RU2265794C2 - Method for sloping of configured benches - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining art, applicable for mining by open method in rocky and semirocky rocks at placing of high benches on planned contour.

SUBSTANCE: the method consists in collaring of inclined holes from the upper bench to be height of a doubled bench, for production of a cut-off slot at formation of the upper inclined part of the bench and contour vertical holes from the intermediate bench to the same depth for formation of the lower vertical part of the bench, loading and blasting. The novelty in the method is in the fact that the drilling of holes of the contour row from the intermediate bench is performed in three stages: initially in the first stage drilled is the part, of inclined holes from the initial to the final point of the section of sloping with one direction of inclination, in the second stage drilled are the inclined holes of the contour row having the same inclination and the same distance between the holes as in the first stage, but in the contrary direction, in the third stage between the mentioned inclined contour holes drilled are vertical contour holes, the inclined holes of the contour row are loaded by a permanent charge from the face to the mouth of the holes, and in the vertical contour holes positioned between the inclined contour holes, the amount of the charge is changed successively from the face to the mouth, corresponding to the minimum distance between the inclined and vertical contour holes at the bottom of the lower bench is the minimum charge in the vertical contour hole, which in proportion with removal from the bottom of the lower bench successively increases, reaching its maximum value at the bottom of the intermediate bench, at the maximum distance between the inclined and vertical contour holes at the bottom of the lower bench the value of the charge in the vertical contour hole from the face to the mouth is changed in the reverse order.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of sloping.

7 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used to develop minerals in an open way in rocky and semi-rocky rocks when setting high ledges on the design contour.

Known methods for ejecting ledges during the completion of mineral deposits to the design contour. The contour row wells are charged with garlands of dispersed charges. In this case, a fracture zone forms around the charge, the magnitude of which during contour blasting should be of minimum size. To do this, in practice, create a radial gap between the explosive cartridge and the walls of the wells (Kutuzov V.V. Destruction of rocks by explosion. - M.: Moscow State University, 1994. - P.174-177).

A disadvantage of the known methods is the low efficiency of ejection of high ledges (45-60 m). This is due to the fact that with increasing depth, the drilling accuracy decreases, the possibility of bending the well arises, and as a result, the quality of blasting in the lower part of the ledge slope is poor.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of setting a built-in ledge with an inclined vertical profile to the extreme position. The method includes drilling contour deviated wells from the upper ledge to the height of the double ledge to form a cutting gap when forming the upper inclined part of the ledge, followed by drilling contour vertical wells from the intermediate ledge to the same depth to form the lower vertical part of the ledge slope (E. Galustyan, L. Geomechanical support of opencast mining - a guarantee of their safety and profitability // Labor safety in industry. - 2001. - No. 7. - P.37).

The method is not effective enough. To set the vertical part of the escarpment of the ledge, vertical contour wells are drilled from the intermediate escarpment at a distance of 3-4 meters from the lower edge of the escarpment of the upper escarpment. This increases the volume of drilling and the consumption of explosive materials (VM) for ejection. For example, for ejection of a 100-meter-long section when setting a ledge of an inclined vertical profile 45 meters high, the drilling volume will be 973 linear meters, and the BM consumption will be 3300 m (data in the table). In addition, the dispersed distribution of charges along the height of vertical wells in the lower part of the ledge, where the most difficult conditions for the explosion, leads to the formation of thresholds and protrusions on the vertical part of the slope of the lower ledge.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of offsets. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of ejecting the ledges of a complex profile, including drilling contour deviated wells from the upper ledge to the height of the double ledge, to form a cutting gap when forming the upper inclined part of the ledge and vertical contour wells from the intermediate ledge to the same depth to form the lower the vertical part of the ledge, loading and blasting, drilling the contour row wells from the intermediate ledge is carried out in three stages: initially, at the first stage, a part of the inclined wells from the start to the end point of the offshoot section with one direction of inclination, at the second stage, deviate wells of the contour row having the same inclination and the same distance between the wells as in the first stage, but in the opposite direction, in the third stage between the aforementioned vertical contour wells are drilled with deviated contour wells, the deviated wells of the contour row are charged with a constant charge from the bottom to the wellhead, and in vertical contour wells located between deviated contour wells wells, change the amount of charge sequentially from the bottom to the mouth, while the minimum distance between the inclined and vertical contour wells at the bottom of the lower ledge corresponds to the minimum charge in the vertical contour well, which gradually increases with distance from the bottom of the bottom ledge, reaching its maximum value at the bottom of the intermediate ledge, with a maximum distance between the deviated and vertical contour wells at the bottom of the lower ledge, a change in value aryada vertical contour borehole from the bottom to the mouth in the reverse order.

