RU226786U1 - Central module on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor for power distribution units - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to power distribution devices, and can be used to control power distribution units (PDUs, PDUs) used to organize reliable power supply to servers, including in cabinets of corporate and commercial data processing centers (DPCs) . The central module based on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor is made in the form of a multilayer printed circuit board. On the top side of the board there are: the domestic Baikal-T1 microprocessor, RAM, Flash BIOS memory chips, a programmable STM microcontroller containing a power supervisor, an RTC real-time clock, FRU MAC address configuration, a watchdog timer, a multi-level voltage driver, as well as an Ethernet controller and Power supplies. On the bottom side of the board there is RAM, an emmc flash drive and connectors that allow the central module to be installed in the mating part of the motherboard of the intelligent PDU module. The use of the proposed central module on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor for PDU allows you to monitor power consumption and environmental parameters, remotely turn on IT equipment and disconnect unused connectors, determine the sequence of turning on and off connected equipment, and warn about too high or low parameter values before when a critical event occurs, use the connection of a large number of PSUs, monitor the power network parameters at each phase or at each PDU output socket and control the sockets individually.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to power distribution devices, and can be used to control power distribution units (PDUs, PDUs) used to organize reliable power supply to servers, including in cabinets of corporate and commercial data processing centers (DPCs) .

A power distribution unit is an electronic module that provides electrical power to a network of electronic devices. Today's distributed computing networks require an intelligent PSU that not only provides power to all connected devices, but also monitors the current consumption and load on each node, so a central module for managing the PDU is essential to realizing the marketable functions of such devices.

Currently, the needs of the Russian market are met mainly by increasing the volume of imports of intelligent PDUs of foreign production. The share of imports in different segments varied from 70 to 85%.

Technical solutions in the field of intelligent power distribution and monitoring units are known from the prior art. The domestic market is dominated by foreign smart PDUs, mainly from Chinese manufacturers.

A central processor module is known, which is an industrial controller containing a printed circuit board with a built-in information storage device and a microprocessor placed on it that collects information from the inputs and ports RS-232 and RS-485 and transmits it via the Ethernet interface, a serial port controller and a network controller interfaces connected to the microprocessor and to a block of blocks and connectors designed for connecting third-party devices and switches, non-volatile memory, real-time clock with an autonomous power supply, and it is equipped with software for converting lower-level digital information protocol data into upper-level information protocol data , located on the built-in information storage device containing the operating and executive systems, has a connector for connecting removable information storage devices associated with the microprocessor, and also contains additionally at least one serial port controller and a network interface controller associated with the microprocessor and the unit blocks and connectors (RU 109303). The disadvantage is that it is not intended for use in PDUs.

A central processor module is known according to RF patent No. 209555 dated March 17, 2022, which contains a multilayer printed circuit board on the first (upper) and second (lower) sides of which flat conductors are made in the form of sections of metallized coating placed on a dielectric base and providing connection between themselves and with a central processor asymmetrically mounted on the board of active elements of the electrical circuit, as well as expansion buses, a testing and debugging connector during programming and data exchange connectors between the central processor module and the input and/or output modules of the industrial controller, with the following active elements located on the first side of the board : the first, second, third, fourth and fifth elements of RAM, a programmable FPGA chip, an interface chip for several low-speed devices, a multi-level voltage driver, an Ethernet interface transformer, the first and second LVDS interface converters, an audio controller, while the following active ones are located on the second side of the board elements: central processor, SSD flash drive, Flash BIOS memory chips, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth elements of RAM DDR3, two RS-422/485 interface transceivers, two RS-232 interface transceivers, PCI interface controller/converter, two Ethernet controllers, three memory chips, a protective diode in the power circuits against polarity reversal, a power supervisor. The disadvantage is that it is not intended for use in PDUs.

International application WO 2015095069 (A1) dated June 25, 2015, presents a power distribution unit (PDU), which describes a processing device, which is a computing or processing device that includes one or more processors and memory, and is designed to receive data and/or messages from and/or transmission of data and/or messages to a computer equipment device via a communication cable. The memory stores the sensor interface and communication algorithm, which are executed by the processors. The sensor interface receives measurement information from one or more sensors configured in the associated power distribution module, processes the information, and then passes the processed information to a communication algorithm that transmits the information to the remote computer equipment. For example, a sensor interface may receive current information indicating an overload condition on one leg of a power distribution module and transmit this information to a communication algorithm to notify remote computer equipment that a fault condition exists on the power distribution module.

