RU2267200C1 - Automated device for accelerated charging of accumulator battery by asymmetric current - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric engineering, in particular, technology for quick charging of accumulator batteries based on charging-discharging pulse width modulation transformers.

SUBSTANCE: after connection of accumulator batteries to device, battery type is determined automatically and charging algorithm is selected, appropriate for accumulator batteries type. Device has control circuit corresponding to aforementioned algorithm and force portion control circuit. Control block in form of one-crystal microprocessor unit forms signals in accordance to charging algorithm for controlling high-frequency pulse width modulation transformers. As load, to charging pulse width modulation transformers accumulator battery is connected, which is also the power source for discharging pulse width modulation transformer. Signal from current indicator is sent to one-crystal microprocessor unit, which sets and supports necessary level of charging and discharging current in accordance to charging algorithm. Signal from accumulator batteries voltage indicator is sent to one-crystal microprocessor unit for controlling charging process and determining end of charging criterions. Device is meant for quick charging of NiCd, NiMH ventilated, semi-hermetic and fully hermetic accumulator batteries and Li-Ion accumulator batteries with nominal voltage, exceeding, equal to, or lesser than normal device power voltage.

EFFECT: implementation of one and the same elements in circuit of charging and discharging currents, decreased number of elements of force circuit, decreased volume of force portion and expanded functional capabilities of device.

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Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to devices for accelerated charging of rechargeable batteries (AB) based on converters with pulse-width modulation (PWM).

A device is known [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2134476, H 02 J 7/10, 1999] for accelerated charging of a battery with an asymmetric current, comprising a control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm, including a control unit that is a single-chip microprocessor (OMP), an indication unit, a task unit charge algorithm, a charge mode setting unit, a synchronization unit, consisting of operating and initial synchronization units, the inputs of which are combined, and the outputs are connected to a control unit, a power supply unit connected by an output to the unit input with synchronization, and the input with the output of the unit for setting the charge mode, the voltage sensor unit, the input of which is connected to the terminals for connecting the battery, and the output is connected to the input of the control unit, and the power section control circuit, including the filter unit, charging and discharge capacitor units, two counter-parallel connected blocks of controlled rectifiers, amplifier blocks, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the blocks of controlled rectifiers, and the inputs to the corresponding outputs of the control block. The control unit generates signals in accordance with the charge algorithm and synchronization from the network to control counter-parallel connected controlled rectifiers. As a load, a battery is connected to the rectifiers. Some plates of current-limiting capacitors are connected to the supply network, while others are connected to controlled rectifiers. The current limitation in the charging and discharge periods of operation allows you to control the rectifiers without phase control.

The disadvantages of the known device is a fixed charge mode, which corresponds to certain types of batteries, and the difficulty of changing it, which limits the functionality of the device.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a device [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2216087, N 02 J 7/10, 2003] for automatic accelerated charging of batteries with an asymmetric current, comprising a power section control circuit including two filter units, two amplifier units, an adjustable unit a charging current source, an adjustable discharge current source unit, two diodes, an AB connection unit, and a control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm, including a control unit, a charge algorithm task unit, a task unit charge mode, a power supply, a current sensor unit, the voltage sensor unit, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), an audio alarm unit, display unit and the PWM block.

The disadvantages of this device include a large number of inductive elements necessary for the implementation of a technical solution, poor use of structural solutions of modern power devices, and consequently, a large volume of the power part, as well as the impossibility of an accelerated battery charge with a rated voltage of more than 75% of the supply voltage, which limits the scope of this device.

The objective of the invention is to build a power circuit that allows you to use the same elements in the charge and discharge circuit, reduce the volume of the power part, and also create a device that allows you to quickly charge an asymmetric current in automatic mode batteries with a nominal voltage below the supply voltage exceeding the supply voltage , or with a varying supply voltage during the charge process.

This object is achieved in that in the known device for automatic accelerated charging of batteries with an asymmetric current, comprising a power section control circuit including a filter unit, two amplifier units, an adjustable charge current source unit, an adjustable discharge current source unit, a battery connection unit, and a control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm, including a control unit, a charge algorithm setting unit, a charge mode setting unit, a power supply, a current sensor unit, a unit a voltage sensor, an ADC unit, an audio signaling unit, an indication unit and a PWM unit, an additional amplifier unit is introduced, the input of which is connected to the output of the PWM unit of the control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm, an additional unit of an adjustable charging current source, one input of which is connected to the output of the input amplifier unit , the supply voltage is connected to the other input, and the output of the additional charging current unit is connected to the input of the filter unit, an additional filter unit connected to the battery connection unit x batteries on the one hand and a common connection point of the output of the unit of the regulated charging current source and the input of the unit of the adjustable discharge current source on the other.

