: Nedra, 1979; Revnivtsev V.I. Radiographic enrichment of complex ores of non-ferrous and rare metals. M: Nedra, 1990). The average technological efficiency of these methods, taking into account the influence of ore preparation, is 0.5-0.65 dollars.

A known method and device in which the flow of pieces of ore is directed into the measurement zone of a single-stage separator and divided into three products using a two-position separation unit (Baldin SA, etc. Multi-product separator for the processing of complex ores. "Ore dressing", No. 5, 1986, p. 26-27).

A known method and device of ore preparation for ore dressing by automatic sorting methods (SU 1530255, 03 V 1/00), according to which the washing of selected classes of fineness, their transportation, the formation of separate streams from each such class and their direction for automatic sorting are performed during screening on the screen. In this case, in each formed stream, the pieces are arranged in one row directly one after another.

The device for ore preparation consists of a screen and single-stage belt separators directly adjacent to the screen and connected to it by means of reloading-forming units, with which the generated ore flows are transferred from the screen to the separator belts.

A feature of the reloading and forming units used in the device is that they are made in the form of ordinary smoothly curved ore passages (leaks) of rectangular cross section.

A disadvantage of the known method of ore dressing and a device for its implementation is that the flow is not uniform due to the fact that the ore-forming unit (closed estrus) is used as the overload-forming unit, which does not provide an acceptable alignment of the pieces in a continuous single-row flow, so as part of the pieces, accelerating when sliding along the underside of the estrus, they acquire a speed of movement significantly higher than the speed of the separator belts. In addition, the closed chutes used are often jammed by oversized pieces, which is the reason for the unexpected stoppage of the entire technological process.

The main disadvantage of the known method and device is that the analysis of the radiation of pieces is carried out only in one measurement zone equipped with a multi-threshold radiation recorder. At any given moment, groups of pieces (3-5 pieces) with various combinations of their quality and, therefore, with different levels of illumination, pass through the measurement zone, which has a certain sensitivity diagram. As a result, together with pieces of improved quality, pieces of rock fall into the enriched product, and separation efficiency decreases. Note that the technological consequences of the noted drawback of the known method and device are manifested the stronger, the richer the ore being concentrated and its contrast is stronger.

A known method of ore dressing by automatic methods, including screening of materials, forming a single-line stream of pieces, feeding a separator to the belt, and a device for ore dressing by automatic methods, including screening, the working surface of the screen is divided into channels for forming ore flows, the number of which is equal to the number of channels in the tape separators, transshipment-forming units installed at the places where individual ore streams flow from the screen to the separators (KC 2215584 S, 11/10/2003, B 03 B 7/00), accepted as e prototype to the proposed group of inventions.

The main disadvantages of the known method and device for ore dressing by automatic methods are the separation of ore into only two products and, accordingly, the low efficiency of ore separation.

The technical result consists in eliminating these shortcomings, improving the quality of a continuous single-row flow of ore pieces and improving the selectivity of the process of separation of the ore stream and, on this basis, increasing the technological efficiency of ore dressing by automatic methods to 0.8-0.9 dol.ed. depending on the degree of mineral processing.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a method of ore dressing by automatic methods, including screening of materials, forming a single-line stream of pieces, feeding a separator to the belt, according to the invention, a continuous single-line stream of pieces is formed using reloading-forming units installed at the places where individual flows of pieces of ore from a screen to separators and made in the form of steel plates installed at an angle of 35-45 ° to the horizon with a smoothly curved end and sides, with a discharge hour width a diameter equal to 2.5-3.0 of the diameter of the sortable size class, with a rigid guide plate placed on the surface of the plates on one side, and curved elastic guide plates sequentially from top to bottom located on the other side. In this case, a continuous single-line flow is fed to the separator belt at a piece speed in the stream equal to the belt speed, after which a continuous single-line stream passes sequentially through autonomous measurement zones located along the path of the piece flow in the separator, in each of which radiation is continuously recorded from pieces in the stream for short time intervals of 5-50 ms and further revealing the intrinsic radiation of the pieces, and transmitting the signal to select the pieces in con entrat.

In the device for ore dressing by automatic methods, including a screen, the working surface of the screen is divided into channels for forming ore streams, the number of which is equal to the number of channels in the belt separators, overload-forming units installed in the places where individual pieces of ore flow from the screen to the separators, according to of the invention, the overload - forming units are made in the form of steel plates installed at an angle of 35-45 ° to the horizon with a smoothly curved end and sides, with a discharge part width equal to 2.5-3.0 dia sortable size class, with a rigid guide plate placed on the surface of the plates on one side, and curved elastic guide plates arranged sequentially from top to bottom on the other side, while three or two autonomous irradiation-measuring-dividing units with estruses are sequentially located along the separator tapes for removal of enrichment products.