A complex power distribution terminal is known according to patent CN 214755740 dated November 16, 2021, which contains a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) processor, a temperature and humidity input module, an analog value input module and an input module switching values, the temperature and humidity input module and the switching value input module are respectively connected to the DSP processor and the FPGA processor through serial buses, the analog value input module is connected to the DSP processor and the FPGA processor, the CPU processor is connected to the memory and the power supply module, which are respectively used for data storage and electrical power supply, the CPU processor is also connected to the I2C interface, and the I2C interface is connected to the DSP processor and the FPGA processor. And many communication interfaces are connected after level conversion. According to the utility model, a CPU processor, a DSP processor, and an FPGA processor are combined so that the computation volume of the CPU processor is reduced and processing efficiency is improved.

A common disadvantage of application WO 2015095069 and patent CN 214755740 is that they do not provide for the use of domestically produced microcircuits.

RF patent No. 221216 dated October 25, 2023 describes a power distribution unit with phase-by-phase monitoring of groups of sockets, where the intelligent module performs the function of processing and storing indicators of measuring modules, in this case, phase monitoring and contains a display, a motherboard connected to the processor module board and display board.

A technical solution is known according to RF patent No. 220972 dated October 11, 2023, which describes a power distribution unit with monitoring of each outlet, containing an intelligent module with a processor that processes signals received from PDU sensors and stores the data in non-volatile memory. If a critical situation occurs, for example, a sharp increase in temperature near the client’s working machine, the processor transmits a signaling signal of this event to the display via the SPI protocol and to the signal LED of the intelligent module, with the ability to use multiple access options via the Web interface, Telnet, Modbus, SSH, SMTP, SNMP (v1 / v2c / v3), RADIUS, MQTT, HTTP/HTTPS, SYSLOG, and also saves this signal to the log of critical situations in non-volatile memory.

The disadvantage of these utility models is that it is not indicated which processor is used in the intelligent PDU module.

The task set is to solve the problem of import substitution, namely to develop a compact central module on the domestic Baikal-T1 microprocessor to control the power distribution unit.

The technical result of the utility model is a compact central module on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor with the functionality of using it to control a power distribution unit no more than 56 mm wide, including socket modules, a phase control module and an intelligent module, which, in addition to the declared central module, houses a display and a motherboard pay.

The specified technical result is achieved by a developed central module based on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor for the PDU, which is made in the form of a multilayer printed circuit board. At the same time, on the upper side of the board there are: a domestic microprocessor Baikal-T1, RAM, Flash BIOS memory chips, a programmable STM microcontroller containing a power supervisor, an RTC real-time clock, an FRU MAC address configuration, a watchdog timer, a multi-level voltage driver, and a controller Ethernet and power supplies, and on the bottom side of the board there is RAM, an emmc flash drive and connectors that allow the central module to be installed in the mating part of the motherboard of the intelligent PDU module. On the top, bottom, and internal layers of the board there are flat conductors in the form of sections of metallized coating, placed on a dielectric base and providing connection with each other and with the active elements of the electrical circuit mounted on the board of the central module, as well as with expansion buses, a test connector and debugging during programming and data exchange connectors between the central module containing the Baikal-T1 microprocessor and phase control modules, PDU socket modules, as well as with external devices via Ethernet serial data transmission channels.

The domestic microprocessor Baikal-T1 belongs to the system-on-chip type. The microprocessor (MP) contains two MIPS32r5 P5600 Warrior cores. (Roman Stavtsev, Baikal-T1 Processor. Software and hardware environment, OSSDEVCONF-2018).

The core clock frequency in the MP is 1.2 GHz. Basic kernel parameters:

Address space expanded to 4 TB (40-bit address);

16-stage conveyor with fetching 4 commands per 1 cycle;

Arithmetic coprocessor with SIMD unit for operation with 32 128-bit registers;

Dimensions of vectors in registers: 816 bits, or 168 bits, or 4 32 bits, or 2 64 bits;

Operations with 8-, 16- and 32-bit integers;

16-, 32-, and 64-bit floating point operations, IEEE-754 standard;

Clocked at core frequency;

Executes 4 integer instructions and 2 SIMD operations in one cycle;

64-bit instruction cache;

64-bit data cache;

Branch prediction;

Hardware virtualization technology is supported;

Provides privilege levels for guest and root OS;

Supports up to 15 guest OS;

Support for TLB associative translation buffer and COP0 coprocessor context for guest and root OS. Complete isolation of OS from each other;

Programmable memory control unit;

Level 1 TLB, 16 input command entries, 32 data entries;

Level 2 TLB buffer, concurrent access, fixed and variable page sizes;

Buffer VTLB, 5122 entries.