Using an introduced adjustable source of charging current, which is a boost PWM converter controlled through a block of amplifiers with a single-chip microprocessor, together with an adjustable source of charging current allows you to maintain the required charging current regardless of changes in input voltage. Connecting the introduced filter unit to the common point of connection of the sources of charging and discharge currents, which are step-down and step-up PWM converters, respectively, allows you to use the inductive filter element to create a charging current and to create a discharge current, when using key elements with built-in opposite diodes, this circuitry solution allows you to build PWM converters with a minimum number of discrete elements.

The drawing shows a block diagram of a device.

The device includes a control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm (CPS) 1 and a power part control circuit (CMS) 2. Block 3, which is a single-chip microprocessor consisting of a control block 4, a charge algorithm task unit 5, a PWM block 6, an ADC block 7, unit 8 for setting the charge mode, connected to the indicating unit 9, the audible alarm unit 10, the battery connecting unit 11, the current sensor unit 12 and the voltage sensor unit 13. The inputs of the blocks 12 and 13 of the current sensor and the voltage sensor are respectively connected to the corresponding outputs of the battery connecting unit 11, the inputs of which are connected to the battery block 14, the outputs of the blocks 12 and 13 are connected to the inputs of the ADC block 7, the outputs of the PWM block 6 are connected to the corresponding inputs blocks 15 and 16 amplifiers and the introduced block 17 amplifiers, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of blocks 18, 19 and 20 of an adjustable source of charging current, an adjustable source of discharge current and an input of regulated source and charging current, respectively. The supply voltage is supplied to the input of the power supply unit 21 and the input of the input unit 20 of the adjustable charging current source, the output of which is connected to the input of the filter unit 22, the output of the filter unit 22 is connected to the output of the adjustable discharge current source unit 19 and the input of the adjustable charging current source unit 18, output which is connected to the input of the block 19 of the adjustable discharge current source and the additionally introduced filter block 23, the output of the additionally introduced filter block 23 is connected to the battery connection unit 11 Taray.

The device operates as follows. The supply voltage is supplied to the power supply unit 21, which generates constant stabilized voltages to power the unit 3 of a single-chip microprocessor, an indication unit 9, an audible alarm unit 10, a charge mode setting unit 8, a current sensor unit 12, a voltage sensor unit 13, amplifier units 15 and 16 and an input unit of 17 amplifiers. When the device is turned on, the signals from the output of unit 3 of the single-chip microprocessor lock the amplifier blocks, which prevents the opening of the power elements of the control circuit of power part 2, unit 3 of the single-chip microprocessor initiates a program recorded in block 5 of the task of the charging algorithm, which sets the output signals of the input / output ports to the initial state , controls the input signals of the input-output ports and the ADC. When the polling is completed normally, a signal with a duration of 500 ms and a frequency of 2 kHz is output to the sound alarm unit 10. If a forbidden combination occurs at the inputs of the OMP 3, it gives an alarm signal to the audible alarm unit 10 with a frequency of 1 kHz, a duration of 230 ms and a pause of 20 ms, and a signal with a frequency of 4 Hz and a duty cycle of 0.1 to the indication unit 9. After preliminary processing and installation of the corresponding signals, the unit 3 of the single-chip microprocessor goes into standby mode, periodically polling the outputs of the unit 8 for setting the charge mode and the unit 13 for the voltage sensor. When connecting the battery to the battery connecting unit 11, a switch corresponding to the type of the connected battery is switched, the signal from which goes to the charge mode setting unit 8 and from its output to the control unit 4. The battery voltage is supplied to the input of the voltage sensor block 13 and, from its output, to the ADC block 7. The control unit 4 analyzes the received signals and selects a charge algorithm corresponding to the battery type from the charge algorithm setting unit 5. The control unit 4 provides charge control signals to the PWM unit 6 and to the indication unit 9 a constant light signal. The signals from the PWM block 6, arriving at the amplifier blocks 15 and 16 and the input amplifier block 17 and then to the blocks 18, 19, and 20 of an adjustable charge current source, an adjustable discharge current source, and an input of a regulated charge current source, respectively, establish and maintain amplitudes and the duration of the charge and discharge pulses according to the selected charge algorithm. The introduction of an additional block of an adjustable source of charging current allows you to maintain the required amplitude of the charging pulse while increasing the voltage level of the battery during charging or lowering the input voltage level. The amplitudes of the charging and discharge currents are monitored using a signal from block 12 of the current sensor supplied to block 7 of the ADC. During the charge, in accordance with the algorithm, the battery voltage is monitored. At the end of the charging process, the control unit 4 stops supplying control signals to the PWM unit 6, at the outputs of which levels are installed that lock the blocks 18, 19 and 20 of the regulated charging current source, the adjustable discharge current source and the introduced regulated charging current source, respectively, the battery is disconnected from the charging and bit circuits, the control unit 4 gives signals about the normal completion of the charging process in the display unit 9 with a frequency of 2 Hz and a duty cycle of 0.5 and the sound signaling unit 10 with a frequency of 1 kHz, length with a duration of 250 ms and a pause of 250 ms. During the charge, the current parameters are monitored for compliance with the selected charge mode. If the currents do not correspond to the parameters of the mode, the charge stops and emergency sound alarms and indicators turn on, which indicates a battery malfunction.