Drilling of contour row wells from an intermediate step in three stages can significantly reduce the volume of drilling operations (up to 30-50%) and increase the efficiency of drilling and blasting operations when setting ledges of a complex profile. Data on a comparative analysis of the known and proposed methods are shown in the table.

Charge the deviated wells of the contour row with a constant charge from the bottom to the wellhead and change the magnitude of the charge in the vertical contour wells so that the minimum distance between the deviated and vertical contour wells at the bottom of the lower ledge corresponds to the minimum charge in the vertical contour well, which, as you move away from the bottom of the bottom ledge is gradually increasing, reaching its maximum value at the bottom of the intermediate ledge, and at the maximum distance between by casing and vertical contour wells, changing the charge in a vertical contour well from the bottom to the wellhead in the reverse order allows increasing the charge concentration by 10% in the lower vertical part of the ledge slope. Changing the magnitude of the daisy chain charge of vertical wells depending on the distance to neighboring deviated wells makes it possible to control the concentration of explosive energy during the formation of a cutting gap in the lower most difficult to destroy part of the ledge. This will allow you to achieve the required quality of offsets of ledges. In this case, the total work of the charges embedded in these wells acts as a flat charge, generating a plane stress wave in the rock, which, propagating in the array, attenuates inversely with the distance, and not the square of the distance (as with a single charge) (Chernigovsky A.A. // The use of a directed explosion in mining and construction. - M .: Nedra, 1976. - P.319).

The method is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 - the proposed scheme zotkoski ledge complex profile, plan;

figure 2 is a section along aa of figure 1;

figure 3 is a section along BB of figure 1;

figure 4 - the direction of movement of the drilling rig when drilling deviated wells of the contour row, the first stage of figure 2 is a section along aa;

figure 5 - the direction of movement of the drilling rig when drilling deviated wells of the contour row, the second stage of figure 2 is a section along aa;

Fig.6 is the direction of movement of the drilling rig when drilling vertical wells of a contour row, the third stage of Fig.2 is a section along aa;

7 is a diagram of the placement of charges in contour wells.

The method is as follows.

To eject the ledge of a complex profile with a total height of 45 m, initially from the upper ledge with the help of a drilling rig (for example, SBSh-250), contour deviated wells 1 are drilled at an angle of 75 °, a length of 29.5 m, the distance between adjacent offshoot deviated wells is not more than 2 , 5-3 m. Contour deviated wells drilled to the height of a double ledge are designed to form a cutting gap during the formation of the upper inclined part of the ledge. Charging and blasting of oblique deviated contour wells is carried out in the traditional way using garland charges, which are formed by bundles of cartridge explosives (ammonite No. 6 ZhV) or TNT blocks. The initiation of explosions occurs from the ED along the detonating cord connecting the ligaments of the patronized explosives (or TNT checkers) into a common daisy chain charge.

After excavation of the rock mass and mopping up of the sole of the upper ledge, at a distance of four meters from the lower edge of the ledge, counter-directional inclined wells of the contour row are drilled, having the same inclination of 80 ° to a depth equal to the double height of the ledge, i.e. length of 29.5 m. Calculation of the parameters of the blasting zone is carried out depending on the physical and mechanical properties of the rocks and the height of the ledge. With the length of the slope section equal to 100 m, from the intermediate step it is necessary to drill 11 deviated wells (6 in one direction, 5 in the other) and 10 vertical wells located in the middle between the deviated wells.

At the second stage, the machine is deployed at the end point and, in the reverse direction, boring deviated wells of the contour row are drilled, having the same inclination and at the same distance from the start to end point of the ebull site, but in the opposite (oncoming) direction. At the third stage, the drilling rig is deployed again, and the mast is mounted vertically for drilling contour vertical wells between deviated wells.

