RU2327268C1 - Automatic charging-discharging station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: station is intended for automatic charging and aging the storage batteries (SB) and is built around high-frequency converters with galvanic isolation. The said station features higher functional performances and has its charging section connected in a bridge or a semi-bridge circuit with a high-frequency transformer, while the discharging section is built around a step-up PWM-converter with recuperation of power into a capacitor element. The station is supplied from a one- or three-phase variable voltage circuit or a constant voltage circuit. An operator presets the station operating conditions, i.e. charging the SB, discharging or aging it to a required capacity, changing the SB type, charging current type, selecting the charging current, discharging current, charging time in SV ageing, final capacity of SB in ageing. The data on these operations is displayed on LCD indicator.

EFFECT: extended performances of the device.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to devices for charging and discharging batteries (AB) based on high-frequency converters with galvanic isolation.

Known charge-discharge device [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2165669, H02J 7/10, 2001] containing the first and second filter capacitors, the first and second transistors and diodes, the drain and cathode of the first of which are connected to the first output of the first filter capacitor, their source and the anode are connected to the first output of the inductor and the drain and cathode of the second transistor and diode, the source and anode of which are connected to the second terminals of the first and second filter capacitors and the common circuit wire, while the source of the additional transistor and the cathode of the additional diode is connected to the second terminal of the inductor, the drain of the additional transistor is connected to the first terminal of the second filter capacitor, and the anode of the additional diode is connected to the common wire of the circuit, and the terminals of the first filter capacitor are used to connect the battery, and the terminals of the second filter capacitor are used to connect the source power and load. The device is intended, in particular, for conducting recovery cycles, including a deep element-wise discharge of AB on an individual active load. A disadvantage of the known device is the ability to work only from a constant voltage source, as well as the lack of galvanic isolation of the battery from the mains.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a device [Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2299638, Н02J 7/10, 2003] for accelerated charging of a battery with an asymmetric current, comprising a power section control circuit including a filter unit, three amplifier units, an battery unit, and a circuit control according to a predetermined algorithm, including a control unit connected to a charge algorithm task unit, a charge mode task unit and an indication unit, a voltage sensor unit, a power supply unit connected to pi terminals melting voltage ~ 220 V.

This device is capable of carrying out a continuous discharge of batteries, however, the values of the charging and discharge currents are determined by the capacitance of the capacitors included in the corresponding circuits, which excludes the possibility of changing the charging or discharge current for various types of batteries. To charge batteries with a large nominal capacity and voltage, for example, electric locomotives AB 42NK-125, the use of capacitors of very large overall dimensions and weight will be required, which makes the use of this device practically impossible. Other disadvantages of this device are the lack of stabilization of the charging or discharge current during mains voltage fluctuations and the absence of galvanic isolation of the battery from the mains.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an automatic charge-discharge station for automatically charging, discharging and training AB various nominal capacities and voltages with stabilized asymmetric or direct currents, reducing the size of the station, powered by a single or three-phase AC voltage network or from a DC voltage network with galvanic isolation of the battery from the mains.

The problem is achieved in that in the known device for accelerated charging of the battery with an asymmetric current, comprising a power section control circuit including a filter unit connected to power supply terminals, three amplifier units, a battery unit, and a control circuit according to a predetermined algorithm including a unit control unit connected to a charge algorithm task unit, a charge mode task unit and an indication unit, a voltage sensor unit, a power unit connected to power supply terminals voltages, a rectifier unit connected to the filter unit, a line filter unit connected to the line rectifier unit, an adjustable charge current source unit connected to the line filter unit and the first amplifier unit, a high-frequency rectifier unit connected to the unit are introduced into the power circuit control circuit adjustable source of charging current, a filter unit connected to a high-frequency rectifier unit, a key unit connected to a second amplifier unit and to a filter unit, a capacitor discharge unit, connected to the connection point of the filter unit and the key unit, the load unit connected to the capacitor discharge unit, an adjustable discharge current source unit connected to the key unit, the third amplifier unit and the connection point of the key unit, capacitor discharge unit and filter unit, inductor unit connected to the connection point of the key block and the block of the adjustable discharge current source, the battery connection block connected to the inductor block, the voltage sensor block and the AB block, and the circuit is controlled According to the specified algorithm, a current sensor block connected to a battery connection block, an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) block connected to a current sensor block, a voltage sensor block, and a control unit, a pulse width modulation (PWM) block connected to the block are introduced control and with three amplifier blocks, an audible alarm unit connected to the control unit, and a control panel unit connected to the charge mode setting unit, the PWM unit, the charge algorithm setting unit, the ADC unit, the p setting unit and a charge control unit included in the bench press unit one-chip microprocessor (WMD).