The charge circuit consists of an additionally introduced unit 20 of an adjustable source of charging current controlled through an additionally introduced unit of 17 amplifiers from unit 3 of a single-chip microprocessor, which serves to increase the input voltage, if necessary to maintain the level of the charging current in accordance with the charge mode, unit 22 of the filters, which protects the supply voltage from low-frequency and high-frequency interference arising from switching in block 18 of an adjustable charging current source, as well as a function charge accumulation on the capacitance during the discharge of a current pulse, block 18 of an adjustable charge current source controlled through block 15 of amplifiers from block 3 of a single-chip microprocessor that serves to maintain the charge current level in accordance with the charge mode with a sufficient input voltage introduced additionally by the filter block 23 , the inductor of which is an inductive element of a step-down PWM converter of an adjustable charging current source, a battery connecting unit 11.

The discharge circuit consists of a battery connecting unit 11, an additional filter unit 23 introduced, the inductor of which is an inductive element of a boosted PWM converter of an adjustable discharge current source, block 19 of an adjustable discharge current source controlled through an amplifier block 16 from a unit 3 of a single-chip microprocessor, which is set and the required level of discharge current is maintained, the energy of the pulse of the discharge current is converted into the capacitor charge of the filter unit 22 and used to create a charging current. Such a construction of the power unit allows, with minimal losses, to return the energy of the discharge pulse to the battery.

The introduction into SISCH 2 of block 20 of an adjustable charging current source and block of 17 amplifiers made it possible to charge batteries with a voltage exceeding the supply voltage, and thus expand the functionality of the device by introducing block 23 of the filters and connecting it to a common connection point between the charging and discharge sources currents, which are step-down and step-up PWM converters, respectively, allows you to use the inductive filter element to create a charging current, and to create a discharge bottom of current. When using key elements with built-in opposite diodes, this circuitry solution allows you to create PWM converters with a minimum number of discrete elements, as well as use modules of two keys with built-in opposite diodes, one key and a diode of the second key are used in the unit of an adjustable charging current source, and the other the key and the diode of the first key are used in the block of an adjustable discharge current source, which makes the power part even more compact.

Claims (1)

A device for automatic accelerated charging of batteries with an asymmetric current, comprising a power unit control circuit including a filter unit, an adjustable charging current source unit connected to a filter unit, an adjustable discharge current source unit connected to a connection point of the filter unit and an adjustable charging current source unit, amplifier units connected to an adjustable charge current source unit and an adjustable discharge current source unit, respectively, battery, the inputs of which have terminals for connecting batteries, and a control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm, including a control unit connected to a charge algorithm task unit, a charge mode task unit, an indication unit, an audible alarm unit, a PWM unit, an ADC unit, a unit the charge mode setting is connected to the battery connection unit, the PWM unit is connected to the amplifier units of the power unit control circuit, the current sensor unit connected to the battery connection unit tare and ADC unit, a voltage sensor unit connected to a battery connection unit and an ADC unit, a power unit connected to a supply voltage, characterized in that an additional amplifier unit is introduced into the power part control circuit, the input of which is connected to the output of the PWM control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm, an additional block of an adjustable charging current source, one input of which is connected to the output of the entered amplifier block, a supply voltage is connected to the other input, and the output is additional the first charging current block connected to the input of the filter unit, the additional filter unit connected to the connecting unit batteries on the one hand and the common point of the charging current regulated power block input output connection and controlled discharge current source unit to another.