The composition and type of autonomous irradiation-measuring and separation units may be different depending on the technological properties of mineral raw materials and the separation methods used. If the ore is sorted by only one method, for example, radiometric, then all three autonomous zones are of the same type and are equipped only with scintillation units for detecting gamma radiation. When using the X-ray radiometric method, the measurement zones are equipped with irradiators and detection units mounted under the tapes.

If the ore should be enriched according to two or more separation signs, for example, X-ray radiometric and luminescent, then appropriate irradiation-measuring units are installed along the tapes. There may be other options for completing autonomous measurement zones in separators.

It is important to note that the simultaneous use of the proposed method for separating a single-row continuous stream of ore pieces in three or two sequentially located autonomous measurement zones and further continuous registration of radiation with short time intervals, as well as new devices (a flat reloading-forming unit and a multi-stage separator) make it possible to overcome the main difficulty when separating these streams associated with a high degree of illumination, and to achieve the specified technical result.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, where:

- figure 1 shows a diagram of a General view of a device for ore dressing by automatic methods;

- figure 2 shows the design of the proposed reloading and forming unit;

- figure 3 shows a diagram of a radiometric separator with three autonomous measurement nodes on each of its stream.

A device for ore dressing by automatic methods consists of a two-section screen 1, ten multi-stage belt separators 2 for various size classes and open load-forming units 3 located in front of each separator 2.

The loading and forming unit 3 (Fig. 2) consists of a plate 4 with a smoothly curved lower end and sides 5. Along the sides are curved elastic guides 6 and a rigid guide 7. The width of the outlet part 1 is 2.5-3.0 diameters of the sorted class size. Angle α = 35-45 °; angle β = 60-65 °. The node 3 is located in the initial part of the tape 8 of the separator 2.

The design of the three-stage two-strand separator 2 (Fig. 3) is a frame 9, on the rolls 10 of which two parallel conveyor belts 8 are stretched, along which three or two autonomous measurement zones are located. Each of them consists of an irradiation unit, a detection unit 11 for radiation from pieces of ore, a lead shield 12, a separating device 13 and estrus 14 for removing sorting products. At the end of the tape, estruses 15 are located for outputting the tails.

It should be noted that the composition of the device (Fig. 1), depending on its productivity and granular composition of the processed ore, may include only a single-section screen and, accordingly, a smaller number of separators.

The complex of technical solutions protected by this invention is implemented as follows. The initial ore, as a rule, with a fineness of -200 mm, is fed to a screen 1, on which sortable classes of fineness are isolated and washed, for example, -200 + 100, -100 + 50 and -50 + 25 mm. During their movement along the screen from each class of fineness, narrow ore streams are preliminarily formed, the number of which is equal to the number of channels in the separators for the corresponding class. These narrow streams in places of their departure from the roar arrive at the flat overload-forming nodes 3.

Pieces of narrow pieces flows arrive at the inclined plate 4 of the reloading and forming unit 3 (Fig. 2) and, passing between the guide plates 6 and 7, are inhibited by contacts with the guides due to a collision with each other and are grouped into a continuous single-row stream of pieces, several more slowing down at the curved end of an inclined plate. As a result, the speed of the flow pieces is almost the same with the speed of the tapes.

For normal operation, it is necessary that the angle of inclination of the plate is within 35-45 °, and the angle of inclination of the rigid guide β = 60-65 °. The exit to the section of the plate 4 should be equal to approximately 2.5 diameters of the largest pieces in the separated class.

The characteristics of the streams of pieces emerging from the known (conventional ore passing) and the claimed devices are given in Table 1, the analysis of which confirms the great advantage (about 2 times) of the new device over the known one by its main characteristics (by overlap and portion ratio).

Formed single-line flows from flat loading and forming devices are fed to the belts 8 of the separators 2 and sequentially pass autonomous zones located along the belts.

In each autonomous zone, radiation is continuously recorded from pieces in the stream, during which time intervals of 5-50 ms (depending on the technological properties of the ore), process the received information and identify the pieces' own radiation (without the influence of backlight), as well as signal transmission for the selection of ore pieces in concentrate.