The introduced rectifier unit and line filter unit allow the station to be powered from a single or three phase AC voltage network or from a DC voltage network. The introduced unit of an adjustable charging current source, a high-frequency rectifier unit, a filter unit, and a PWM unit operating at a high frequency make it possible to reduce the size of the station and carry out galvanic isolation of the battery from the mains. The introduced key block, inductor block, block of an adjustable discharge current source, capacitor discharge block, and load block are designed to carry out an AB discharge. The entered control panel unit allows you to select the operating mode of the station - automatic charge, automatic discharge or automatic training of the battery, selection of the battery type, type of charging current, setting the charge current, discharge current, charge time during training AB, the final battery capacity during training. The introduced rechargeable battery connection block and the ADC block provide feedback to stabilize the charge and discharge current. The introduced sound alarm unit is designed for acoustic notification of the end of the charge, discharge or training process.

The drawing shows a block diagram of a device.

The device includes a control system according to a predetermined algorithm (CPSA) 1 and a control system for the power unit (CMS) 2. Block 3 of the OMP consists of a control unit 4, a charge algorithm task unit 5, a PWM unit 6, an ADC unit 7 and a charge mode setting unit 8 and connected to the display unit 9, the audible alarm unit 10, the control panel unit 11, the current sensor unit 12 and the voltage sensor unit 13. The inputs of the blocks 12 and 13 of the current sensor and the voltage sensor are respectively connected to the corresponding outputs of the battery connection unit 14, the inputs of which are connected to the battery unit 15 AB. The outputs of the PWM block 6 are connected to the inputs of the respective amplifier blocks 16, 17 and 18, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the block 19 of the adjustable charging current source, block 20 of the key and block 21 of the adjustable discharge current source, respectively. The supply voltage is supplied to the power supply unit 22 and to the filter unit 23. The output of the filter unit 23 is connected to the input of the network rectifier unit 24, the output of which is connected to the input of the network filter unit 25. The output of the line filter unit 25 is connected to the input of the unit 19 of the adjustable charging current source, the output of which is connected to the high-frequency rectifier unit 26. Block 27 of the filter is connected to block 26 of the high-frequency rectifier and to the connection point of block 20 of the key, block 21 of the adjustable discharge current source and block 28 of the discharge of capacitors. The load unit 29 is connected to the capacitor discharge unit 28. The inductor unit 30 is connected to the battery connecting unit 14 and to the connection point of the key unit 20 and the adjustable discharge current source unit 21.

The device operates as follows. The supply voltage is supplied to the power supply unit 22, which generates constant stabilized voltages for powering the audible alarm unit 10, indication unit 9, battery connection unit 14, current sensor unit 12, voltage sensor unit 13, amplifier units 16, 17 and 18, and unit 3 a single-chip microprocessor (OMP), consisting of a control unit 4, a charge algorithm task unit 5, a PWM unit 6, an ADC unit 7 and a charge mode setting unit 8. When the device is turned on, the signals from the output of block 3 of the OMP lock the units 16, 17 and 18 of the amplifiers in order to avoid opening the power elements of the control circuit of the power part 2. The commands received from the operator in block 3 of the OMP through the block 11 of the control panel set the operating mode of the station - battery charge , AB discharge or AB training before capacity is set, selection of AB type, type of charging current, setting of charge current, discharge current, charge time during AB training, final AB capacity during training with this information displayed in block 9 of the display, which is a liquid crystalline indicator (LCD). The sound alarm unit 10, which is an acoustic generator, notifies about the end of the process of charge, discharge or training. The input AC or DC voltage passing through the filter block 23, which serves to protect the network from high-frequency interference of the station, is converted in the block 24 of the network rectifier, which is a rectifier bridge, and block 25 of the network filter, which is an L-shaped LC filter, into a constant voltage. Block 19 of an adjustable source of charging current is assembled from power key elements according to a bridge or half-bridge circuit with a high-frequency transformer connected to it, performing galvanic isolation of the battery from the network. The high-frequency voltage on the secondary winding of the transformer is rectified in the block 26 of the high-frequency rectifier, which is a diode bridge or diode half bridge, and smoothed in the block 27 of the filter, which is an L-shaped LC filter.

