RU2267365C2 - Apparatus for separation of bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: by-product-coking industry; coal-mining industry; power and other branches of industry; devices for separation of bulk materials in size order.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to devices for separation of bulk materials in size order and may be used in by-product-coking industry, coal-mining industry, power and other branches of industry. The apparatus for separation of bulk materials contains: a body, a loading hopper with a feeding mechanism, a layers-laying machine mounted under the feeding mechanism, two separating grates mounted along the body of the apparatus with a clearance in respect to each other and supplied on both their sides with the overflow thresholds, scraper conveyors with a drive gear and a tightener, hoppers for fine and large products, a device for an air supply under the separating grates. The layers-laying machine is made in the form of the dual-slop chute located between the separating grates and a flag mounted upright above the chute and coaxially with it and fixed rigidly on the shaft with possibility of the flag turning together with the shaft in both sides in respect to the vertical plain. The flag is connected to an actuator coupled to the pressure detectors mounted above the separating grates, and a located under the chute clearance between the separating grates is occluded. The technical result of the invention is an increased effectiveness of separation of the bulk materials.

EFFECT: the invention ensures an increased effectiveness of separation of the bulk materials.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a device for the separation of bulk materials by size and can be used in the coke, coal, energy and other industries.

A known apparatus for separating bulk materials, including a housing, a loading hopper with a feeder, a layer layer, one distribution grid, overflow thresholds, discharge hoppers, a scraper conveyor with the execution of U-shaped scrapers installed with the possibility of vertical movement, a closed air circulation system [Aut. testimonial. USSR No. 854462, publ. 08/15/81].

The disadvantage of this solution is the uneven distribution of bulk material on the surface of the distribution grid by the layer paver, which led to the need to use U-shaped scrapers and install them with a comb, and to control the height of the comb, which greatly complicates and complicates the operation of the apparatus.

A known apparatus for separating bulk materials, comprising a housing, a loading hopper with a blade feeder, a layer stacker installed under the feeder, two separation grilles installed with a gap in relation to each other and equipped with overflow thresholds; while the grilles are convex, a scraper conveyor with a drive, a closed air circulation system [Aut. testimonial. USSR No. 917867, publ. 07.04.82] - (prototype).

The disadvantage of this solution is the uneven distribution of bulk material, since the design of the layer layer used in this solution does not allow you to effectively respond to changes in moisture and particle size of the bulk material, that is, in the case when it is necessary to change the flow of material to the grate.

The disadvantage of this solution is also the complication of the design of the separation lattice: the need to change the convexity of the lattices when selecting the optimal separation mode greatly complicates the operation of the apparatus.

The disadvantage of this solution is the lack of devices for changing the height of the thresholds and changing the angle of inclination of them, which does not allow to increase the separation efficiency of bulk materials.

The disadvantage of this solution is the lack of devices to turn off the device and protect it from damage in the event of foreign objects (boards, metal, etc.) getting into the device.

The disadvantage of this solution is the unreliable operation of the scraper conveyor, due to the lack of means for pressing the conveyor to its sliding surface when lifting the conveyor to the hopper to unload a large separation product of bulk material.

The task of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages.

The problem is solved due to the fact that in the apparatus for separating bulk materials, comprising a housing, a loading hopper with a feeder, a layer stacker installed under the feeder, two separation grilles installed along the apparatus body with a gap in relation to each other and equipped with overflow on both sides thresholds, scraper conveyors with a drive and a tensioning device, bins for small and large products, a device for supplying air under the separation grilles, the layer layer is made in the form of a gable tray, p placed between the separation gratings, and a flag mounted vertically above the tray and coaxially mounted rigidly on the shaft with the possibility of turning the flag together with the shaft on both sides relative to the vertical plane, while the flag is connected to an actuator associated with pressure sensors installed above separation bars, and the gap between the separation bars located under the tray is closed.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that overflow thresholds are connected to devices that provide a change in the angle of their inclination and height adjustment.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that the drive of the scraper conveyors is equipped with a hydraulic clutch.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that the tensioning device of the scraper conveyors is located outside the loading zone of bulk material.

The problem is also solved due to the fact that deflecting rollers are installed in the lifting zone of the scraper conveyors to the bunker of a large product.

The execution of the layer layer in the form of a gable tray with a vertical arrangement of the flag ensures uniform supply of bulk material of a certain size and humidity to both separation gratings.

However, upon receipt of the separation of bulk material with increased humidity and / or size, the bulk material segregates in the feed hopper, and the material is unevenly fed to the separation grates, which reduces the separation efficiency.

Setting a flag above the tray with the possibility of rotating it relative to the vertical plane in both directions and fixing it in the required position allows you to cut and divide the flow of bulk material into two equal parts, each of which enters the corresponding slope of the tray, and then to the separation grilles. This provides an equal load on the separation gratings, which leads to an increase in the separation efficiency of bulk material.