The charging of deviated wells 3 of the contour row is constant in magnitude from the bottom to the wellhead with a charge of 4. The mass of daisy-chain wells of deviated contour wells 3 is within 20 kg. Bundles of laminated ammonite or TNT blocks (for flooded wells) are distributed evenly along the length of the charge.

The charging of vertical contour wells 2 is carried out by a variable charge 5, and the charge is changed sequentially from the bottom to the mouth: the minimum distance between the inclined and vertical contour wells at the bottom of the lower ledge corresponds to the minimum charge in the vertical contour well, which gradually increases with distance from the bottom of the lower ledge , reaching its maximum value at the bottom of the intermediate ledge; at the maximum distance between the deviated and vertical contour wells at the bottom of the lower ledge, the charge in the vertical contour well from the bottom to the mouth changes in the opposite order. For the proposed technological scheme, the charge of a vertical contour well is conventionally divided into 3 parts: lower, middle and upper 5 meters each (counting is from the bottom of the well). With a minimum distance between vertical and deviated wells (about 1.5 m between the bottom of the wells), the charge of the lower part of the vertical contour well is minimal - the mass of the lower part of the daisy chain charge will be 6.25 kg (with a specific explosive flow rate of 1.25 kg / linear meter). m). The size of the middle part of the daisy chain charge of a vertical contour well will be 12.5 kg (with a specific explosive consumption of 2.5 kg / linear m). For the upper part of the daisy chain charge, which corresponds to the maximum distance to neighboring deviated wells, the explosive charge will be 18.75 kg (with a specific consumption of 3.75 kg / linear m). At the maximum distance between vertical and deviated wells (7.6 m at the bottom of the intermediate ledge), it corresponds to the maximum part of the daisy chain charge formed in the middle part of the well. Thus, the total daisy chain charge of a vertical contour borehole will be about 37.5 kg (with an average specific explosive consumption of 2.5 kg / linear m). The technology of loading vertical contour wells is repeated throughout the row. Blasting is done without slowing down (instantly).

To prove the technical nature and advantages of the present invention, a comparison is made of the main parameters of the known method for ebullating a ledge of a complex profile with the proposed method. The initial data and calculation results are summarized in a table.

Table
Comparative analysis of the main parameters of the known and proposed methods No. p / p Options Existing technology The proposed technology with inclined contour wells at an angle 75 ° 80 ° 1 The length of the outskirts 100 100 100 2 Number of contour wells per ejection length pcs / 100 m
- vertical
- inclined
33
33
-
17
8
9
21
10
eleven 3 Length of contour wells, m 29.5 29.5 29.5 4 Drilling volume, m 973.5 501.5 619.5 5 Reduction in drilling volumes, linear meters (%) 472 (48.5) 354 (36) 6 LH consumption per well (three LH strings), m 100 100 100 7 The total consumption of the LH on the site zotkoski, m 3300 1700 2100 8 Reduced LH consumption. m (%) - 1600 (48.5) 1200 (36) nine Reducing the consumption of intermediate detonators, pcs. (%) - 16 (48.5) 12 (36)

Claims (1)

The method of ejection of ledges of complex profile, including drilling contour deviated wells from the upper ledge to the height of the double ledge to form a cutting gap when forming the upper inclined part of the ledge, and contour vertical wells from the intermediate ledge to the same depth to form the lower vertical part of the ledge, loading and blasting , characterized in that the contour row wells are drilled from an intermediate step in three stages: initially, at the first stage, part of the deviated wells are drilled from the initial to the end point of the offshoot section with one direction of inclination, at the second stage, deviate wells of the contour row having the same inclination and the same distance between the wells as at the first stage, but in the opposite direction, at the third stage between the mentioned inclined contour wells they drill vertical contour wells, charge the deviated wells of the contour row constant from the bottom to the wellhead by the magnitude of the charge, and in vertical contour wells located between the deviated contour wells, measure charge value is sequentially from the bottom to the mouth, while the minimum distance between the deviated and vertical contour wells at the bottom of the lower ledge corresponds to the minimum charge in the vertical contour well, which gradually increases with distance from the bottom of the bottom ledge, reaching its maximum value at the bottom of the intermediate ledge , at the maximum distance between the inclined and vertical contour wells at the bottom of the lower ledge, the change in the magnitude of the charge in the vertical th contour borehole from the bottom to the mouth produce in the reverse order.

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