RU2263653C1 - Granulated explosive compound - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: industrial explosives used for extraction of minerals.

SUBSTANCE: proposed granulated explosive contains granulated ammonium nitrate or granulated mixture of ammonium and potassium, or ammonium and sodium, or ammonium and calcium nitrates, explosive sensitizing agent - flaked or granulated or utilized trotyl or utilized mixtures on base of trotyl or hexogen or aluminum or their mixture, surfactant - product of condensation of polyolefins with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine or its mixture with pentaerythritol ester and fatty acids C₁₇-C₂₅ of tall oil, industrial oil and water. Surfactant is preliminarily mixed with industrial oil. Composition may additionally contain chalk or carbamide or their mixture. Provision is made for smooth composition of components of 99.2-100% at critical diameter of 17-25 mm and separation of dust at rate of 0.4-2.1 mg/kg.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to industrial explosives used in blasting operations for mining.

There are a number of granular explosive compositions containing an explosive sensitizer in the formulations, which are produced under the general name grammonites or grammotols (List of materials, equipment and explosive devices approved for use in Russia. - Moscow: Gosgortekhnadzor RF, 2002). These are mixtures of TNT and ammonium nitrate with various additives to give them special properties. Pure mixtures of TNT with nitrate emit a significant amount of toxic dust during charging, which affects the sanitary and hygienic conditions when working in underground conditions. Recently, often to reduce dusting, various mineral oils are added to the composition, which make it possible to reduce the content of toxic TNT. However, a small amount of oil due to the high surface tension is unevenly distributed over the granular components, which reduces the effectiveness of the use of oil as a dust suppressant. For this reason, a deterioration in explosive characteristics and an increase in the concentration of toxic gases in the explosion products are observed. In addition, such compositions are capable of chemical interaction with sulfide ores, which can lead to spontaneous explosion of a borehole charge.

Closest to the claimed composition by the type of components used and the destination area is an explosive composition according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2130447 (wt.%),

mineral oil or a mixture of mineral oils 0.5 ÷ 3.5 water 0.5 ÷ 4.0 explosive sensitizer - trotyl flaked or granular, or disposed of, or disposed of mixtures based on TNT or RDX, or aluminum, or a mixture thereof with a particle size of 0.5-50 mm, 7.0 ÷ 23.0 granular ammonium nitrate rest

The technical task of the present invention is to obtain a uniform component composition in its manufacture and to ensure stability or lack of interaction with sulfide ores.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the granular explosive composition containing oil, water and an explosive sensitizer - TNT, a surfactant is additionally introduced, which is used as the condensation products of polyolefins with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine or its mixture with pentaerythritol and fatty ethers C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ acids or tall oil fatty acids, with the surfactant being introduced into industrial oil, granular ammonium nitrate or a granular mixture of ammonia and potassium, or ammonia and sodium, or ammonia and calcium nitrate. For use in rocks and ores containing sulfides, the composition may contain additives of urea, chalk or a mixture thereof. The proposed composition has the following ratio between components, wt.%:

industrial oil 0.1 ÷ 4.0 water 0.1 ÷ 4.0 explosive sensitizer - trotyl flaked or granular, or disposed of, or disposed of mixtures based on TNT or RDX, or aluminum or a mixture thereof 5.0 ÷ 21.0 surfactant products condensation of polyolefins with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine or a mixture thereof with pentaerythritol and fatty acid ester C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ or tall oil fatty acids 0.01 ÷ 0.1 chalk or urea, or a mixture thereof 1,0 ÷ 5,0 ordinary or porous granular ammonium nitrate, or granular mixture ammonia-potassium, or ammonia-calcium, or sodium ammonium nitrate the rest is up to 100

Production Example

A mixture of industrial oil with the condensation product of polyolefins with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine, or a mixture of it with pentaerythritol and C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ fatty acids or tall oil fatty acids, is preliminarily prepared in the apparatus. Then the resulting mixture is fed into the mixing auger, where ammonium nitrate is continuously fed. Next, an explosive sensitizer and, if necessary, chalk or urea or a mixture thereof are successively fed into the screw.

Examples of granular explosive compositions according to the invention are shown in the table. Columns 1-27 of the table give examples of explosive compositions having a uniformity of component composition of 99.2 ÷ 100%, for the prototype it is 98.6%, a critical diameter of 17 ÷ 25 mm and dust emission when charging 0.4 ÷ 2.7 mg / kg The uniformity of the component composition was evaluated by the results of analytical control of the ratio of components.

Examples of explosive compositions in columns 12-23 additionally contain urea, chalk or a mixture thereof and do not interact with sulfide ores.

Claims (2)

1. Granular explosive composition, including granular nitrate, water, oil and an explosive sensitizer - flaked TNT, or granular, or recycled or disposed of TNT, RDX, or aluminum mixtures, or a mixture thereof, characterized in that it additionally contains surface -active substance - a condensation product of polyolefin with maleic anhydride and an alkanolamine or a mixture of ether and pentaerythritol fatty acid C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ fatty acids or tall oil as granular nitrate it contains prilled ammonium nitrate or granular mixture of ammonia and potassium or ammonium and sodium, or ammonium and calcium nitrate, and as oil - industrial oil, wherein the surfactant is introduced into industrial oil with the following component ratio, wt.%: Industrial oil 0.1 ÷ 4.0 Water 0.1 ÷ 4.0 TNT flake, or granular, either disposed of or disposed of mixtures based on TNT, or RDX, or aluminum, or a mixture thereof 5.0 ÷ 21.0 Condensation product of field olefins with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine or a mixture thereof with ester of pentaerythritol and fatty acids C ₁₇ -C ₂₅ or tall oil fatty acids 0.01 ÷ 0.1 Granular ammonium nitrate or granular mixture of ammonia and potassium, or ammonia and sodium, or ammonia and calcium nitrate The rest is up to 100 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains 1 ÷ 5 wt.% Chalk, or urea, or a mixture thereof.