The installation of a device that allows you to adjust not only the height of the overflow thresholds, but also the angle of inclination, will increase the efficiency of separation of bulk material by size. With a significant content of a large product in bulk material, as the material moves along the separation grid, the amount of large class increases. This leads to the fact that part of the large product along with the small product is poured over the thresholds and enters the hopper of the small product. An increase in the angle of inclination of overflow thresholds with a rise in the direction of the hopper of a large product will avoid the transition of a large product into a small one and, thereby, increase the efficiency of separation of bulk materials.

The value of the angle of inclination of the thresholds is established empirically.

The installation of a hydraulic clutch on the drive of the scraper conveyors prevents them from breaking if foreign objects get in with the bulk material, since the clutch slips in case of jamming of the conveyor chain, disconnects the drive and stops the conveyor.

Placing the tensioning device of the drive of scraper conveyors outside the zone of loading of bulk material provides the convenience of its maintenance.

Installation on a chain, in the zone of its lifting to the bunker of a large product of deflecting rollers increases the reliability of the scraper conveyors.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the apparatus for the separation of bulk materials in section.

Figure 2 shows the apparatus in section along aa.

The apparatus for separating bulk materials contains a housing 1, a loading hopper 2 with a blade feeder 3 located under the feeder layer layer, made in the form of a gable tray 4 and a flag 5 placed above the tray and mounted vertically and coaxially with the tray 4 and mounted on the shaft 6 with the possibility the rotation of the flag together with the shaft in both directions relative to the vertical plane, the flag 5 is connected to the actuator 7, and the latter is connected with pressure sensors 8.

The apparatus contains two parallel spaced separation gratings 9, installed with a gap; in the area located under the tray, the gap between the separation bars 9 is closed; the gratings 9 are equipped with overflow sills 10 located along the dividing gratings and connected to the device 11, providing a change in the angle of inclination of the thresholds and change their level in height.

The apparatus is equipped with scraper conveyors 12 with a drive 13, a clutch (not shown) and a tension device 14 located outside the bulk material loading zone. In the lifting zone of the scraper conveyors 12 to the hopper of a large product 15, deflecting rollers 16 are installed.

The apparatus is equipped with bins 17 for a small separation product, a hopper 15 for a large product and a device for supplying air under the separation grilles.

The device operates as follows.

The source bulk material of the desired moisture content and particle size from the hopper 2 is fed by a feeder 3 to a tray 4, which has two slopes, where it is divided into two equal parts and evenly fed into two dividing grids 9, while the flag 5 is in the vertical position.

The gap between the separation grilles 9, located under the tray 4, is closed; the air entering under the grilles 9 in this zone brings the bulk material into a fluidized state - the material “boils”, a small product moves to the upper part of the layer, and a large product to the lower part. The bulk material in a fluidized state is discharged from the “boiling” zone by scraper conveyors and fed into the separation zone, where the separation grilles 9 are equipped with overflow thresholds 10. When passing the grilles 9, under which air is supplied, the upper part of the fluidized bed, consisting of fine fractions passes (poured) through the thresholds 10 and enters the hopper 17 of the small product. The lower, largest and heaviest part of the bulk material remaining after separation of the fine fractions is fed by scraper conveyors 12 to the hopper 15 of the large product.

When high humidity and / or coarse bulk material is fed into the apparatus for separation, and when this material is fed to the separation grates, pressure sensors 8 located above the separation gratings 9 fix the pressure difference above the gratings.

If there is a pressure difference on the grids 9, which indicates the uneven supply of bulk material to the grids, the signal from the pressure sensors 8 is fed to the actuator 7. Using the actuator 7, the flag 5 together with the shaft 6 is rotated in one direction or another, depending on the value the sensor signal and cuts the flow of bulk material entering the tray 4 into two equal parts and, thus, the bulk material is fed evenly and in equal amounts to the separation gratings 9 and then the separation id t, as described above.

The proposed apparatus for the separation of bulk materials can improve the efficiency of separation of wet and / or large polydisperse bulk materials and increase the reliability of the apparatus.

Claims (5)

1. A device for separating bulk materials, including a housing, a loading hopper with a feeder, a layer stacker installed under the feeder, two separation grilles installed along the apparatus body with a gap in relation to each other, equipped with overflow thresholds on both sides of them, scraper conveyors with a drive and a tensioning device, hoppers for small and large products, a device for supplying air under the separation grilles, characterized in that the layer layer is made in the form of a gable tray placed m between the separation gratings and the flag mounted vertically above the tray and coaxially mounted rigidly on the shaft with the possibility of turning the flag together with the shaft on both sides relative to the vertical plane, while the flag is connected to an actuator associated with pressure sensors mounted above the separation gratings, and the gap between the separation gratings located under the tray is closed. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the overflow thresholds are connected to devices providing a change in the angle of their inclination and height adjustment. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the scraper conveyor drive is equipped with a hydraulic clutch. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning device of the scraper conveyors is located outside the loading zone of bulk material. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that deflecting rollers are installed in the lifting zone of the scraper conveyors to the bunker of a large product.

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