RU2264075C2 - Roll-type press pick-up for bast-fiber cultures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering; harvesting bast-fiber cultures.

SUBSTANCE: proposed roll-type press pick-up has frame mounted on wheels with picking-up apparatus and baling chamber. Picking-up apparatus consists of two sections located at some distance relative to each other. Each section includes picking-up drum and conveyer for delivery of stems to baling chamber with unit for shifting the stems relative to plane of side wall of baling chamber. Each section of picking-up apparatus is articulated to frame for copying the soil. Device for shifting the stems is made in form of belt conveyer. Proposed roll-type press pick-up ensures regulated position of stems in roll and increased yield of long fiber at processing the stock.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the harvesting of bast crops, for example flax, for the formation and pressing of a roll from a roll formed by applying one tape of stems to another with the top parts of the knots facing out.

Known round baler for flax, comprising a picking mechanism and a bale chamber mounted on a frame supported by wheels [1]. When the machine is running, the picking mechanism picks up one tape of stalks of flax straw or trusts and sends it to the bale chamber. In the chamber, the roll is formed and pressed. After reaching the specified dimensions, the roll is tied with twine and thrown out of the bale chamber on the field.

The well-known round baler has the disadvantage that when it is working, there is a large extension of the stems in the roll. This is observed due to the fact that the width of the press chamber of the machine, as a rule, is significantly larger than the width of the flax tape and it does not change during operation. In order to fill the entire width of the pressing chamber with the stem mass, the pressing assembly is zigzag along the tape. Therefore, a shift of one layer of stems in a roll relative to another occurs. The increased stretching of the stems in the package leads to a decrease in the yield of the most valuable long fiber in the processing of flax. With this driving of the press assembly, the roll forms an ellipsoid shape along the tape. The latter leads to the subsidence of the binding twine roll and the destruction of the packages during transshipment and transportation. As a disadvantage, it can also be noted that when selecting one tape, the performance of the pressing unit is low.

Known roll baler of bast crops, consisting of a frame with a wheel, a pick-up, a press chamber and a flap mounted above the pick-up, characterized in that in order to increase the yield of high-quality fiber by improving the quality of roll formation, the flap on the side of the press chamber is equipped with a transverse movable the knocker is directed by the knocker, and a clamping element is installed above the baler in the zone of the knocker knocker, while the clamping element is made in the form of a spring-loaded ski and the knocker in the form of a rotary guard [2].

When using the well-known round baler [2], several drawbacks can be noted. The first of these is that the action of the picker will be characterized by low efficiency. This is explained, firstly, by the fact that before carrying out the process using hydraulic cylinders, a movable shield together with a pick-up, a clamping element and a wall of the bale chamber are installed in a certain position so that the width of the pick-up part and the bale chamber of the pick-up is equal to the length of the stems in the tape . However, it is obvious that when the picker moves along the ribbon of stems, inevitably there will be deviations of the pick-up working body from the ribbon. These deviations can reach 5 ... 10 and more centimeters, therefore, in almost half the cases, the stems will move away from the picker and the latter will either not strike at all, or strike with less intensity. The low efficiency of the pick-up will also be due to the fact that the direction of the speed of impact of the pick-up on the stems does not coincide with the direction of their length. For the same reason, the picker will impede the movement of the butt part of the stems and heap the stems.

The second drawback follows from the fact that the rolls formed by the known round baler will be in the form of a truncated cone. This will lead to the binding of the twine falling off the rolls and the destruction of the packages during transshipment and transportation. In addition to the indicated, when selecting one tape, the performance of the press unit is low.

Known roll baler of bast crops, containing a frame mounted on wheels, a picking drum and a device for feeding flax stems into the bale chamber, characterized in that in order to increase productivity and the quality of the finished rolls by obtaining them from two tapes stacked one on top of the other the top parts, the device for feeding the stalks of flax into the bale chamber is made in the form of two conveyors with guide rods, one of which is installed at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the bale chamber with the ability to move in the transverse direction, and the canvas of the other is rotated 180 degrees, while the picking drum is made of two parts mounted on the process shaft, and is equipped with a movement mechanism [3].

When using the well-known round baler of bast crops [3], the rolls are cylindrical in shape, so the binding twine does not fall from them. In addition, when selecting two belts at once, the productivity of the press unit increases. This is the positive difference of the specified well-known round baler bast crops.

