RU2264372C2 - Vermicomposting device for a complete purification plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for processing of sediments of household and similar industrial waste waters.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the devices for processing of sediments of household and similar industrial waste waters into a compost by means of a vermiculture and may be used in the municipal services of the camp-type settlements, villages, recreation centers, in individual houses at the cottage-type building-up on the territories without sewerage systems. The vermicomposting device for a complete purification plant is made in the form of a bed on supports used for growing of the vermiculture, equipped with a system of tools for watering of the vermicompost, shelter from action of direct sun rays in summertime and a preheating in winter, feeding in of composted wastes and a removal of a ready compost. The bed is made in the form of an inverse truncated pyramid with the open upper base, with an opening hatch in the lower base and holes in a side surface of one of lateral planes of the pyramid in the form of a horizontal row and spaced with a step of no more than 20 mm and with a diameter of no less than 10 mm used for insert to the full depth in a horizontal plane of a row of spokes cutting the upper part of the compost from the lower part, discharged from the device at opening the hatch in the lower base. The technical result is simplification of vermicomposting device servicing and creation of conditions for intensification of process of the organomineral raw processing into vermicompost.

EFFECT: the invention ensures simplification of vermicomposting device servicing and creation of conditions for intensification of process of the organomineral raw processing into vermicompost.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for the processing of sewage from household and industrial wastewater close to them into compost using vermiculture and can be used in communal services of shift camps, villages, recreation centers, in individual housing during cottage construction on non-canalized territory.

It is known to use the method of vermicomposting dehydrated sewage sludge in ridges in open areas [1]. This method of processing sewage sludge and the design of the device for its implementation with sufficiently high efficiency and simplicity are associated with significant manual labor for tedding ridges for ventilation of the lower sediment layers and has a long processing process due to non-optimal conditions for the life of vermiculture. The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the device of vermicomposters in the form of boxes [2], boxes with dimensions 1 × 2 m in plan and depth up to 1 m, in which a fresh substrate is laid on top with a layer of 2 ... 5 cm.

The main part of the process of vermicomposting of the substrate occurs in the upper layer during natural aeration. Compostable sediment is readily available for humidification. After the bed is filled with sediment to the entire depth, the compost is removed, separated from the worms and stored for later use as fertilizer, and the worms are laid in an empty bed for the new process of processing sediments into vermicompost.

The disadvantage of the known design is that to fill the bed with sediment, it is necessary to completely empty it and sort out the entire volume of processed sediment at a time, and not as it ripens. Loading, humidification, unloading and removal of compost to the warehouse cannot be mechanized and automated, require human participation. The human factor always affects the intensity of the vermicomposting process of sewage sludge.

The objective of the invention is to simplify the maintenance of the vermicompost and the creation of conditions for intensifying the process of processing organomineral raw materials into vermicompost.

The problem is solved by the implementation of the bed of the vermicomposter in the form of a reverse truncated pyramid, in which the side faces are made of wooden beams covered with perforated sheet plastic with an angle of inclination of the faces to the horizon of at least 60 °.

In the lower part of the pyramid there is an unloading window closed by a shutter, in one of the side faces in the horizontal direction to the width of the face holes are drilled with a diameter of at least 10 mm with a pitch of no more than 20 mm for inserting spokes with a diameter of 10 mm to a depth until the opposite side of the pyramid is horizontal the plane.

The drawing shows the inventive vermicomposter, comprising a support frame 1 of a metal corner or channel with a hopper 2 in the form of a truncated inverse pyramid, the side faces of which are sewn with plastic 3 along the bars 4 of wood. Plastic 3 is perforated in increments of not more than 50 mm with holes with a diameter of 5 mm for ventilation of the composted mixture. In one of the lateral faces in the horizontal direction above the discharge nozzle 5, closed at the bottom by a shutter 6 through grooves 7, holes 8 are drilled with a pitch of 20 mm, a diameter of 11 mm, into which, before unloading the vermicompost, spokes 9 are inserted with a diameter of 10 mm and a length up to the opposite side of the pyramid . Vermicomposter is equipped with a shower net 10 for moistening the composted sludge with a conveyor 11 for feeding the initial sludge to the feed and a conveyor 12 for removing the finished compost.

The device operates as follows.

Using the conveyor 11 in the hopper 2 of the vermicomposter in the form of a reverse truncated pyramid installed in the supporting frame 1, the initial sediment is loaded, which must be processed by vermiculture. Pre-bunker 2 is filled with ready-made compost and the design number of worms (at least 5000 pieces per 1 m ^{2 of the} surface of the bunker 2 in its upper base). With the weight of one worm from 1 to 5 g in the hopper 2, up to 25 kg / m ^{2 of the} upper base of the live weight of the worms should be at the start of the process. With a top base size of 2 × 1 m, in hopper 2 there should be about 50 kg of biomass of worms per 1 m ^{3 of} ready compost. The initial precipitate at a single load per day should give a layer of no more than 2.5 cm, i.e. no more than 50 liters of initial sediment should be loaded onto the presented fragment of a vermicomposter with an area of the upper base of 2 m ² .

The exclusion of the complete unloading of the bed reduces the loss of juvenile worms, allows you to maximize the processing of organomineral raw materials into vermicompost by keeping the maximum number of worms in the upper layer. The shape of the vermicomposter allows you to reduce the size of the unloading device for the finished compost and bring it closer to the size of the conveyor belt to remove compost from under the vermicomposters to the place of packing in the packaging material for export to the place of consumption. The upper working surface layer of the composted sludge is easily accessible for humidification and delivery of a fresh portion of the sludge using a conveyor with minimal manual labor, which certainly simplifies maintenance, i.e. allows you to achieve your goal.

The operation of the claimed design of the vermicompost can be easily automated and manual labor is generally excluded.

The angle of inclination of the faces to the horizon of at least 60 ° is due to the conditions of the sliding of the sediment from the faces after unloading a portion of sediment from the discharge pipe. The angle was found experimentally for the specific structure of the sediment, variable in height of the hopper, and also taking into account the coating material of the side faces and plastic.

Sources of information

1. Treatment and disposal of sewage sludge, In 2 volumes of T.2 “Utilization and disposal of sludge” / Per. from English A.A. Vinnitsa, Z.N. Makarenko. - M .: Stroyizdat, 1985. - S.65-100.

2. Vermiculture and its effectiveness. Gorodny N.M. and others (Sel. household; Obzor. inform. / UkrNIINTI. Ser. Agriculture, agrochemistry, agricultural, land reclamation) - K., - 1990. - 38 p.

Claims (2)

1. Vermicomposter for a complete treatment plant, made in the form of a bed, on supports for growing vermiculture, equipped with a system of devices for watering vermicompost, shelter from direct sunlight in the summer and heating in winter, making compostable waste and excavating the finished compost, characterized the fact that the bed is made in the form of a reverse truncated pyramid with an open upper base, with an opening hatch in the lower base, with holes in the side surface of one of the side planes iramides in the form of a horizontal row, made in increments of not more than 20 mm, with a diameter of not less than 10 mm, for insertion to the entire depth in the horizontal plane of a row of spokes that cut off the upper part of the compost from the lower one unloaded from the device when the hatch is opened in the lower base. 2. Vermicomposter according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral planes of the bed are made of wood or plastic with a slope of at least 60 ° to the horizon and are punched with holes of not more than 5 mm for ventilation of the compost with a pitch of not more than 50 mm.