Table 1 Name of characteristics Reloading-forming nodes declared famous range of parameters average values range of parameters values The number of pieces per 1 l.m. tapes 20,2-21,5 20.8 16,2-22,3 19,4 Coefficient of overlap,% 9.2-11.3 10,2 15.5-20.9 18.8 Portion Ratio,% 15.1-16.9 16.1 24.4-43.0 34

As a rule, in the first zone, the richest pieces are selected for concentrate, in the second - medium in quality, and in the third, the remaining part of the ore is divided into poor concentrate and rock (tailings). Accordingly, cutoff levels expressed in the content of the useful component decrease from the first zone to the last. In practice, for example, in the separation of multicomponent ores (polymetallic ores, etc.), the ratio of cut-offs by zones may be different. Ultimately, everything is determined by the technological properties of the ores (material composition, useful component content, contrast and fractional composition of the ore according to the selected criterion or signs of separation), or even separation methods. Table 2 shows the results of radiometric ore separation under industrial conditions using single-stage separators and in experimental conditions using the proposed method and devices.

A comparison of the results shows that the proposed enrichment method and device for its implementation provide the claimed technical result. Technological efficiency as a whole according to the scheme increases from 0.57-0.66 dollars up to 0.9-0.93 dol.ed., while the output of the tails is significantly increased, and the content of the useful component in general, the concentrate increases by about 2-3 times. As follows from Table 2, the proposed enrichment method and device create the possibility of separate separation of three enriched products at once and also make it possible in some cases to change in a favorable direction the further technology for the extraction of metals from mined ores by separate extraction of the useful component from each enriched product. So, rich concentrates (concentrate 1) can be processed using a simplified and cheap metallurgical technology, ordinary ones (concentrate 2) can be processed using conventional technology, and poor (concentrate) can be processed using a very simple and cheap method - heap leaching.

Thus, the use of this enrichment method and the corresponding device allows, by improving the quality of concentrates, increasing the separation efficiency and increasing the yield of waste rock, create the prerequisites for more economical mining of mineral deposits and efficient use of mineral resources.

table 2 Separation method Separation products Separation results exit, % PC content,% PC extraction,% enrichment ratio, rel. Separation efficiency Ore №1 Famous Concentrate 44.9 0.158 91.2 2.0 0.51 Tails 55.1 0.013 8.8 0.17 0.66 Source ore 100.0 0,078 100.0 1.00 Statements Concentrate 1 6.4 0.739 59.9 9,4 Concentrate 2 5.8 0.249 18.3 3.2 Concentrate 3 5.5 0.104 7.2 1.3 General concentrate 17.7 0.381 85,4 4.8 0.90 Tails 82.3 0.014 14.6 0.18 0.93 Source ore 100.0 0,079 100.0 1.00 Ore №2 Famous Concentrate 57.0 0,301 9.68 1.7 0.48 Tails 43.0 0.014 3.2 0.08 0.57 Source ore 100.0 0.177 100.0 1.00 Statements Concentrate 1 7.6 1,636 74,4 9.6 Concentrate 2 7.2 0.334 14.0 2.0 Concentrate 3 6.8 0.115 4.6 0.7 General concentrate 21.6 0.736 93.0 4.3 0.91 Tails 78,4 0.015 7.0 0.09 0.90 Source ore 100.0 0.171 100.0 1.00

Claims (2)

1. A method of ore dressing by automatic methods, including screening of materials, forming a single-line stream of pieces, feeding a separator onto the belt, characterized in that they form a continuous single-line stream of pieces using reloading and forming units installed at the places where separate flows of pieces of ore from the screen to separators and made in the form of steel plates installed at an angle of 35-45 ° to the horizon with a smoothly curved end and sides, with a discharge part width equal to 2.5-3.0 of the diameter of the sortable class and in large sizes, with a rigid guide plate placed over the surface of the plates on one side, and on the other successively curved elastic guide plates are located, from top to bottom, a continuous single-row flow is fed to the separator belt at a piece speed in the stream equal to the belt speed, after which a continuous single-row flow passes sequentially through autonomous measurement zones located along the trajectory of the flow of pieces in the separator, in each of which continuously p the registration of radiation from pieces in the stream for short time intervals of 5-50 ms and the further identification of the radiation from the pieces and transmitting the signal to select the pieces in concentrate. 2. A device for ore dressing by automatic methods, including a screen, the working surface of the screen is divided into channels for the formation of ore flows, the number of which is equal to the number of channels in the belt separators, overload-forming nodes installed in the places where the individual flows of pieces of ore from the screen to the separators, characterized in that the overload-forming nodes are made in the form of steel plates installed at an angle of 35-45 ° to the horizon with a smoothly curved end and sides, with a discharge part width equal to 2.5-3.0 dia sortable size class, moreover, a rigid guide plate is placed above the plate surface on one side and curved elastic guide plates are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, while three or two autonomous irradiation-measuring-dividing units with estruses are successively arranged along separator belts enrichment products.

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