A disadvantage of the known bast bale crop baler is that during operation, its bales obtained from a roll formed of two tapes by stacking the tops with the tops of the knots outward, are formed with great extension of the stems in them. This happens, firstly, due to the initial stretching of the stems in the ribbons, which appears when flaxing. Secondly, the extension of the stems increases during the tape wrapping operation. But the elongation of the stems in the roll increases for the reason that when the machine is working, two tapes are copied and selected at the same time, and after selection one of them is immediately wrapped. In our country, only single-threaded machines are used for flax harvesting. When the technological process is performed by these machines, the distance between adjacent spread out plant tapes does not remain stable. With this in mind, it becomes obvious that when the roll is formed in the known baler under consideration, a significant shift of the butt part of one tape relative to the butt part of the other, which is located in the adjacent layer of the roll.

In our country, the main part of the fields occupied by flax is located in the risky farming zone. In this zone, due to a lack or excess of moisture in the soil during the vegetation of plants in different years, flax grows not the same height. And even on one field in higher places due to lack of moisture, flax is often undersized, unlike its main part. This will lead to even more stretch of the package during the work of the analyzed round baler. The increased stretching of the stems in the package not only reduces the yield of long fiber during the processing of the trust, but also complicates the process of unwinding the roll at the flax mill and the separation of the tapes, since tapes having a large stretching of the stems, superimposed on top of each other with the apical parts, are intertwined.

Thus, in order to make it possible to use the method of basting stalks of bast crops, in which before it is carried out, the ribbons are doubled by overlapping the top parts with tops [4] and the yield of long fiber is increased during trust processing, it is necessary to improve the known bast baler cultures [3].

In the proposed roll baler of bast crops containing a frame mounted on wheels, a picking apparatus and a pressing chamber, the picking apparatus includes a picking drum and a device for feeding stems into a bale chamber made in the form of two conveyors, the picking apparatus consists of two located on minimum distance from one another of the sections, each of which includes a picking drum, a conveyor for feeding the stems into the pressing chamber parallel to its longitudinal axis, and the property for shifting the tape of the stems to the plane of the side wall of the chamber, made in the form of a belt conveyor placed on the outside of the conveyor at an angle to it, with each section attached to the machine frame articulated with the possibility of copying soil independently, and a device for shifting the tape stalks to the plane of the side wall of the bale chamber, made in the form of a belt conveyor, acts simultaneously as komlepodbyka due to the fact that the drive pulley and tension pulley, which bends around conveyor volume, made multifaceted.

The scheme of the proposed roll baler bast crops shown in figure 1, a side view and figure 2 is a view a in figure 1. A diagram of the right section of the selection apparatus is shown in FIG. 3, a side view and in FIG. 4 is a view B in FIG. 3.

A baler baler designed to form and extrude a roll from a roll formed by laying one tape of stems on top of the tops with clumps to the outside, contains a pick-up apparatus 1 and a pressing chamber 2 mounted on a frame 3 supported by wheels 4.

The pressing chamber 2 consists of a receiving 5 and pressing 6 belts, side walls 7 and a rear valve 8 (the pressing chamber may also consist of some other elements).

The picking apparatus 1 has a right 9 and a left 10 section, which are a mirror image of one another.

Each section 9 or 10 includes a picking drum 11, a conveyor 12 for feeding the stems into the pressing chamber 2 and a device 13 for shifting the stalk tape to the plane of the side wall 7 of the chamber 2.

The conveyor 12 for feeding the stems into the pressing chamber of sections 9 and 10 is represented by two belts 14 and 15, each of which bends around the picking drum 11, the driving pulley 16 and the deflecting roller 17. The blades are fixed on the belts 14 and 15. The conveyor 12 is installed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the pressing chamber 2.

The device 13 for shifting the tape of stems to the plane of the side wall 7 of the pressing chamber 2 is made in the form of a belt conveyor and contains a belt 18, worn on the drive pulley 19, and a tension roller 20. The device 13 is placed on the outside of the conveyor 12 at an angle α to it. The drive pulley 19 and the tension roller (or only the drive pulley) are made in the form of a polyhedron. The latter is made so that the belt 18 also makes an oscillatory movement. The speed of the belt 18 is selected so that the blows applied by the belts 18 to the stems of the stems coincide in direction with their length. The blades are fixed on the belt 18.