The MP is produced using 28nm technology at the Taiwanese TSMC factory. The operating temperature range of the MP has been confirmed by tests within the range of 0–70°С; according to calculated data, the operating temperature range can reach –45…70°С. The MP is available in a 578-pin BGA package measuring 2525 mm. Power consumption does not exceed 5 W. Each processor core contains a 64 KB data cache and a 64 KB instruction cache. A cluster of two cores has an 8-channel associative L2 cache with a capacity of 1 MB. The microprocessor is equipped with a universal SDRAM memory controller. Main parameters of the controller:

Complies with JEDEC DDR3 SDRAM Specifications JESD79–3E;

DDR3–1600, memory operating frequency is 800 MHz;

Supports SDRAM memory up to 8 GB;

32-bit wide external bus with 8-bit error correction code;

SDRAM chips with data bus widths of 8 bits and 16 bits are supported;

Two memory ranks are supported.

MP interfaces are divided into low-speed and high-speed.

Low speed interfaces:

32-bit GPIO port;

3-bit GPIO port;

2 UART ports;

3 SPI ports;

2 I2C ports;

High speed interfaces:

10Gb Ethernet;

2 GMAC RGMII;

PCIe Gen3. x4;

2 SATA 6G;

1 USB 2.0 host.

Using the central module on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor allows you to achieve the following capabilities for the PDU:

implementation of monitoring of power consumption and environmental parameters,

the ability to remotely turn on IT equipment and disconnect unused connectors,

the ability to determine the sequence of switching on and off of connected equipment, which makes it possible to implement the correct switching order and extend the operating time of critical equipment due to phased shutdown,

the presence of RJ45 ports for connecting a network, discrete and analog sensors for monitoring the state of the external environment without the use of an expansion unit and circuit breakers equipped with the ability, through user settings, to warn about a parameter value that is too high or low before a critical event occurs,

the presence of rs-485 interface ports, which can be used as a daisy chain connection of a large number of PDUs,

monitoring of power network parameters at each phase or at each PDU output socket, controlling sockets individually.

The claimed utility model is described in the following drawings.

In FIG. Figure 1 shows the arrangement of the elements of the central module on the top side of the board.

In FIG. Figure 2 shows the location of the elements of the central module on the bottom side of the board.

In FIG. 3 - functional diagram of the central module on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the appearance of the upper side of the central module board (a); appearance of the bottom side of the central module board (b).

The claimed central module (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) contains the following active elements: microprocessor 1 Baikal-T1, RAM 2, programmable microcontroller 3 STM, multi-level voltage driver 4, flash drive emmc 5, memory chips 6 Flash BIOS, controller 7 Ethernet, 8 connectors that allow you to install the central module in the mating part of the motherboard of the intelligent PDU module, 9 power supervisor, 10 power supplies that convert 12 V power to 0.95 V, 1.5 V, 3.3 V, 5 V.

In addition, the central module is made with a built-in real-time clock and a graphics coprocessor, and is also equipped with an aluminum alloy radiator under natural convection, which removes heat to the metal body of the PDU under natural convection. The radiator is made and secured through a plastic adapter and does not require active cooling (not shown in Fig.).

The central module on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor works as follows.

During normal operation, the central module receives signals containing data and instructions, for example, polling interfaces, requesting data from memory, performing calculations on data, and issues signals with processed data via the corresponding bus.

In general, the execution of the program “Built-in software of power distribution units” consists of reading data from input-output modules, data from socket modules and a phase control module connected to the central module via the ULPI bus, data from digital temperature and humidity sensors via the bus I2C, display data via the SPI bus and/or from external devices via Ethernet serial data transmission channels and subsequent data processing according to the algorithm specified by the program and issuing the resulting control data to the above data input/output modules and to external monitored and managed devices via interfaces data transmission.

A special feature of the central module is a unique set of components inside the module and a compact solution based on the domestic Baikal-T1 microprocessor, STM microcontroller, and piping interface converters and power support, which allows it to be used in PDUs with a width of no more than 56 mm. All interfaces are routed to two ports.

The detailed operation algorithm of the central module is determined by the installed firmware of the power distribution unit devices (SW).