To implement the automatic charge mode of the battery at the command of the operator from block 11 of the control panel, the power switch in the block 20 of the key is closed by a signal from block 3 of the OMP through the block 17 of the amplifiers, and the charging current begins to flow through the battery. The stabilization of the amplitude of the charging current is carried out using the signal from the block 12 of the current sensor supplied through block 7 of the ADC to the control unit 4. According to the results of comparing the received signal with a given value, the control unit 4 changes the time for supplying voltage to the primary transformer winding in the unit 19 of the regulated charging current source, sending the corresponding signal through the PWM unit 6 to the amplifier unit 16, thereby stabilizing the charge current. If an asymmetric charge current was selected from the control panel unit 11 at the operator’s command, the charge current pulses are alternated by discharge current pulses, for which, after a predetermined time interval, the signals from the power supply unit 3 arriving at amplifier units 16 and 17 close the power switches in unit 19 adjustable source of charging current and in block 20 of the key, stopping the flow of charging current through the battery. After a pause of a predetermined value, the signal from the block 3 of the OMP through the block 18 of the amplifiers enters the block 21 of an adjustable source of discharge current, forming a discharge current. The discharge energy of the battery is accumulated on the capacitive element of the filter unit 27. The stabilization of the amplitude of the discharge current is carried out using a signal from block 12 of the current sensor supplied through block 7 of the ADC to block 4 of the control. According to the results of comparing the received signal with a given value, the control unit 4 changes the opening time of the power element in the block 21 of the adjustable discharge current source, sending the corresponding signal through the PWM block 6 to the amplifier block 18. After a predetermined time interval, the signal from the block 3 of the OMP arriving at block 18 of the amplifiers closes the power switch in block 21 of the adjustable discharge current source, stopping the flow of discharge current through the battery. After a pause of the set value, the charging current is switched on again, forming a new period of asymmetric current. During a given time interval, the signal from the block 3 of the OMP through the block 17 of the amplifiers enters the block 20 of the key for a smooth discharge of the excess voltage of the capacitive element of the block 27 of the filter. The inductor unit 30 serves to smooth out ripples of the charging and discharge current.

The battery voltage is monitored by a signal from the battery connecting unit 14 to the voltage sensor unit 13 and from its output to the ADC unit 7. Information on the progress of the charge is displayed on the LCD of indication unit 9 — the selected type of battery, type of charge current, charge current, current charge time, battery voltage. The end of the charge is determined by the criteria specific to the selected type of battery. When determining the end of the charge or at the command of the operator from block 11 of the control panel, the signals from block 3 of the WMD coming into blocks 16, 17 and 18 of the amplifiers close the power keys in block 19 of the regulated charging current source, in block 20 of the key and block 21 of the regulated discharge source current, stopping the flow of charging current through the battery. Information on the forced interruption of the charge or on the end of the charge with the inclusion in the block 10 of an audible alarm sound notification about the end of the charging process is displayed on the LCD of the display unit 9.

To implement the automatic battery discharge mode at the command of the operator from block 11 of the control panel, the signal from block 3 of the OMP through block 18 of amplifiers enters block 21 of an adjustable source of discharge current, forming a discharge current. The discharge energy of the battery is accumulated on the capacitive element of the filter unit 27. When the voltage at the capacitive element of the filter unit 27 reaches the threshold of the key element of the capacitor discharge unit 28, the key will open and excess energy will begin to be converted into heat on the resistive element of the load unit 29, the voltage will decrease and upon reaching the lower limit of the hysteresis of the threshold element, the key element will close and the voltage will close on the capacitive element starts to rise again to the threshold of operation of the key element of the block 28 of the capacitor discharge, thereby protecting the capacitive ele Ment block 27 of the filter from failure due to overvoltage. The stabilization of the amplitude of the discharge current is carried out using a signal from block 12 of the current sensor supplied through block 7 of the ADC to block 4 of the control. According to the results of comparing the received signal with a given value, the control unit 4 changes the opening time of the power element in the block 21 of the adjustable discharge current source, sending the corresponding signal through the PWM block 6 to the amplifier block 18. The inductor unit 30 serves to smooth out the pulsations of the discharge current.

The battery voltage is monitored by a signal from the battery connecting unit 14 to the voltage sensor unit 13 and from its output to the ADC unit 7. Information on the progress of the discharge is displayed on the LCD of the display unit 9 — selected AB type, discharge current value, current discharge time, and AB voltage. The end of the discharge is determined by the voltage level characteristic of the selected type of battery. When determining the end of the discharge, or at the command of the operator from block 11 of the control panel, the signals from block 3 of the OMP entering the block 18 of amplifiers closes the power switch in block 21 of the adjustable discharge current source, stopping the flow of discharge current through the battery. Information on the forced interruption of the discharge or on the end of the discharge is displayed on the LCD of the display unit 9, and an audible warning about the end of the discharge process is turned on in the sound signaling unit 10.