The space between the belts 14 and 15 of the conveyor 12 is covered by shields 21 (in Fig. 4 shows part of the shield 21). They support the moving stem mass and prevent the winding of the stems on the rotating parts of the conveyor and the drive. At the exit of the conveyor 12, visors 22 are pivotally fixed to the shields 21 (one visor 22 is shown in FIG. 4), which hang over the receiving belts 5 of the pressing chamber 2 and prevent the stems from spilling between the pick-up apparatus 1 and the belts 5. The peaks 22 are supported by the posts 23. The shape of the visors 22 on their lower side is selected so that an equally minimal clearance between the visors 22 and the belts 5 is ensured when copying the soil pick-up apparatus 1.

The drive of the conveyor 12 and the picking drum 11 is carried out through the shaft 24, and from it through the chain gear 25 and the gearbox 26 the drive pulley 19 of the device 13 for shifting the stalk tape is rotated.

To prevent the stems from being thrown forward and upward while the drum 11 is picking up and moving them stably, the presser runners 27 serve as the conveyor 12. The front end of the runner 27 is attached to the pivot arm 28 and the rear end to the flexible suspension 29. Thanks to such a suspension, the runner 27 can move away from the drum 11 and the conveyor 12 forward and upward under the action of the stem mass, and thus allow for the possible accumulation of mass.

All the mentioned technological elements of sections 9 or 10 are mounted on a frame 30, which is connected to the frame 3 of the machine through a hinge 31 coinciding with the axis of the drive shaft 24. Each section 9 or 10 is supported by its own wheel 32. Therefore, the sections can copy the soil independently one from another. In the transport position, section 9 or 10 is translated using its hydraulic cylinder 33.

Round baler bast crops works as follows.

When the machine is moving with the technological process, the picking drums 11 of the right 9 and left 10 sections of the apparatus 1 pick up a roll formed from laying one tape of stems on the other with the top parts of the knots facing outward as a whole, lift it and transfer it to belts 14 and 15 of the conveyors 12. Belts 14 and 15 with blades attached to them capture the stem mass and move it to the pressing chamber 2. The runners 27 contribute to the uniform selection and raising of the stems without distorting the latter, as well as their quality to porting. During the movement of the tapes of the stems by the belts 14 and 15 of the conveyors 12, the belts 18 of the device 13 act on the butt parts of the stems in the direction of their length and move each tape to the plane of the side wall 7 of the pressing chamber 2. Since the belts 18 also oscillate, they apply blows to the butt of the stems in the direction of their length and thereby simultaneously with the shift reduce the extension of the stems in the ribbons.

At the end of the transportation of the stem mass with belts 14 and 15, the visors 22 remove it from the belts and the blades fixed on them and direct the transported mass to the receiving belts 5 of the pressing chamber 2. This ensures a guaranteed transfer of mass from the conveyors 12 to the belts 5 and prevents the spillage of stems between the picking apparatus 1 and receiving belts 5. Next, the trust (straw) is fed by belts 5 to the pressing chamber 2, where under the action of the pressing belts 6 a seed is first formed from stems, and then a press is formed A roll is made. When the package is formed due to the slipping of the belts by the belts 18 and their knocking-out, the buttocks of most stems are located close to the side wall of the pressing chamber and, therefore, oriented in the roll. After reaching the specified package sizes, the tractor is stopped, the working bodies of the press scroll around the roll with twine, and then, using the hydraulic system of the machine, open the back valve 8 and throw the package out of the pressing chamber 2 on the field. Throwing the roll, they begin to move with the scrolling of the working bodies of the machine and continue to work in the same order until the completion of the next roll.

In the zone of risky farming during the harvesting of trusts, there is not always a stable dry weather. In such periods of time, the trust in the ribbons cannot be dried to a moisture level at which flax products can be wound up in rolls. Therefore, the stem mass is set in cones or tents for drying. The proposed bale baler can also be used in adverse weather conditions. Under these conditions, the roll must be formed from portions of stems after drying them in cones, while some portions should be spread out in one tape and the other portions should be laid out in the second tape so that the top parts of the second tape overlap the top parts with the first clumps outward. The width of the roll should be greater than the width of the bale chamber, but slightly less than the grip width of the pick-up apparatus of the roll press. Pick up the roll formed from the portions and wrap it into a roll, the proposed round baler will be the same as described.

Rolls obtained during the operation of the proposed round baler are transported to the flax mill. At the flax mill, the rolls are unwound to obtain a layer in which one tape is laid on top of the other with the tops of the butts facing out. A layer of stem mass is passed through a dryer, where it is brought to technological humidity. Before the milling-bobbin aggregate, the tapes are separated, then combined with the orientation of the stems with knots in one direction and served for processing.