If it is necessary to download software, an external USB port is used and external USB devices are connected.

To increase the reliability of the module during long-term unattended operation, a watchdog timer is used, which forms a hardware reboot of the processor due to power supply and its reboot in the event of a software freeze.

Data received by the Baikal-T1 microprocessor can be transmitted directly to the corresponding input-output means, and can also be perceived as a task or commands for execution by the Baikal-T1 microprocessor, in accordance with the program loaded into the DDR3 1600 RAM memory device (item 2 on figures 1 and 2).

When the product operates, its equipment does, in particular, the following.

The Baikal-T1 microprocessor, designated in Fig. 3 as “BE-T1000”, is a domestic system-on-chip based on the MIPS Warrior P-class P5600 architecture with a rich set of high-speed interfaces, designed for a wide range of target devices in the consumer and B2B segments.

"USB TRANSCEIVER USB3315" is designed to convert ULPI interface to USB.

"USB HUB+MMC4.2 USB2642" is a device that expands the number of USB ports in the device. Necessary for expanding the capabilities of USB devices and devices with plug-in memory, allowing you to simultaneously connect several devices, for example, memory, flash drives for firmware, RS485.

An "EMMC" (Embedded MultiMedia Card) with a capacity of 8GB is required to store large amounts of data or software. EMMC with 8GB can provide you with high capacity and high data transfer speed to meet your specific needs. Connects to USB HUB+MMC4.2 USB2642.

“DDR3 -1600” RAM with a frequency of 1600 MHz and a capacity of 2 GB provides high speed and sufficient performance to perform device operation tasks, and is connected directly to the “BE-T1000” processor.

"GBE0_RTL8211F" Ethernet microcontroller. This controller allows you to install a high-speed Ethernet network (1000 Mbit/s) and connect the device to a local network or the Internet. In its specific implementation, the RTL8211F is a network controller that uses the Gigabit Ethernet (Gigabit Ethernet) protocol, which provides high data transfer rates and supports most modern network protocols.

“DEBUG” interfaces output to the port for initial programming of the processor module..

“USB 2.0A” The interface is connected to the USB HUB for connecting a drive with the device’s firmware image. Required for the initial firmware of the device.

“EC” is an STM microcontroller containing a power supervisor, RTC real-time clock, FRU MAC address configuration, and a watchdog timer to reboot the device in case of a hang.

“Power” is a set of power supplies controlled by the “EC” supervisor.

As well as the rest of the set of signals output to the ports. “USB Signal pins” - required for outputting RS485 interfaces. “UART pins” - an interface for interaction with other modules inside the PDU. "SPI_LCD" - interface for TFT display operation. “Digital input pins” - ports for transmitting door status data: open/closed; smoke sensor and light and sound alarm from discrete sensors. “Analog input pins” - ports for transmitting data about floor flooding from analog sensors. “I2C” is an interface for the operation of digital temperature and humidity sensors. “Digital output pins” - ports for data transmission of discrete 12V Alarm output. “Buzzer pin” - ports necessary for transmitting sounder signals. “Tact switch pins” - ports necessary for transmitting control button signals. “Tact switch pin” - the port required to transmit the reset button signal.

The use of the proposed central module on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor for PDU allows you to monitor power consumption and environmental parameters, remotely turn on IT equipment and disconnect unused connectors, determine the sequence of turning on and off connected equipment, and warn about too high or low parameter values before when a critical event occurs, use the connection of a large number of PSUs, monitor the power network parameters at each phase or at each PDU output socket and control the sockets individually. Consequently, the technical result has been achieved.

Claims (1)

The central module based on the Baikal-T1 microprocessor for the power distribution unit, characterized by the fact that it is made in the form of a multilayer printed circuit board, while on the upper side of the board there are: the Baikal-T1 microprocessor; RAM; Flash BIOS memory chips; a programmable STM microcontroller containing a power supervisor, real-time clock, MAC address configuration, watchdog timer, multi-level voltage driver; as well as an Ethernet controller and power supplies; and on the bottom side of the board there is RAM, an eMMC flash drive and connectors that allow the central module to be installed in the mating part of the motherboard of the intelligent BRP module, while the Baikal-T1 central processor is connected to the STM microcontroller, RAM, Ethernet controller, Flash memory chip BIOS, eMMC flash drive and connectors that allow the central module to be installed in the mating part of the motherboard of the intelligent PDU module, and power supplies provide energy to all active elements of the board.