To implement the automatic training regime of AB at the command of the operator from block 11 of the control panel, the unit 3 of the WMD carries out the above charge of the battery during the charge time specified by the operator through block 11 of the control panel. After the end of the charge, a pause is maintained for a predetermined period of time for the battery to drain, after which the above-described discharge of AB automatically turns on. After the end of the discharge, a pause is maintained for a predetermined time interval for AB maintenance, unit 3 of the WMD compares the discharge capacity of the AB with the capacity set before the automatic training mode was started by the operator on command from block 11 of the control panel. If the discharge capacity is less than the set, the above charge-discharge cycle is automatically activated. If the discharge capacity is greater than the set, the above-described battery charge is automatically turned on for a predetermined time, after which information on the end of the workout is displayed on the LCD of the display unit 9, and an audible warning on the end of the workout is turned on in the sound signaling unit 10. The process of automatic training can be forcibly interrupted at the command of the operator from block 11 of the control panel. During an automatic training session, the LCD displays information on the progress of the training — the selected type of battery, type of charging current, current charge or discharge time, battery voltage, preset battery capacity, current battery capacity when discharged.

The charge circuit consists of a block 23 of filters that serves to protect the network from high-frequency interference, block 24 of a network rectifier, which is a rectifier bridge, block 25 of a network filter, which is an L-shaped LC filter, block 19 of an adjustable charge current source controlled through the block 16 amplifiers from block 3 of the power supply module and assembled from power key elements according to a bridge or half-bridge circuit with a high-frequency transformer connected to it, performing galvanic isolation of the battery from the network, block 26 of the high-frequency about the rectifier, which is a diode bridge or diode half-bridge, of the filter unit 27, which is an L-shaped LC filter, of the key unit 20, which is controlled through the amplifier unit 19 from the power supply unit 3 and serves to smoothly discharge the excess voltage of the capacitive element of the filter unit 27 after the discharge pulse of the asymmetric current, the block 30 of the inductor, which serves to smooth the ripples of the charging current, block 14 connecting the batteries and block 15 AB.

The discharge circuit consists of a block 15 AB, a block 14 for connecting batteries, an inductor block 30, the inductor of which is an inductive element of a boost PWM converter of an adjustable discharge current source, block 21 of an adjustable discharge current source, controlled through block 18 of amplifiers from block 3 of OMP the required level of the discharge current is set and maintained, the energy of the discharge current pulse is converted into the charge of the capacitor of the filter unit 27 and is used to create the charging current, the discharge unit 28 condensers, Block protects capacitive element filter 27 from failure at the discharge and loading unit 29.

Introduction to the power supply control system of the network rectifier unit, the network filter unit, the adjustable charging current source unit, the high-frequency rectifier unit, the filter unit, the key unit, the inductor unit, the adjustable discharge current source unit, the capacitor discharge unit, the load unit, and the control system by the given algorithm of the control panel unit, the battery connection unit, the ADC unit and the sound alarm unit allow you to create an automatic charge-discharge station for maintenance in the automatic mode of charging, discharging or training the battery of various nominal capacities and voltages with stabilized asymmetric or direct current, reduce the size of the station, powered by a single or three-phase AC voltage network or from a DC network with galvanic isolation of the battery from the mains.

Claims (1)

An automatic charge-discharge station containing a power unit control circuit including a filter unit connected to the supply voltage terminals, three amplifier units, a battery pack, and a control algorithm according to a predetermined algorithm, including a control unit connected to a charge algorithm task unit, a task unit charge mode and an indication unit, a voltage sensor unit, a power supply connected to the terminals of the supply voltage, characterized in that a rectifier unit is introduced into the power part control circuit, connected to the filter unit, a network filter unit connected to a power rectifier unit, an adjustable charge current source unit connected to a power supply unit and a first amplifier unit, a high-frequency rectifier unit connected to an adjustable charge current source unit, a filter unit connected to the unit a high-frequency rectifier, a key block connected to the second amplifier block and to a filter block, a capacitor discharge block connected to a connection point of the filter block and the key block, the load block switch connected to a capacitor discharge unit, an adjustable discharge current source unit connected to a key unit, to a third amplifier unit and to a connection point of a key unit, a capacitor discharge unit and a filter unit, an inductor unit connected to a connection point of a key unit and an adjustable source unit discharge current, a battery connection unit connected to an inductor unit, a voltage sensor unit and an AB unit, and a current sensor unit connected to a battery connection window, an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) unit connected to a current sensor unit, a voltage sensor unit and a control unit, a pulse width modulation (PWM) unit connected to a control unit and with three amplifier units, an audible alarm unit, connected to the control unit and the control panel unit connected to the charge mode setting unit.