The method of basting stalks of bast crops, in which the coils are wound from a roll formed by laying one tape of the stems on top of the tops with clumps outwards [4], has many advantages over others. But when implementing this method, it is particularly difficult to separate the two strips in front of the mulping-trembling aggregate in order to form a layer in which the stems are located in one direction with the knots and have minimal stretching.

The proposed roll baler of bast crops provides such rolls in which the stems of all the stems are either located in or close to the end planes of the package. In such a roll, tapes in one layer are not mixed up with one another. In addition, thanks to komlepodbivaniya stems in the ribbons have a minimum extension. Such tapes have butt parts, not mixed up with vertex ones. Therefore, after unwinding the roll, each tape can be grabbed by the butt parts of the stems and separated from the other. With the use of the proposed roll press, it becomes real to form a layer in front of the mulberry-trepid aggregate, in which all the stems are located in one direction with the butt and have minimal stretching. Processing such a layer of trust will increase the yield of the most valuable long fiber. This is the positive difference between the proposed bast roll baler from the known ones.

The proposed round baler is designed to select a roll formed from two tapes. The width of such a roll is in most cases 1.6 ... 1.7 m. For a high-quality selection of stem mass, the grip width of the picking apparatus of the roll press should be slightly larger than the width of the roll. Known haying apparatuses are known which have one picking drum of a specified length. It is much more difficult to pick up the stalks of flax from the soil than hay, since the flax tape is thinner than the hay roll, and the stems in it are less connected. Therefore, the drum when selecting the stems of flax should better copy the surface of the field, otherwise there will be loss of stem mass due to under-selection. However, copying the surface of the field worsens with an increase in its length. Therefore, a long drum cannot cleanly pick up a roll consisting of two flax ribbons. At the same time, the picking apparatus of the proposed roll press should pick up a roll formed of two tapes as a whole so that the stems do not warp in the tapes. In view of the foregoing, a selection apparatus is proposed that consists of two sections located at a minimum distance from one another, each of which is a mirror image of the adjacent one and is hinged to the machine frame with the possibility of copying soil independently of the other. This embodiment of the selection apparatus will ensure high purity of the selection of the roll without distortion and entanglement of the stems in the tapes that make up the roll. It will also help increase the collection of flax products and the yield of long fiber in the processing of trusts.

Sources of information

1. Directory of flax farmer / M.M. Trush, I.P. Sergeev, A.N. Marchenkov and others. Comp. M.M. Trush and F.M. Karpunin. - L .: Agropromizdat, Leningrad. Separation, 1985 .-- 240 p., Ill.

2. A.S. USSR No. 1212358, MKI A 01 F 15/00, A 01 D 45/06. Round baler of bast crops / VB Kovalev and VB Melegov, No. 3788356 / 30-15, decl. 08/30/84, publ. 02/23/86, Bull. Number 7.

3. A.S. USSR No. 1658893, MKI A 01 F 15/07, A 01 D 45/06. Round baler of bast crops / VB Kovalev, VB Melegov, No. 4643413/15, decl. 12/02/88, publ. 06/30/91, Bull. Number 24.

4. A.S. USSR No. 1564698, MKI A 01 F 15/00. The method of rolling stalks of bast crops / VB Kovalev, VB Melegov, No. 4411588 / 30-15, decl. 03/09/88, publ. 05.15.90, Bull. Number 18.

Claims (2)

1. Roll baler of bast crops, containing a frame mounted on wheels, a picking apparatus and a pressing chamber, while the picking apparatus includes a picking drum and a device for feeding stems into a bale chamber made in the form of two conveyors, characterized in that the picking apparatus consists of two sections located at a distance from one another, each of which includes a picking drum, a conveyor for feeding the stems into the pressing chamber parallel to its longitudinal axis, and a device for shifting the tape of the stems to the plane of the side wall of the chamber, made in the form of a belt conveyor placed on the outside of the conveyor at an angle to it, with each section attached to the machine frame articulated with the possibility of copying soil independently of the other. 2. The round baler according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for moving the stalk tape to the plane of the side wall of the bale chamber, made in the form of a belt conveyor, also acts as a komlepodby due to the fact that the drive pulley and tension pulley, which envelope the conveyor belt, are multifaceted.

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